study of the potential and distribution of soft shalled ... · north penajam paser (iverson, 1992...

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 7, ISSUE 3 , MARCH 2018 ISSN 2277-8616

61 IJSTR©2018 www.ijstr.org

Study Of The Potential And Distribution Of Soft-Shalled Turtle Biological Resources (Amyda

Cartilaginea, Boddaert, 1770) In Bali

I Wayan Restu, I Ketut Wija Negara

ABSTRACT: Potential soft-shalled turtle (Amyda cartilaginea) in the region Bali are still quite plentiful, which was captured as many as 108 soft-shalled turtles with very high variations in size from the size of the biomass weight of 80 grams to the jumbo size with 21,400 grams (21.4 kg) of weight. There were caught 23 biomass in Denpasar ranging from 175-5,800 grams with carapace length ranging from 11.4- 38.0 cm, and carapace width ranged from 9.1 to 31.0 cm. There were caught 27 biomass in Badung ranging from 85-3,900 grams. Morphometric measurement includes total carapace length ranged from 9.4 to 34.2 cm and total carapace width ranged from 7.8 to 28.0 cm. There were caught 21 biomass in Gianyar District weighed 125-5,750 grams. There were caught 21 biomass in Tabanan District weighed 200-21,400 grams. Morphometric measurement of soft-shalled turtle includes total carapace length 11.1-60.3 cm and carapace width 9.6-46.0 cm, with a negative allometric growth model for relations between total carapace length with weight and between carapace width and weight. There were caught 16 biomass in Klungkung ranging from 140-4,250 grams. Morphometric description includes carapace length (PC) ranged from 10.5- 37.8 cm, carapace width (LC) ranged from 8.4 to 30.6 cm, plastron length (PP) ranged from 7.4 to 27.3 cm, plastron width (LP) between 9.3 to 31.2 cm and total length of ventral (PTV) between 11.4 to 39.0 cm. Distribution (dispersion) of soft-shalled turtle (Amyda cartilaginea) resource is uneven on some fishing ground. GIS analysis result showed that centralization happened only on some areas, especially in Klungkung District, soft-shalled turtles were dominantly caught in the upstream of Tukad/Yeh Jinah river (Selisihan, Mangduang, Aan and Penasan), and In Denpasar, it was concentrated in the area of Kedue, Penatih, Muding Padang Sambian and Medui area Keyword :Amyda cartilaninea, Biodivercity, Biomass, and Bali

————————————————————

INTRODUCTION

Indonesia is a mega-biodiversity country with 38 kinds of reptile live on land and in water. One of the germplasm natural resources of freshwater reptiles, with important economic value and strategic in economic system of society both in local and national scope, is soft-shalled turtle or freshwater turtle (Amyda cartilaginea, Boddaert, 1770/Trionyx ornatus; Gray, 1861), because it can be utilized as nutrition resources in order to fulfill food needs and animal protein in society. Furthermore, it is also a nutritious medicine (pharmako) anad basic ingredients in cosmetics. It can be used as a pet and has cultural value budaya (Kusrini dkk, 2009) Soft-shalled turtle Amyda cartilaginea (Boddaert,1770) is a kind of freshwater turtle of Trionychidae family, Testudines order that widely spreads in South East Asia (Iskandar 2000;van Dijk 2000). In Indonesia, Amyda cartilaginea is found in Kalimantan, Sumatera, Java, Bali, and Lombok (Auliya 2007; Iverson 1992). According to Iskandar (2000), soft-shalled turtle is mostly found in quiet areas with slow current.

Export value of Indonesian soft-shalled turtle is dominated by catches from nature, especially from Sumatera (Islands of Riau, Bangka Belitung), Java, Bali, Lombok, Sulawesi, and Kalimantan especially in East Kalimantan (District of Nunukan, Malinau, Berau and Tanah Tidung, Paser amd North Penajam Paser (Iverson, 1992 in CITES, 2004 and Kusrini et. al., 2009). It is proven by many exporter companies only receive soft-shalled turtle from nature catching. Soft-shalled turtle (Amyda cartilaginea) is the most commercially-traded kind of soft shell freshwater turtle, both traded domestically and imported to Singapore, China, Hongkong, Taiwan and Japan. Considering its slow population in nature, a husbandry is needed to fulfill the demand of soft-shalled turtle. The higher exploitation rate of soft-shalled turtle may cause its population in nature decreasing which threatening its population number. In the framework of biodiversity development of freshwater, it becomes national superior commodity to increase production, both from nature catching and animal husbandry. Information availability (basic information) about biologic, ecologic, adaptation, nutrition, desease, social economic, culture and pharmacologic aspects and other aspects are still very minimal, therefore related exploration is still widely open, very important and strategic to be developed. Based on the above background then it becomes very strategic to do the research about Potential and Distribution of Natural Resources of Soft-shalled turtle (Amyda cartilaginea, Boddaert) in River Ecosystem in Bali Province. Scientific information related to the existence of Amyda cartilaginea is still relatively limited. Some of them have been published by Kasmiruddin (1998), Oktaviani &Samedi (2008), Oktaviani et al. (2008) and Mumpuni & Riyanto (2010). The aim of this research is to study and to

