study on asphalt pavement technologies - crp · study on asphalt pavement technologies targeting...
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Study on Asphalt Pavement Technologies Study on Asphalt Pavement Technologies Targeting the Prevention of Global Warming Targeting the Prevention of Global Warming
Masahiko Iwama, Tamotsu Yoshinaka, , Tamotsu Yoshinaka, Shinobu Omoto and Nobuyuki NemotoShinobu Omoto and Nobuyuki Nemoto
International Road Federation International Road Federation 1616th th World MeetingWorld Meeting
May 25th to 28th 2010, Lisbon, Portugal
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Outline of Presentation
� Use of Warm-Mix Asphalt- Basic concept- Laboratory test results- Laboratory test results- CO2 reduction at paving work
� Solar Heat-blocking Pavement- Basic concept- Effect of temperature reduction- Case study (Airport taxiway)
� Conclusions
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Warm-mix Asphalt - Background -
Warm-Mix Asphalt:- Reduction in CO2
- Improvement of workability, especially in winter- Improvement of workability, especially in winter• In 1997, NIPPO developed the additive agent
called “ECOFINE”• It can be used for both straight and modified
asphalts• 30 °°°°C to reduction in mixing temperature was
achieved
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What is ECOFINE ?Forming-based special additive agent for WMA technologyProduction: Fine forms occur in bitumen
A volume of bitumen increases considerablyWorkability of bitumen will be improved
Laying: Good compaction is achieved by “bearing effect”
●
Laying: Good compaction is achieved by “bearing effect”Roller Compaction
Asphalt mixture
Coarse aggregate Mastic
Fine forms
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Properties of ECOFINE-Micro-form generation-
• Add the agent of 2 kg/ton • Keep forming state for a long duration;
• Laboratory: Approx. 120 min.• Site: 4 to 5 hours• Site: 4 to 5 hours
Special Additive
100
200
300
400
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Bit
um
en %
by
Vo
lum
e
Duration Time of Foaming (min.)
Foaming Agent only
Special Additive
Straight Asphalt 60/80, 130°CSpecial Additive : 7% by mass of bitumen
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Warm-mix AsphaltLaboratory test results
100
101
102
103
Co
mp
acti
on
Deg
ree
(%)
■■■■ ECOFINE■■■■ Without Additive
Dense Asphalt Concrete / Max.Size13mmStraight Bitumen 60/80Mixing Temp. : 130℃
Normal Asphalt MixtureMixng Temp. : 160℃Compac.Temp. : 140℃
95
96
97
98
99
100
707070708080808090909090100100100100110110110110120120120120130130130130
Co
mp
acti
on
Deg
ree
Compaction Temperature (℃℃℃℃)
Mixing Temp. : 130℃
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Warm-mix AsphaltLaboratory test results
1.4
1.8
2.2
10 10 10 10 12 12 12 12 14 14 14 14 16 16 16 16
Rav
ellin
g A
bra
sio
n (
cm2 )
Mar
shal
l Sta
bilit
y M
arsh
all S
tabi
lity
Mar
shal
l Sta
bilit
y M
arsh
all S
tabi
lity (
kNkN kNkN) Dense Asphalt Concrete / Max.
Size13mm Straight Bitumen 60/80
0.2
0.6
1
1.4
0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 8 8 8 8
10 10 10 10
Normal Asphalt Mixture
ECOFINE 30℃℃℃℃ Lower
Without Additive 30℃℃℃℃ Lower
Rav
ellin
g A
bra
sio
n
Mar
shal
l Sta
bilit
y M
arsh
all S
tabi
lity
Mar
shal
l Sta
bilit
y M
arsh
all S
tabi
lity
Stability
RavellingAbrasion
ECOFINE
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Simplification of paving equipment train:CO2 reduction at paving work
� Simplified compaction train was examined
Section A (Control)Mixture: at normal temp. without additiveRollers: 10 t macadam roller +
pneumatic tired roller
Section B (Trial)Mixture: at normal temp. with additiveRollers: 6 t combined roller
100 m 100 m
3.75 mPlane figure
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Construction condition and test resultsType of Mix.
