study of cognitive deficits & depression in adults with down syndrome surekha reddy
TRANSCRIPT
THIS CHILD WAS BORN WITH DOWN SYNDROME
Down Syndrome is a Chromosomal Disorder and is theMost common cause of Mental Retardation and Malformationin a new born.
DOWN SYNDROME IS NOT A DISEASE AND IT CANNOT BE CURED
Physical Characteristics of Down Syndrome
There are certain physical characteristics which are common in Down Syndrome. These appear in about 80% of all cases.
1. The eyes have an upward andoutward slant.
2. There is a fold of the skin on the inner side of the eye (epicanthal folds)
3. The face has a flat appearance
DOWN SYNDROME IS NOT A DISEASE AND IT CANNOT BE CURED
Physical Characteristics of Down Syndrome
There are certain physical characteristics which are common in Down Syndrome. These appear in about 80% of all cases.
4. The head is smaller than average
5. The ears are smaller and lower – set
6. The mouth is small and the lips are thin which leads to the tongue sticking out as the inside of the mouth is smaller.
7. The neck appear short.
8. The hands are broad and flat with short fingers and there is a
single crease across the palm the feet are broad with short toes
and there is a larger space than normal between the big toe
and the other toes.
Cont….
THE CHILD MAY ALSO HAVE
SPEECH AND ARTICULATE PROBLEMS
UPPER RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS
HEARING PROBLEMS
THYROID DEFICIENCY
Aim
To findout the level of depression of Down syndrome individuals and their mothers and its impact on cognitive and adaptive behaviour.
Objectives
To develop the depression rating scale and assess the level of depression of Down syndrome.
To assess the cognitive function of the Down syndrome individuals.
To find out the relationship between cognitive functions and level of depression of the Down syndrome individuals.
To find out the impact of demographic variables on level of depression among the syndrome individuals.
To examine the relationship of the family support and level of depression among the Down syndrome individuals.
To find out the level of depression of the mothers of persons with Down syndrome.
HYPOTHESIS
Hypothesis 1. There will be significant difference in the level of cognitive functions between male and female Down syndrome individuals.
Hypothesis 2. There will be significant difference in the level of depression between male and female Down syndrome individuals.
Contd…
Hypothesis 3. There will be significant difference in the level of depression between the Down syndrome individuals living in Joint and Nuclear family.
Hypothesis 4. There will be significant relationship between the cognitive function and the depression of the Down syndrome individuals
Contd…..
Hypothesis 5. There will be significant difference in the level of depression between Down syndrome individuals belong to different socio economic status.
Hypothesis 6. There would be significant difference in the level of depression among the different age groups of mothers of the children with Down syndrome.
METHOD OF INVESTIGATION
Sampling Design: Purposive sampling technique is used to collect the data.
Research Design: This is study is cross sectional explorative in nature.
SAMPLING PROCEDURE
Special School
Initial screening by Neuropsychiatries
Interview with parents
Selection of samples
Tools used for the study
Down syndrome Depression Rating Scale Surekha Reddy 2006
Wechsler Adult Performance Intelligence Scale (WAPIS-PR)
Prabha Ramalinga Swami (Adapted
Vineland Social Maturity Scale Edward adoll adapted 1974
Family Assessment Device (FAD) Epstein et al 1983
Depression Inventory Beck revised 1971
Table No.1 Shows N, Mean, S. D, and ‘t’ Value for level of cognitive functions of the male and female
down syndrome individuals.
Group N Mean S.D ‘t’ Value Level of Significance
Female 35 47.04 7.04
1.32
Not significant
Male 45 49.02 7.88
Table No.2 Shows the correlation between the cognitive functions and level of Depression
Variable N ‘r’ Level of Significance
Intelligence
80 0.72 0.01
Depression
Table No.3 Shows the N, Mean, S.D, and ‘t’ value of level of Depression between Male and
Female individuals v
Group N Mean S.D ‘t’ Value Level of Significance
Female 35 47.07 6.21
3.53 0.01
Male 45 51.49 6.23
Table No.4 Shows N, mean, S.D, and ‘t’ value for level of depression of individuals with Down
syndrome living in different family type
Group N Mean S.D ‘t’ Value Level of Significance
Joint 15 38.74 9.10
5.22 0.01
Nuclear 65 49.60 4.15
Table No.5Showing the analyses of variance of the level of depression among with the
different age groups of mothers of the children with Down syndrome
Source Variation
Sum of Squares
df Mean Square
F Level of Significance
Treatments 266.107 3 88.702
2.98 0.05Within Treatments
2848.402
96 26.670
Total 3114.51 99
Table No.6Shows mean, S.D, and ‘t’ level of depression between Down syndrome individual
belong to different socio economic status
Group N Mean S.D ‘t’ Value Level of significance
HM 20 40.10 6.06
6.73 0.01UMI 60 49.33 6.70
Findings
1. There was no significant difference in the level of cognitive functions between male and female DSI
2. There was a significant relationship between intelligence and depression
3. There was significant difference in the level of Depression between male and female DSI
Contd…
4. There was significant difference in the level of Depression between the Down syndrome individuals. living in joint and nuclear family
5. There was significant difference in the level of Depression among the difference age groups of mothers of Down syndrome individuals
6. There was significant difference in the level of Depression between the Down syndrome individuals belong to different socio economic status
Conclusion
The adults with Down syndrome suffer cognitive deficits and also have early onset of depression.
The mothers of the children with Down syndrome also suffer from psychological problems.
Limitations of the Study
1. Time factor was constrain the study
2. The study has been restricted only on adults with Down syndrome.
3. Counseling the parents was difficult and time consuming
Implications and Suggestions
The present study found certain relationship between cognitive and psychological problems; this provides an insight and awareness to understand the problems adults with Down syndrome are going through.
This awareness will be helpful for the teachers, special educators, social workers, Rehabilitative Psychologists and parents to start a comprehensive intervention at an early stage.