________________________________

Program Study of Aquatic Recources Management, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Udayana

University – Bali – Indonesia, Kampus Bukit Jimbaran, 80361 Email : [email protected]



find out the natural resources potential of soft-shalled turtle (Amyda cartilaginea,B) and to do its distribution mapping in rivers in Bali to support biodiversity data base in Bali.

RESEARCH METHOD This research is an explorative research using purposive sampling approach for its observation method. Samples of soft-shalled turtle are taken with consideration of river area representation in South Bali Region. Place and Time of Research This research was permormed in Denpasar City, District of Badung, Gianyar, Tabanan and Klungkung (SARBAGITAKUNG). Research activities, from preparation, implementation and finalization, was performed in the mid of June 2016 until the end of October 2016.

Picture. Research Site (SARBAGITAKUNG)

Data Analysis Data of potential and distribution of soft-shalled turtle in Bali region was obtained through survey activities using ―catching method‖, soft-shalled turtle catching technique used in some river areas in Bali with the following steps: a) Overnight fishing pole method. Since soft-shalled turtle

is a nocturnal animal (active during night), the catching is done by fishing. By setting up 100 fishing rods with frogs/toads, and coconut beetle larva (ancruk/gayas) as the bait, the rods are being set for view days at determined areas. Every morning the rods are checked by lifting them up, then the number of catches are counted and put in the sample box, where eaten bait by specimens are recorded its coordinate with GPS.

b) Setting up 4 plaited rattan fish traps (bubu) at determined areas with chicken meat and chicken liver as the bait. Bubus are then put for some nights. Every morning, bubus are checked by lifting them up, then the number of catches are counted and put in the sample box, where eaten bait by specimens are recorded its coordinate with GPS.

c) All caught specimens are treated using morphometric measurement, which are biomass/wet weight (gram), length and width (cm).

The obtained data from the observation are put in the tables and descriptively analyzed. Coordinates of catch point are input using GIS equipment to produce distribution image in the area.

Relation between Length and Weight Samples of soft-shalled turtle are identified their type and measured their length and weight to define their sizes and condition based on their length and weight. Relation between the length and weight of soft-shalled turtle is analyzed with the following equation (Effendie, 2002): log W = log a + b log L where W= weight; L= lenght ; a, b= constants

Area Utilization Identification Data from the observation result and interviews are put in the form of tables, graphics and pictures then they are descriptively analyzed, discussed and interpreted to get a conclusion.

RESEARCH RESULT

Potential of natural resources of soft-shalled turtle (Amyda cartilaginea) in Bali Region is quite in abundance, because there are 108 soft-shalled turtles caught in samples with various size and weight of biomass from 80 grams to 21,400 grams from the size of baby soft-shalled turtle up to the sexually mature sized soft-shalled turtle. Resource distribution of soft-shalled turtle (Amyda cartilaginea) in Bali region, especially in Denpasar, Badung District, Gianyar, Tabanan and Klungkung, is relatively uneven in the fishing area which has been determined in advance. Result of GIS analysis about geographic distribution of soft-shalled turtle resources (Amyda cartilaginea) shows that centralization occurs in some river areas. Centralization of soft-shalled turtle resources allegedly related to the condition and quality of aquatic environment where soft-shalled turtle lives, food availability whether plants, animals or waste which flows to the river, and connectivity system between rivers where soft-shalled turtles breed (like core and plasma system). General distribution of catching area of soft-shalled turtle in Bali, especially in South Bali is presented in the following picture.