ItemsSurface Mixture Type 20
Applied Section A (Control) B (Simplified)
Special Addition 0 3.5
Mixing Conditions
Capacity of Mixer 2,000 kg/batch
Dry Mixing Time (sec) 10
Wet Mixing Time (sec) 36Conditions Wet Mixing Time (sec) 36
Mixing Temp. (゚C) 160
Compaction (time)
Macadam Roller 3 -
Pneumatic Tired Roller 7 -
6 t Combined Roller - 11
Cored SampleDensity (g/cm3) 2.339 2.324
Air Void (%) 4.8 5.4
Compaction Degree (%) 98.9 98.6
Evenness (σ) (mm) 0.79 0.78
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CO2 reduction at paving work- Calculated CO2 emission -
PneumaticTired Roller40
50
60
Dis
char
ge
(kg/h)
52.9 ((((kg/h))))
53%
• Approx.53% of CO2 reduction can be saved thanks to the special additive
AsphaltPaver
4 tonCombined Roller
AsphaltPaver
MacadamRoller
0
10
20
30
40
Cal
cula
ted
CO
22 22 D
Simplified Normal Combination
24.8 ((((kg/h))))
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Solar HeatSolar Heat--blocking Pavementblocking Pavement
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Solar Heat-blocking Pavement- Background -
Urban areas and pavements in JapanUrban areas and pavements in Japan� Surface temperatures of asphalt pavement reach
60゚゚゚゚C or higher in summer Asphalt surfaces cover approx. 20% of urban areas � Asphalt surfaces cover approx. 20% of urban areas
� Pavement is a source of heat, similar to concrete structures
Hotter pavement:Hotter pavement:- leads to the urban heat island phenomenon- may affect the heath of pedestrians due to the
higher temperatures
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Basic concept of solar reflective technology
Surface course of hot mix asphalt
◆◆◆◆ Low reflection for the visible rays
◆◆◆◆ High reflection for the near infrared raysSolar radiation
Hollow ceramic particle Highly reflective pigment
Aggregate
Asphalt
Apply high albedo and dark colored
thin treatment materials
Component of hot mix asphalt
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Albedo characteristics of treatment materials
60
80
100
Alb
edo
(%
)Visiblerays
Near-infrared rays
New surface treatment materials L*40(dark gray)
Albedo: Degree of reflection
�Straight asphalt has a very low albedo�Dark-gray treatment materials have a low albedo for visible rays, but
a very high albedo (about 90%) for near-infrared rays
0
20
40
60
400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200500 1000 1500 2000
Alb
edo
(%
)
Wavelength (nm)
Normal paint materials L*40(dark gray)
Straight asphalt 60/80
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Performance of heat blocking pavement
40
50
60
70S
urfa
ce te
mpe
ratu
re (
C゚) 8/11 - 8/13 2004 Kyoto
16゚゚゚゚C
Dense graded surfaceSolar heat-blocking pavement
Max. air temperature:37.8゚C
10
20
30
Sur
face
tem
pera
ture
8/11 8/12 8/130:00 0:00 0:00
Ambient temperature
� The maximum temperature of the conventional pavement rose to 57.4゚゚゚゚C
� The temperature of the treated surface was reduced by about 16゚゚゚゚C
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Case study- Rutting mitigation at airport taxiway -
B’-runway
Construction area
Narita International Airport
3
63 2
4
1
0
25
B747
A300
MD11
B757
B737
A320,,,,310 Other
Small11%%%%
A380≒≒≒≒0
Size:
� Temperatures both in conventional surface and S.H.P. were measured at 20 mm, 80mm and 200mm below the surface
Terminal 1, 2
A-runway
area
Garage
12
19
25
B777
A340,,,,330
B767
Large62%%%%
Middle27%%%%
Size:
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Temperature of pavements
Surface (20 mm below)
010203040506070
Max
. tem
pera
ture (°C
)
12 3 6 9 12 3 6 9 12 3 6 9 120 12 24 36
Max
. tem
pera
ture
12 3 6 9 12 3 6 9 12 3 6 9 12
Milled Surface (200 mm below)
010203040506070
0 12 24 36
Max
. tem
pera
ture (
°C) Conventinal
S.H.PAmbinet temp.
12 3 6 9 12 3 6 9 12 3 6 9 12
2006 2007 2008
Month
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30
40
50
30
40
50
Rut
dep
th (
mm
)
Max
. ru
t dep
th (
mm
)
Rut depth (S.H.P.) Rut depth (Conventional)
Max. rut depth (Conventional)
34Max. rut depth (S.H.P.)
Differences of rut depth
0 0 0 1 00 0 0 1 00
10
20
30
0
10
20
30
2 months 1 year 1.5 years 2 years 2.5 years 3 years 3.5 years 4 years 4.5 years
Rut
dep
th (
mm
)
Max
. ru
t dep
th (
mm
)
2006.7 2007 2008 2009
16
After
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Conclusions
� The application of micro-forms WMA(ECOFINE) enables the production and laying temperature to be 30 °°°°C lower than normal bitumen.
� Approx. 50% of CO2 generation can be reduced by � Approx. 50% of CO2 generation can be reduced by decreasing the number and size of rollers.
� The reduction in surface temperatures for the heat-blocking pavement is approximately 16 °°°°C .
� This technology would be effective to the rutting as the rate of rut depth was approximately a half, compared to the dense-graded asphalt surface at the taxiway .
