study of effects of different profiles of dental …

Journal of Analysis and Computation (JAC) (An International Peer Reviewed Journal), www.ijaconline.com, ISSN 0973-2861

Volume XV, Issue V, May 2021

Shubham A. Andore, Ashish R. Pawar, P. N. Abhyankar 1

STUDY OF EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT PROFILES OF DENTAL

IMPLANT USING FEA

Shubham A. Andore1, Ashish R. Pawar2, P. N. Abhyankar3 1PG Scholar, 2Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, ABMSP’s Anantrao Pawar

College of Engineering & Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India

ABSTRACT

Dental implants constitute a well-established approach for substitute of lost teeth with titanium being the

most preferential material for implantation. However, titanium has its confines in esthetically demanding

cases and neither the form non material of such implants has changed much over the past 40 years.

Immediate implantation is used to overcome the disadvantages of conventional implantation which in turn

has many disadvantages owing to the incongruence of the implant to the extraction socket. The commonly

used method for testing of new implant prosthesis is in vitro which involves direct involvement of human.

But use of modern techniques can help one

Keywords – Dental Implant, Prosthesis.

[1] INTRODUCTION

A dental implant as a screw type biomaterial is a functional load transfer structure to substitute for

lost or partially damaged teeth. Natural teeth consist of the crown and the root. The crown is the visible

section that is covered with white enamel. Supporting the crown is the tooth root which extends into

the jawbone. The root is the part of the tooth that is effectively replaced by an implant. There are

commonly three parts to what is described as an implant - the implant device itself (which is inserted

directly into the bone); the abutment - the piece that connects the implant device to the third part - the

overlying crown or denture. Today's implants are predominantly made of titanium, a metal that is bio-

compatible and offers strength and durability as well as a unique property of fusing directly to bone -

the process known as osseointegration. Other materials, such as zirconium, might be used to make

implants in the future. But for now, these materials have not been perfected for general use. Dental

implants work by a process known as osseointegration, which occurs when bone cells attach

themselves directly to the titanium surface, essentially locking the implant into the jaw bone. This

process was first discovered by a Swedish researcher, Per-Ingvar Brånemark, in the 1960's. Placing

dental implants into the jaw bones by controlled surgical procedures allow them to "osseointegrate."

STUDY OF EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT PROFILES OF DENTAL IMPLANT USING FEA


Figure 1 Dental Implant

Osseointegrated implants can then be used to support prosthetic tooth replacements of various designs

and functionality, replacing anything from a single missing tooth to a full arch (all teeth in the upper

and lower jaw). These replacement teeth are usually made to match the natural enamel color of each

patient which offers a completely natural appearance and a whole new smile.

Figure 2 Structure of dental implant

Because implants fuse to your jawbone, they provide stable support for artificial teeth.

Dentures and bridges mounted to implants won't slip or shift in your mouth — an especially important

benefit when eating and speaking. This secure fit helps the dentures and bridges — as well as

individual crowns placed over implants — feel more natural than conventional bridges or dentures.

For some people, ordinary bridges and dentures are simply not comfortable or even possible, due to

sore spots, poor ridges or gagging. In addition, ordinary bridges must be attached to teeth on either

http://www.colgate.com/app/CP/US/EN/OC/Information/Glossary/Bridges.cvsp

http://www.colgate.com/app/CP/US/EN/OC/Information/Glossary/Crowns.cvsp




side of the space left by the missing tooth. An advantage of implants is that no adjacent teeth need to

be prepared or ground down to hold your new replacement tooth/teeth in place. To receive implants,

you need to have healthy gums and adequate bone to support the implant.

The American Dental Association considers two types of implants to be safe. They are as follows-

Endosteal implants — these are surgically implanted directly into the jawbone. Once the surrounding

gum tissue has healed, a second surgery is needed to connect a post to the original implant. Finally,

an artificial tooth (or teeth) is attached to the post-individually, or grouped on a bridge or denture.

Subperiosteal implants — these consist of a metal frame that is fitted onto the jawbone just below the

gum tissue. As the gums heal, the frame becomes fixed to the jawbone. Posts, which are attached to

the frame, protrude through the gums. As with endosteal implants, artificial teeth are then mounted to

the posts.

Lucie Himmlova´, MD, PhD,a Tat’jana Dosta´lova´, MD, PhD,b Alois Ka´covsky´,c and Svatava

Konvic˘kova´, PhDd proposed that an increase in the implant diameter decreased the maximum von

Misses equivalent stress around the implant neck more than an increase in the implant length in the

paper of title Influence of implant length and diameter on stress distribution: A finite element

analysis.( Institute of Dental Research and Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic).