Picture 1. Location map of the catching of soft-shalled

turtle in South Bali

22

2

)log()(log

)log(loglog)(logloglog

LLN

WLLLWa

L

aNWb

log

)log(log



Potential of natural resources of soft-shalled turtle (Amyda cartilaginea) in quantity and in quality with its distribution in every area in Bali region is as follows: Denpasar City Research result in Denpasar, from Kedue (08

o59’654

‖ S –

115o23’757

‖ E) to Medui and around (08

o68’639

‖ S –

115o18’255

‖ E), there were 23 soft-shalled turtles with ±

175-5,800 grams of biomass. 47.83% of them were categorized as mature with more than one kilogram of weight, while 52.17% of them were categorized as baby and teen soft-shalled turtle.

Picture 2. Soft-shalled turtle Resources Map in Denpasar

City Morphometric description of soft-shalled turtle resources in Denpasar includes carapace length (PC) around 11.4- 38.0 cm, carapace width (LC) around 9.1-31.0 cm, plastron width (LP) between 10.0-30.0 cm and total ventral length (PTV) between 12.3-44.5 cm. 34.78 % of the sex ratio is male, while 65.22% is female. Table 1. Relation between Length and Width of Carapace

with Soft-shalled turtle Biomass

Graphic of Relation Between Carapace length (cm) with weight (gr) of Soft-shalled turtle (Amyda cartilaginea) in Denpasar.

Graphic of Relation between Carapace Width (cm) with Weight (gr) of Soft-shalled turtle (Amyda cartilaginea) in Denpasar.

Source : Primary Data.

Analysis result to the ratio of carapace length–weight and carapace width–weight has an allometric negative value.



Table 2. The Catch of Soft-shalled turtle Resource (Amyda cartilaginea) in River Area of Denpasar, Bali.

Badung District Area Research result in Badung District includes Pacung-Sangeh, Abiansemal Sub-district (08

o49’739

‖ S –

115o21’329

‖ E), Gulingan, Mengwi Sub-district (08

o52’981

‖ S

– 115o19’263

‖ E ), and Dalung, North Kuta (08

o60’920

‖ S –

115o17’383

‖ E), shows that there were 27 soft-shalled turtles

caught with ± 85-3,900 gram of biomass. Most of them were caught in Penarungan, especially at Bebengan Penarungan Waters, in Buduk and Tegal Darmasaba.

Picture 3. Map of the Location of the Caught Soft-shalled

turtle in Badung District

Location Coordinate Sex Biomass (gram)

Ventral Morphometry (cm)

Dorsal Morphometry (cm) Condition

PTV PP LP PC LC

Padang Sambian (Muding)

08.64819‖S

115.18091‖E

female 5800 44.5 27.0 30.0 38.0 31.0 healthy

Batu Paras (Batu Candik)

08.62459‖S

115.20225‖E

female 2850 31.0 22.8 24.8 28.0 26.2 healthy

Kedue 08.59654

‖S

115.23757‖E

male 2650 30.4 19.0 20.0 28.3 23.4 healthy

Peraupan-Peguyangan Kaja

08.60614‖S

115.22231‖E

male 2550 29.5 22.1 23.4 26.5 21.2 healthy

Benong /Petang Anyar 08.62459

‖S

115.20225‖E

female 2200 29.2 20.0 22.0 27.6 22.3 healthy


08.62459‖S

115.20225‖E

male 2000 28.8 19.6 22.1 28.0 22.0 healthy

Padangsambian (Muding)

08.64819‖S

115.18091‖E

female 2000 28.3 19.0 21.7 27.6 22.5 healthy

Medui 08.68639

‖S

115.18255‖E

female 1975 28.0 19.0 21.7 25.0 20.5 healthy

Kedue 08.59654

‖S

115.23757‖E

male 1850 28.0 19.5 20.8 25.6 20.2 healthy

Kedue 08.59654

‖S

115.23757‖E

female 1550 27.6 18.5 20.4 26.0 20.5 healthy

Padangsambian (Muding)

08.64819‖S

115.18091‖E

female 1500 27.0 18.0 20.0 24.5 19.5 healthy

Nenjoan Peguyangan 08.61105

‖S

115.22394‖E

female 800 21.0 17.0 18.0 19.6 15.4 healthy

Benong /Petang Anyar 08.62459

‖S

115.20225‖E

male 725 20.0 14.5 15.8 19.3 16.0 healthy

Penatih 08.61105

‖S

115.22394‖E

male 675 19.8 13.6 15.5 18.8 15.3 healthy

Kedue Area 08.59654

‖S

115.23757‖E

female 650 19.3 13.1 15.2 18.0 15.3 healthy

Batu Paras(Batu Candik)