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Thank youThank youThank youThank you
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Properties of ECOFINE Estimated CO2 emission; 30 to 50 °C reduction
20
22
Dis
char
ge
(kg/ton)Asumption for calculation : Moisture content % agg. : 3% Ambient Temp. : 30゚゚゚゚C
14
16
18
100110120130140150160170180
M ixing Temperature (゚゚゚゚C )
Est
imat
ed C
O2
D
14%23%
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Case studies- Highway maintenance -
• Divided the maintenance area into 4 sections
• Compared construction time between Control and ECOFINE sections in surface, binder course and L.S.M.
L = 400 m
Section A (ECOFINE)
Section B(Control)
Section C(ECOFINE)
Section D(Control)
Surface
Binder course
Surface
Large Stone Mix (L.S.M.)
2 cm
3 cm
2 cm
5 cm
W=3.5 m
t = 4 cm
t = 10 cm
L = 400 m
: Thermo-Couple
Plane figure
Sectiont = 6 cm
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Case studies - Highway maintenance -
Mixture Surface Binder course Large Stone Mix.
Control ECO ECO FINEFINE
Control ECO ECO FINEFINE
Control ECO ECO FINEFINE
ItemFINEFINE FINEFINE FINEFINE
Density (g/cm3)
2.314 2.309 2.369 2.363 2.379 2.378
Air Void (%)
5.7 5.9 4.1 4.3 4.6 4.6
Compaction Degree (%) 97.7 97.5 100 99.8 99.0 99.0
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Case studies - Highway maintenance -
Item
Section
Rut depth (mm) Evenness (mm) Skid resistance (BPN)
After construction
After 6 months
After construction
After 6 months
After construction
After 6 months
Note: Section A Surface + Binder course (ECOFINE) , B Surface + Binder course (Control)
Section C Surface + Large Stone Mix. (ECOFINE), D Surface + Large Stone Mix. (Control)
construction 6 months construction 6 months construction 6 months
A 1 1 0.86 1.03 70 72
B 2 2 0.74 0.82 73 68
C 1 1 0.98 0.84 72 70
D 1 1 0.79 0.82 74 71
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Case studies - Highway maintenance - Surface & Binder courses
90
120
150
180
empe
ratu
re (
°C)
ECOFINE BinderControl BinderECOFINE SurfaceControl SurfaceExisting SurfaceAmbient Temp.
○○○○
△△△△
4cm6cm
Surface (((( TypeA ))))
Binder
Location ofThermo-Couple
Time diffrence when surface temp. is at 60°C about 50 min.
0
30
60
90
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480
Time (min.)
Tem
pera
ture
(°C
)
Temp.difference of Surface Layer : about 4°C Temp.difference of Binder Layer : about 4°C
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Case studies - Highway maintenance - Surface & Large Stone Mix.
90
120
150
180T
empe
ratu
re (
°C)
ECOFINE L.S.M. ((((Section C))))Control L.S.M. ((((Section B))))ECOFINE Surface ((((Section C))))Control Surface ((((Section D))))Existing SurfaceAmbient temp.
4cm
10cm
Surface(TypeⅡⅡⅡⅡ Modified B)
Large Stone Mix
●
●
Location ofThermo-Couple
Time diffrence when surface temp. is at 60°C about 70 min.
0
30
60
90
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480
Time( min.)
Tem
pera
ture
(°C
)
Temp.difference of Surface Layer : about 8°C Temp.difference of Large Stone Mix : about 6°C
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Environmental issuesHotter pavement:Hotter pavement:- leads to the urban heat island phenomenon- may affect the heath of pedestrians due to the
higher temperatures
Public demand to reduce the temperature of road pavementPublic demand to reduce the temperature of road pavement
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Research & DevelopmentBasic conceptHighly reflective pigmentHighly reflective pigmentHighly reflective for near-infrared rays→ Prevention of heatingLow reflectivity for visible rays→ Enables various colors to be selected
Hollow ceramic particlesHollow ceramic particles- Reflect solar radiation to the atmosphere
Hollow ceramic particles
(5~150µm)
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What is solar radiation?
1,500
2,000
W/m2
� Solar radiation mainly consists of visible rays and near-infrared rays and includes some ultraviolet rays
� 50% of solar energy is visible rays; the rest is near-infrared rays
0
500
1,000
150 360 750 3,000nm
VisibleVisibleraysrays
NearNear--infrared raysinfrared raysUltravioletrays
Infrared rays
NearNear--infrared raysinfrared rays
≒≒≒≒≒≒≒≒50%50%
Visible raysVisible rays
≒≒≒≒≒≒≒≒50%50%
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Section of pavements
Solar Heat-blocking Pavement Conventional Surface
▲▲▲
Surface (20 mm below)Inter layer (80 mm below)
Milled surface (200 mm below)
Depth ofThermo-couple
Surface: Large stone mix. (Modified Asphalt)
Bituminous stabilization
Cement stabilization
Crusher-run
Coated layer
t= 80 mm
Binder course: Large stone mix. (Modified Asphalt) t=120 mm
t=200 mm
t=500 mm
t=300 mm
Constructionoverview
Thermo-couple
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