T. Li, L. Kong, Y. Wang, K. Hu, L. Song, B. Liu, D. Li, J. Shao, Y. Ding, stated results indicate that

in type IV bone, implant length is more crucial in reducing bone stress and enhancing the stability of

implant abutment complex than implant diameter in the paper titled Selection of optimal dental

implant diameter and length in type IV bone: a three-dimensional finite element analysis. (Int. J. Oral

Maxillofac. Surg. 2019; 38: 1077–1083.)

M. Sevimay, DDS, PhD,a F. Turhan, DDS,b M. A. Kilicxarslan, PhD,c and G. Eskitascioglu, DDS,

PhDd ,studied for the bone qualities investigated, stress concentrations in compact bone followed the

same distributions as in the D3 bone model, but because the trabecular bone was weaker and less

resistant to deformation than the other bone qualities modeled, the stress magnitudes were greatest for

D3 and D4 bone in the paper which has title Three-dimensional finite element analysis of the effect

of different bone quality on stress distribution in an implant-supported crown.(J Prosthet Dent

2015;93:227-34)

CHUN-LI LIN, YU-CHAN KUO, TING-SHENG LIN explains that, highest cancellous bony strains

were observed for short implant because of the load were transmitted from smaller contact areas

between implant fixture and cancellous bone in EFFECTS OF DENTAL IMPLANT LENGTH AND

BONE QUALITY ON BIOMECHANICAL RESPONSES IN BONE AROUND IMPLANTS: A 3-

D NON-LINEAR FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS. (Biomed Eng Appl Basis Comm,

2005(February); 17: 44-49.)

Falah A. Hussein1, Kareem N.Salloomi, Besaran Y. Abdulrahman, Al-Zahawi, Laith A. Sabri

concluded that the simulation results indicate that all models have the same von Misses stress

distribution pattern and higher peak von Misses stresses of the cortical bone were seen in tapered

implant body in contrast to the cylindrical body in paper titled as Effect of thread depth and implant

shape on stress distribution in anterior and posterior regions of mandible bone: A finite element

http://www.colgate.com/app/CP/US/EN/OC/Information/Glossary/Tooth.cvsp



analysis. (Article in Dental Research Journal · April 2019)

Won Hyeon Kim, Jae-Chang Lee, Dohyung Lim, Young-Ku Heo Eun-Sung Song, Young-Jun Lim

and Bongju Kim found that analyses suggest that the optimized design (IS-III), which has a bigger

bone volume without loss

of initial fixation, may minimize the bone damage during fixture insertion and we expect greater

eectiveness in older patients in paper of Optimized Dental Implant Fixture Design for the Desirable

Stress Distribution in the Surrounding Bone Region: A Biomechanical

Analysis.(www.mdpi.com/journal/materials)

Luigi Paracchini , Christian Barbieri , Mattia Redaelli , Domenico Di Croce,Corrado Vincenzi and

Renzo Guarnieri stated that, within the limitation of the present study, analyses suggest that the new

dental implant design may minimize the transfer of stress to the peri-implant cortical bone in paper

Finite Element Analysis of a New Dental Implant Design Optimized for the Desirable Stress

Distribution in the Surrounding Bone Region. .(www.mdpi.com/journal/materials)

Influence of Implant Length and Diameter on Stress Distribution: A Finite Element Analysis, from

this paper it was noted that change in diameter of an implant causes change in behavior of the implant.

Also this paper suggest to use the finite element analysis for studying the implant behavior.

Summary of literature review:

From the above literature reviewed it is observed that finite element analysis helps in designing the

basic parameters of the dental implant. From the papers the loading conditions were decided to use

for this dissertation work. The material properties required for bone is noted down from the paper

published by T. Li, L. Kong et al.. The use of numerical analysis helps in designing the model of

implant was explained by From the literature review it is observed that size and shape of the implant

can affect the life of the prosthetic implant. The behaviour of the implant depends on various

parameters. One can conclude from the literature reviewed that even the profile of the screw on

implant can affect the service life and behavior of the implant.

[2] PROBLEM STATEMENT

Dental implants can be said as foreign body, hence it is necessary to find that it will not cause harm

to the other teeth. From the literature reviewed it has been observed that stress concentration occurs

primarily where bone is in contact with the implant. Implants have different diameters and different

number of screw threads which are generally selected by the clinician on his/her experience. But a

detailed study is required for deciding the optimum diameter the implant. From literature review one

can note there are no analytical calculations for such complex problems while experimental approach

may have errors in them. The advanced numerical techniques like FEA help to tackle such complex

problems.

[3] OBJECTIVES

To study the effect of different profiles of Dental Implant

Screw shaped ordinary implant

Implant with conical profile




Implant with curved profile

Implant with tapered diameter

[4] METHODOLOGY

It is necessary to select a proper methodology for any research work. Experimental approach

along with numerical approach gives verified results. In this dissertation work the experimental

analysis will be done and results will be verified using the advanced numerical method like finite

element analysis. Once the results of finite element analysis are verified one can modify the

parameters and find the results.