08.62459‖S

115.20225‖E

female 525 18.0 13.0 12.8 16.8 13.5 healthy

Medui 08.68639

‖S

115.18255‖E

female 500 17.2 13.0 13.6 16.5 13.7 healthy

Medui 08.68639

‖S115.182

55‖E

female 400 16.8 13.1 12.0 15.3 12.0 healthy

Penatih 08.61105

‖S

115.22394‖E

male 350 15.1 11.0 13.0 14.0 11.8 Healthy


08.62459‖S

115.20225‖E

female 235 15.0 11.0 12.8 12.4 10.5 healthy

Padang Sambian (Muding)

08.64819‖S

115.18091‖E

female 230 14.6 10.5 12.0 12.9 10.7 healthy

Padan Sambian (Muding)

08.64819‖S

115.18091‖E

female 180 12.8 9.4 10.4 10.8 9.9 healthy/fat

Padang Sambian Area (Muding)

08.64819‖S

115.18091‖E

male 175 12.3 9.4 10.0 11.4 9.1 healthy



Morphometric description includes total carapace length (PC) around 9.4-34.2 cm, total carapace width (LC) around 7.8-28.0 cm. Plastron measurement includes plastron length (PP) around 9.0-28.4 cm, plastron width (LP) between 9.1-28.6 cm and total ventral length (PTV) between 10.0-37.1 cm. 25.93% of the sex ratio is male, while 74.07% is female. Table 3. Relation between Length and Width of Carapace

with Soft-shalled turtle Biomass

Graphic of Relation Between Carapace length (cm) with weight (gr) of Soft-shalled turtle (Amyda cartilaginea) in Badung District.

Graphic of Relation Between Carapace width (cm) with weight (gr) of Soft-shalled turtle (Amyda cartilaginea) in Badung District.

Source : Primary Data

Analysis result to the population growth pattern of soft-shalled turtle in Badung Sub-district was allometric negative.

Table 4. The Catch of Soft-shalled turtle Resource (Amyda cartilaginea) in River Area of Badung District, Bali

Location (Village/Hamlet)

Coordinate Sex Biomass (gram)



PTV PP LP PC LC

Buduk

08o60’986

‖S

115o15’564

‖E

male 3900 37.1 28.4 28.6 34.2 28.0 healthy

Penarungan

08o54’733

‖S

115o,19’615

‖E

female 3760 36.5 23 25.5 34.0 27.2 healthy

Penarungan

08 o54’733

‖S

115o19’615

‖E

female 3500 35.0 23.0 24.2 32.5 25.5 healthy

Sibang Gede 08

o57’820

‖S

115o22’182

‖E

female 2950 31.8 22.6 24.3 30.5 24.7 healthy

Buduk

08o60’986

‖S

115o15’564

‖E

female 2500 30.5 22.1 23.4 27.6 22.2 healthy

Dalung

08o60’920

‖S

115,17383‖E.

female 2240 31.0 20.5 22.3 29.0 23.2 healthy

Ulun Uma (Gulingan)

08o52’981

‖S

115o19’263

‖E

male 2200 31.6 20.6 22.0 27.5 23.6 healthy

Penarungan

08o54’718

‖S

115o19’698

‖E

female 2100 30.0 19.6 22.1 28.0 23.5 healthy

Penarungan

08o54’733

‖S

115o19’615

‖E

female 2100 29.3 19.0 21.7 27.2 22.8 healthy

Pacung-Sangeh 08

o49’739

‖S

115o21’329

‖E.

female 1800 28.2 19.5 20.8 26.3 21.3 healthy

Ayunan

08o51’158

‖S

115o20’231

‖E

female 1735 27.0 17.5 20.0 25.2 20.0 healthy

Sibang Gede 08

o57’820

‖S

115o22’182

‖E

male 1675 27.0 18.5 20.0 25.6 20.9 healthy



Dalung

08 o60’920

‖S

115o17’383

‖E.

male 1330 25.5 17.3 19.0 23.5 18.5 healthy

Buduk

08o60’986

‖S

115o,15’564

‖E

female 975 22.0 16.5 18.0 21.0 17.5 healthy

Sibang Gede 08

o57’820

‖S

115o22’182

‖E

female 690 19.0 13.2 15.6 22.0 17.6 healthy

Tegal Darmasaba

08o59’519

‖S and

115o21’432

‖E

female 550 18.2 13.8 12.8 17.6 14.7 healthy

Tegal Darmasaba

08o,59’519

‖S

115o,21’432

‖E

female 525 17.6 13.3 13.6 17.1 14.4 healthy

Dalung

08o,60’920

‖S

115o,17’383

‖E.

male 325 14.0 12.2 12.8 14.6 12.9 healthy

Penarungan

08o54’718

‖S and

115o19’698

‖E

female 250 13.8 12.4 12.0 12.4 11.1 healthy

Penarungan

08 o,54733

‖S and 115

o,19615

‖E

female 250 13.2 11.5 11.0 12.1 10.7 healthy

Pacung-Sangeh 08,49739

‖S and 115

o,21329

‖E.

female 200 12.3 9.4 10.4 12.5 11.0 healthy

Bongkasa

08o49’672

‖S and

115o23’607

‖E

female 125 11.5 10.2 10.0 11.0 9.7 healthy

Penarungan

08 o,54718

‖S and 115

o,19698

‖E

female 125 11.0 10.4 10.0 10.5 9.6 healthy

Tegal Darmasaba

08o59’519

‖S and

115o21’432

‖E

male 100 10.8 9.5 9.1 10.2 9.0 healthy

Ayunan

08o51’158

‖S and

115o20’231

‖E

male 100 10.0 9.2 8.8 9.5 8.0 healthy

Buduk

08o,60’986

‖S

115o15’564

‖E

female 95.6 10.4 9.0 8.5 9.2 8.0 healthy

Pacung-Sangeh 08

o49’739

‖S and

115o21’329

‖E.

female 85.0 10.0 9.0 9.1 9.4 7.8 healthy

Gianyar District Area Research in Gianyar District was performed in seven areas, from Belege in Blahbatuh Sub-district (08

o56’854

‖ S –

115o30’798

‖ E) to Nyuh Kuning Pengosekan in Gianyar

Sub-district at (08o52

’81.1

‖ S – 115

o25

’97.9

‖ BT).

Picture 4. Map of the Location of the Caught Soft-shalled

turtle in Gianyar District

There were 21 soft-shalled turtles caught with ±125-5,750 grams of biomass. 28.57% of the sex ratio were male, while 71.43 % were female. Morphometric measurement includes total carapace length of 11.1-38.0 cm and carapace width of 9.2-31.0 cm.

Table 5. Relation between Carapace Length and Width with Biomass of Soft-shalled turtle

Graphic of Relation Between Carapace length (cm) with weight (gr) of Soft-shalled turtle (Amyda cartilaginea) in Gianyar District.

Graphic of Relation Between Carapace width (cm) with weight (gr) of Soft-shalled turtle (Amyda cartilaginea) in Gianyar District.


Analysis result of population growth pattern of soft-shalled turtle in Gianyar District is isometric growth model for the relation between total carapace lengths with biomass. While relation between carapace width growth patterns with biomass is allometric positive, which means biomass weight gaining is faster than the gaining of body width.



Tabel 6. The Catch of Soft-shalled turtle Resource (Amyda cartilaginea) in River Area of Gianyar District, Bali




Dorsal Morphometry

(cm) Condition

PTV PP LP PC LC

Sakah 08

o56’125

‖S

115o27’208

‖E

female 5750 40.2 29.3 32.2 38.0 31.0 healthy

Mas 08

o55’150

‖S

115o27’467

‖E


Belega 08

o56’854

‖S

115o30’798

‖E

male 3560 36.1 23.2 24.9 33.6 26.1 Healthy

Buruan (southern area of Gianyar Sport Center)