Literature survey is done initially to find the scope for work and objective is finalized. The

problem is defined and methodology is selected. The prototype of an implant is tested for varying load

and deformation is calculated. A 3D model of implant under test is simulated using finite element

method and deflection is calculated. The results are verified and changes made in the diameter and

profile of the implant to check their effect on the bone.

Create a 3D CAD model of various dental implant profile

Create Finite Element model of dental implant

Perform FE analysis of implants with different profile

Post Processing

Validation of FEA results from experimentation



[5] Optimization of the Implant using finite element method (CAD & CAE)

It was observed that results from finite element analysis and experimentation are validated. Hence one

can use various results from finite element analysis for optimization. In this chapter different types of

profiles and diameters are discussed.

Parameters for analysis:

A. Screw shaped ordinary implant

The ordinary screw shaped implant is selected for analysis. This most commonly used type of dental

implant. The material properties for implant and bone are selected from paper. The load applied on

the top is selected from the paper.

Figure 3 Sectional view of implant for load case 01

Following are the parameters selected for load case 01:

Diameter = 4 mm, Profile = threaded, Height = 6mm

Figure 4 Geometry of implant number 01

The commercial finite element analysis software ANSYS was used for solving this problem. The

geometry was imported and meshed in software. The load is applied as shown in figure 5

The implant is subjected to pure axial loading. The analytical approach can help to find the axial

deformation but the empirical relations can be find deformation of the implant along with bone.

The material properties for implant were selected from the implant manufacturer. For analysis material

behaviour of the implant is considered to be homogenous, isotropic and linearly elastic. The material

for bone is considered as selected from paper published by Chun-Li lun et al.

Table 01: Material properties

Material Property Titanium Alloy Cancellous Bone

Modulus of Elasticity

(MPa) 110000 0.1E3 to 2E3

Poison’s Ratio 0.35 0.3

Yield stress (MPa) 936 100

Figure 5 Loading conditions for load case 01

The results were plotted down. The maximum stresses and the deformation are noted down. For load

case 01 it was observed that deformation of implant is maximum at the crown seat. In this analysis

the load is directly applied on the crown seat. The bone density considered for this analysis is of type

04.

The material properties considered throughout the analysis are linear in behaviour. The contact in

between the implant and bone is considered to be of standard behaviour. For meshing solid 186

element type which is tetrahedron in shape are used.

From the stress plot for load case 01 it is observed that region around the crown cap are subjected to

maximum stress value. Also it is observed that stresses around the profile connection.



Figure 6 Deformation of the implant Figure 7 Von-Misses stress in implant

B. Implant with conical profile

Figure 8 Implant CAD model Figure 9 Implant Draft model


Diameter = 4 mm, Profile = V- grooved, Height = 9 mm

Figure 10 Total deformation of load case 02 Figure 11 Von-Misses stress of load case 02

The profile used for load case 02 has V-groves over its periphery. The material properties used were

same as that for load case 01. The magnitude of load applied is kept same.

It is observed that deformation increased as compared to that from load case 02. The stresses near the

interfacing of the implant and bone are higher than load case 01. Also the sharp edges cause high

stress regions at trough and crust side of the implant. Hence this type of implant cannot be used as

prosthetic implant.

C. Load Case 03 : implant with curved profile

Figure 12 Geometry of load case 03


Diameter = 4.15 mm, Profile = groves with curved profile, Height = 9 mm



Figure 13 Deformation of load case 03 Figure 14 Von-Misses stress of load case 03

In this load case03 the profile for implant has groves similar to load case 02 but the sharp edges are

given with a fillet. The effect of these fillets on the troughs reduced the stresses at interfacing of

implant and bone. Also the deformation is reduced as compared to that of load case 02 and 01.

D. Load case 04 : implant with tapered diameter :

Figure 15 Geometry of load case 04

Figure 16 Total deformation of load case 04 Figure 17 Von-Misses stress of load case 04

In load case 04 the profile was complete changed from previous design. The implant has simple groves

and it has tapered profile. The results showed that load case 04 has less deformation along with less

stresses at interfacing of implant and bone. Also the installation of this implant is easy as compared

to that of standard designed implant.

[6] Conclusion and Future Work

The results from finite elements for bone and dental implant are plotted above. The discussion on

results is done below.

Table no 2: Results from finite element analysis

From above four load cases it can be observed that load case 04 having tapered diameter showed less

stress in the implant as well as the region of contact with the cancellous bone. It was also observed

that the strain for load case is less as compared with others. Hence the optimum profile selected forms

the above load cases 04.

Equivalent stress

(MPa)

Deformation (mm)

Load case 01 38.569 0.0047811

Load case 02 39.233 0.0038013

Load case 03 38.843 0.0037759

Load case 04 37.39 0.0037942



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