08 o54’952

‖S

115o30’708

‖E


Bono 2

08 o56’091

‖S

115o30’806

‖E

female 3150 35.0 23.4 33.0 33.0 25.0 healthy

Mas 08

o55’150

‖S 115

o27’467

‖E

male 2875 31.0 22.0 24.5 28.7 23.3 healthy

Belega 08

o56’854

‖S

115o30’798

‖E

male 2850 30.2 22.5 24.0 26.6 22.8 healthy

Abianseka

08o,55’573

‖S

115o27’013

‖E

female 2470 30.5 22.0 23.8 26.5 21.1 healthy

Nyuh Kuning 08

o52

’81,1

‖S

115o25

’97,9

‖E

female 1740 28.0 19.5 20.8 26.5 21.3 healthy

Abianseka

08o55’573

‖S

115o27’013

‖E

female 1375 25.6 17.5 20.8 23.0 19.1 healthy

Bono 1

08o54’892

‖S

115o,32’019

‖E

female 1160 24.5 15.8 17.5 22.1 19.0 healthy

Bono 1

08o54’892

‖S

115o32’019

‖E

female 900 21.8 17.2 18.0 18.7 16.1 healthy

Lod Tunduh 08

o53’722

‖S

115o,25’974

‖E

male 680 19.2 13.0 15.5 18.3 15.1 healthy- fat

Lod Tunduh 08

o53’722

‖S

115o,25’974

‖E

female 625 19.0 13.0 15.0 19.1 16.0 healthy

Sakah 08

o56’125

‖S

115o27’208

‖E

male 550 17.8 13.5 12.6 16.8 14.4 healthy

Nyuh Kuning 08

o52

’81,1

‖S

115o25

’97,9

‖E

female 330 17.1 11.3 13.1 15.9 14.0 healthy

Bono 2

08o,56’091

‖S

115o,30’806

‖E

female 230 15.2 13.0 12.0 12.8 10.7 healthy

Mas 08

o,55150

‖S

115o27’467

‖E

female 226 13.0 11.5 11.2 12.4 10.6 healthy

Bono 1

08o54’892

‖S

115o32’019

‖E

female 150 12.4 9.4 10.6 10.6 8.6 healthy

Mas 08

o55’150

‖S

115o27’467

‖E

female 135 12.0 9.9 10.0 11.7 9.6 healthy- fat

Sakah 08

o56’125

‖S

115o27’208

‖E

male 125 11.8 10 10.2 11.1 9.2 healthy- fat

Tabanan District The research result in Tabanan District showed that soft-shalled turtles were caught in Yeh Penet River, Yeh Sungi River, and Yeh Empas River.

Picture 5. Map of the Location of the Caught Soft-shalled turtle in Tabanan District

There were 21 soft-shalled turtles caught with ±200-21,400 grams of biomass, with the ratio of 28.57% male and 71.43% female. They weigh 21.4 kilograms of biomass with carapace length 60.3 cm and carapace width 46.0 cm. They are categorized as mature mothers and aged more than 10 years. Morphometric measurement of soft-shalled turtle includes total carapace length 11.1-60.3 cm and carapace width 9.6-46.0 cm.




Graphic of Relation Between Carapace length (cm) with weight (gr) of Soft-shalled turtle (Amyda cartilaginea) in Tabanan District.

Graphic of Relation Between Carapace width (cm) with weight (gr) of Soft-shalled turtle (Amyda cartilaginea) in Tabanan District.


Analysis result of population growth pattern of soft-shalled turtle in Tabanan District had allometric negative growth model for the relation between total carapace lengths with weight and between carapace width and weight.

Table 8. The Catch of Soft-shalled turtle Resource (Amyda cartilaginea) in River Area of Tabanan District, Bali





PTV PP LP PC LC

DAM Pala Tiwakilang City

08.51492S 115.12920E

female 21,400 66.0 44.4 39.5 60.3 46.0 healthy

Bongan 08.55829S 115.11830E

female 5100 37.5 26.0 27.5 36.5 28.0 healthy

Kauripan Kelod 1 08.55917S 115.14281E

male 1850 28.9 18.9 20.2 26.0 21.1 healthy

Nyambu 2 Area 08.57441S 115.14152E

female 1900 29.0 19.7 21.0 26.2 20.4 healthy

Bongan 08.55829S 115.11830E

female 2750 27.5 19.3 21.3 28.7 22.5 healthy

DAM in Pala Tiwakilang City

08.51492S 115.12920E

female 2660 29.4 19.0 20.0 28.4 23.0 healthy

Kukuh Belayu 08.51168S 115.16148E

male 2850 31.3 223 24.3 29.0 26.2 healthy


female 2125 29.6 19.2 21.8 26.6 21.3 healthy

Bongan 08.55829S 115.11830E

male 2000 28.6 19.4 22.0 26.0 21.0 healthy

Kubon Tingguh Den Bantas

08.50936S 115.13808E

female 1930 28.0 19.5 21.4 27.0 25.5 healthy


08.50936S 115.13808E

female 1785 27.2 17.2 20.2 25.0 20.7 healthy

Den Bantas 08.52518S

115.13036E. female 1500 27.0 17.0 20.0 23.8 19.2 healthy


female 1350 25.8 17.5 19.2 22.9 18.4 healthy

Den Bantas 08.52518S

115.13036E. female 1000 23.2 16.4 19.0 21.5 17.0 healthy


male 820 21.3 17.3 18.1 19.7 16.4 healthy

Nyambu 1

08o57

’69.6S

115o14

’53.2E

male 625 19.0 13.0 15.0 19.4 16.0 healthy

Kukuh Belayu 08.51168S 115.16148E

female 550 18.0 13.5 12.4 16.8 14.3 healthy


08.50936S 115.13808E

male 450 17.5 14.5 12.0 16.4 13.5 healthy

Bongan

08.55829S 115.11830E

female 250 13.5 10.4 11.0 12.3 10.2 healthy

Kukuh Belayu

08.51168S 115.16148E

female 250 13.0 10.0 11.0 12.5 10.0 healthy


female 200 12.4 9.6 10.6 11.1 9.5 healthy

Klungkung District The research result in Klungkung District showed that soft-shalled turtles were caught in Selisihan area (08

o48’798

‖ S –

115o38’898

‖ E) until the area near the coast of Lepang and

surrounding. (08o56’883

‖ S – 115

o37’950

‖ E).



Picture 6. Map of the Location of the Caught Soft-shalled turtle in Klungkung District

here were caught 16 soft-shalled turtles with about ±140-4,250 grams of biomass. Based on the biomass description of soft-shalled turtle, 56.25% of the caught soft-shalled turtle were mature and weighed more than one kilogram, while the rest 43.75% were babies or teen soft-shalled turtles (in nursery)


Graphic of Relation Between Carapace length (cm) with weight (gr) of Soft-shalled turtle (Amyda cartilaginea) in Klungkung District.

Graphic of Relation Between Carapace width (cm) with weight (gr) of Soft-shalled turtle (Amyda cartilaginea) in Klungkung District.


Analysis result of ratio between carapace length with weight and carapace width with weight was allometric negative.

Tabel 10. The Catch of Soft-shalled turtle Resource (Amyda cartilaginea) in River Area of Klungkung District, Bali





PTV PP LP PC LC

Manduang Area (Tukad Yeh Kunyit)

08.52148S 115.39367E

female 4250 39.0 27.3 31.2 37.8 30.6 healthy

Selisihan Area 08.48798S

115.38898E female 3720 36.5 23.2 25.4 34.8 27.3

healthy/not disabled

Manduang Area (Tukad Yeh Kunyit)

08.52148S 115.39367E

female 3540 35.0 23.4 24.2 32.5 25.5 Healthy/

fat

Lepang Area (Tukad Bubuh)

08.56883S 115.37950E

female 2700 27.6 19.4 21.5 25.8 20.2 healthy

Aan –Manduang Area 08.51411S

115.39039E female 2640 27.5 19.0 20.6 26.2 21.3 healthy

Sangkan Buana Area 08.53317S

115.39109E female 1725 27.2 17.5 20.0 25.2 20.0 healthy


115.38898E male 1360 23.5 17.3 19.5 23.5 18.5 healthy

Penasan Tiyingan Area 08.52740S

115.38519E female 1200 23.4 17.0 19.0 22.1 18.4 Healthy

Lepang Area (Tukad Bubuh)

08.56883S 115.37950E

female 1035 23.0 16.6 19.0 21.9 17.5 Healthy

Tak Mung Area 08.55302S

115.38869E male 710 19.7 13.5 15.8 17.5 14.2 Healthy/yellowish

Penasan Tiyingan Area 08.52740S

115.38519E female 410 17.2 14.1 12.0 15.3 12.2 Healthy

Aan-Manduang Area 08.51411S

115.39039E female 305 14.5 12.2 10.8 13.4 10.3 Healthy

Tak Mung Area 08.55302S

115.38869E male 300 15.5 13.3 12.2 13.7 11.4 Healthy/fat

Sedayu Area 08.56917S

115.39418E female 250 13.0 11.5 11.2 12.4 10.6 Healthy

Sangkan Buana Area 08.53317S

115.39109E male 210 12.0 9.4 10.5 11.4 10.2 Healthy


115.38898E female 140 11.4 7.4 9.3 10.5 8.4 healthy

CONCLUSION Based on the quantitative and qualitative in ―Study on Potential and Distribution of Biological Resources of Soft-shalled turtle (Amyda cartilaginea) in Bali Regional Area, especially in Denpasar City, District of Badung, Gianyar,

Tabanan, and Klungkung (SARBAGITAKUNG), some conclusions can be drawn as follows: 1. Potential of soft-shalled turtle (Amyda cartilaginea) in

river area in Bali is still quite abundant. There were 108 soft-shalled turtles caught with various biomass weight, from 80 grams to 21,400 grams (21.4 kg).



2. Population structure of soft-shalled turtle resource in every area is quite varied, like in Denpasar, there is an abundance of soft-shalled turtle as many as 23 soft-shalled turtles with biomass ranging from 174-5,800 grams of carapace weight, carapace length 11.4- 38.0 cm, carapace width around 9.1-31.0 cm. 34.78 % of the sex ratio is male, while 65.22% is female. Growth pattern from the analysis of total carapace length–weight and analysis of total carapace width–weight is allometric negative.

3. There were caught 27 soft-shalled turtle in Badung District with biomass ranging from 85–3,900 grams, morphometric measurement includes total carapace length of about 9.4-34.2 cm and total carapace width of about 7.8-28.0 cm. Population growth pattern is allometric negative for the relation between total carapace length-biomass and allometric positive for the relation between carapace width-biomass. The sex ratio is 25.93% male and 74.07% female.

4. The similar situation found in Gianyar District. There were caught 21 soft-shalled turtles with biomass ranging from 125-5,750 grams. The sex ratio is 28.57% male and 71.43% female. Morphometric measurement includes total carapace length of 11.1-38.0 cm and carapace width 9.2-31.0 cm, with isometric growth model for the relation between total carapace length-weight and allometric negative for the relation between carapace width-weight.

5. There were caught 21 soft-shalled turtles in Tabanan District with biomass ranging from 200-21,400 grams. The sex ratio is 28.57% male and 71.43% female. Morphometric measurement of soft-shalled turtle caught in Tabanan includes total carapace length of 11.1-60.3 cm and carapace width 9.5-46.0 cm, with allometric negative growth model for the relation between total carapace length and weight and for the relation between carapace width and weight.

6. There were caught 16 soft-shalled turtles in Klungkung District with biomass ranging from 140-4,250 grams. The sex ratio is 18.75% male and 81.25 female. Morphometric description includes carapace length ranging from 10.5 to 37.8 cm, carapace width ranging from 8.4 to 30.6 cm, plastron length from 7.4 to 27.3 cm, plastron width from 9.3 to 31.2 cm and total ventral length between 11.4 and 39.0 cm. Growth pattern from ratio analysis of carapace length-weight and carapace width-weight has an allometric negative value.

7. The distribution (dispersion) of soft-shalled turtle (Amyda cartilaginea) resources is uneven in some fishing ground. GIS analysis result showed that centralization happened only on some areas, especially in Klungkung District, soft-shalled turtles were dominantly caught in the upstream of Tukad/Yeh Jinah river (Selisihan Area, Mangduang, Aan and Penasan). In Denpasar, it was concentrated in the area of Kedue, Penatih, Muding Padang Sambian and Medui area. This centralization was much related to the condition and the quality of aquatic environment as the habitat of soft-shalled turtle, availability of food sources, whether from plant-based source, animals or waste source which flowed to the river body.

Recommendations Based on some constraints and problems occurred in the research process and some research substances that was in urgent need of solving and strategic to do, therefore some recommendations are defined as follows: On the similar research, it would be better to consider the season, especially the rainy season. Rainy season or when the rainfall is higher happened in August, September, and October 2016. It had a negative impact on effectiveness, efficiency, comfort and security, and data collection validity. Since the large flow discharge, excessive flooding occurred causing habitat destruction, loss of sampling equipments (bubu and rod) during the flood. Comfort and security of facilities, infrastructure and personnel in a high risk work. Extra cost needed to repay the equipment so that the researcher could represent the research planning completely. Evaluation result of sampling equipments effectiveness, especially rattan trap/bubu, that it needed some modification on the entry size (playah) so that small sized to teen soft-shalled turtle could easily crawl into the trap. While the hook size 4-6 of the rod was too big for the baby and teen soft-shalled turtles since their mouths could not reach it. Therefore, there were almost nothing caught with pole rod with that size.

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study of the potential and distribution of soft shalled ... · north penajam paser (iverson, 1992...

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