study guide chapter 8 1. explain the difference between climate and weather. 2. describe the two...
Post on 20-Dec-2015
220 views
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Study Guide Chapter 8 1. Explain the difference between climate and weather. 2. Describe the two atmospheric elements used in determining the Koppen classification](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d415503460f94a1b7bc/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Study Guide Chapter 8
1. Explain the difference between climate and weather.2. Describe the two atmospheric elements used in
determining the Koppen classification system. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the Koppen system.
3. According to the Koppen classification system describe a “A”, “B”"C", “D”, “E”, and “H” climate
4. Describe the function of a climograph.5. Using a climograph identify the name of the area, the
Koppen classification, latitude, longitude, average temperature for one year, average temperature for each month in degrees Celsius and Fahrenheit, precipitation for each month in inches and centimeters.
6. Distinguish between empirical and genetic classification.
![Page 2: Study Guide Chapter 8 1. Explain the difference between climate and weather. 2. Describe the two atmospheric elements used in determining the Koppen classification](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d415503460f94a1b7bc/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Study Guide Continued
7. What five items affect climate? Briefly explain each item.
8. Explain what the greenhouse effect is. What gases are involved. What is the most important greenhouse gas. 9. What are some possible effects of the global warming.
10. What is the difference between the greenhouse effect and global warming?
![Page 3: Study Guide Chapter 8 1. Explain the difference between climate and weather. 2. Describe the two atmospheric elements used in determining the Koppen classification](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d415503460f94a1b7bc/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Weather are short term measurements taken for a specific time and specific area.Climate is a collection of weather data for a long period of time.
![Page 4: Study Guide Chapter 8 1. Explain the difference between climate and weather. 2. Describe the two atmospheric elements used in determining the Koppen classification](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d415503460f94a1b7bc/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Causes of Climate Change
a. Astronomical variation in the earth’s orbit-Milankovitch’s predictions-glacial cycles
b. Eccentricity cycle-ellipse to circular (100,000 year cycle) shape of orbit
c. Obliquity cycle-tilt varies-41,000 yeard. Precession cycle-time of perihelion 21,000
years
![Page 5: Study Guide Chapter 8 1. Explain the difference between climate and weather. 2. Describe the two atmospheric elements used in determining the Koppen classification](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d415503460f94a1b7bc/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Fig. 8-19, p. 222
![Page 6: Study Guide Chapter 8 1. Explain the difference between climate and weather. 2. Describe the two atmospheric elements used in determining the Koppen classification](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d415503460f94a1b7bc/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Fig. 8-19b, p. 222
![Page 7: Study Guide Chapter 8 1. Explain the difference between climate and weather. 2. Describe the two atmospheric elements used in determining the Koppen classification](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d415503460f94a1b7bc/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Changes in climate
Changes in output of solar energy or transparency of outer space-11 year sunspot cycle
![Page 8: Study Guide Chapter 8 1. Explain the difference between climate and weather. 2. Describe the two atmospheric elements used in determining the Koppen classification](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d415503460f94a1b7bc/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Causes of climate change
• Humans
• Natural changes- volcano
![Page 9: Study Guide Chapter 8 1. Explain the difference between climate and weather. 2. Describe the two atmospheric elements used in determining the Koppen classification](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d415503460f94a1b7bc/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Causes of climate change
• Changes in ocean-salinity, hot, cold water-glaciers
• Changes in landmasses-continents in polar region- more glaciers-
![Page 10: Study Guide Chapter 8 1. Explain the difference between climate and weather. 2. Describe the two atmospheric elements used in determining the Koppen classification](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d415503460f94a1b7bc/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Fig. 8-15, p. 216
![Page 11: Study Guide Chapter 8 1. Explain the difference between climate and weather. 2. Describe the two atmospheric elements used in determining the Koppen classification](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d415503460f94a1b7bc/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Koppen classification
• E=Polar
• B=dry,arid, semiarid
• C= Humid Mesothermal (mild winter)
• D=Humid Microthermal (severe winter) _
• A=Humid tropical climates
• H=Highlands
![Page 12: Study Guide Chapter 8 1. Explain the difference between climate and weather. 2. Describe the two atmospheric elements used in determining the Koppen classification](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d415503460f94a1b7bc/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The Koppen classification system precipitation and temperature.
![Page 13: Study Guide Chapter 8 1. Explain the difference between climate and weather. 2. Describe the two atmospheric elements used in determining the Koppen classification](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d415503460f94a1b7bc/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Pg. 230 E and B climate
![Page 14: Study Guide Chapter 8 1. Explain the difference between climate and weather. 2. Describe the two atmospheric elements used in determining the Koppen classification](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d415503460f94a1b7bc/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Fig. 8-CO, p. 204
E=Polar
![Page 15: Study Guide Chapter 8 1. Explain the difference between climate and weather. 2. Describe the two atmospheric elements used in determining the Koppen classification](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d415503460f94a1b7bc/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Fig. 9-18, p. 252
Arid/SemiaridB
![Page 16: Study Guide Chapter 8 1. Explain the difference between climate and weather. 2. Describe the two atmospheric elements used in determining the Koppen classification](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d415503460f94a1b7bc/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Fig. 9-14
![Page 17: Study Guide Chapter 8 1. Explain the difference between climate and weather. 2. Describe the two atmospheric elements used in determining the Koppen classification](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d415503460f94a1b7bc/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Fig. 9-15b, p. 249
![Page 18: Study Guide Chapter 8 1. Explain the difference between climate and weather. 2. Describe the two atmospheric elements used in determining the Koppen classification](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d415503460f94a1b7bc/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Fig. 9-20b, p. 253
![Page 19: Study Guide Chapter 8 1. Explain the difference between climate and weather. 2. Describe the two atmospheric elements used in determining the Koppen classification](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d415503460f94a1b7bc/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
pg. 231C and D climate
![Page 20: Study Guide Chapter 8 1. Explain the difference between climate and weather. 2. Describe the two atmospheric elements used in determining the Koppen classification](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d415503460f94a1b7bc/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Fig. 10-3, p. 261
C= Mild winter
![Page 21: Study Guide Chapter 8 1. Explain the difference between climate and weather. 2. Describe the two atmospheric elements used in determining the Koppen classification](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d415503460f94a1b7bc/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Fig. 10.1Fig 10.1Fig. 10.1
![Page 22: Study Guide Chapter 8 1. Explain the difference between climate and weather. 2. Describe the two atmospheric elements used in determining the Koppen classification](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d415503460f94a1b7bc/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Climograph
![Page 23: Study Guide Chapter 8 1. Explain the difference between climate and weather. 2. Describe the two atmospheric elements used in determining the Koppen classification](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d415503460f94a1b7bc/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Fig. 10-19, p. 274
D=Severe winter
![Page 24: Study Guide Chapter 8 1. Explain the difference between climate and weather. 2. Describe the two atmospheric elements used in determining the Koppen classification](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d415503460f94a1b7bc/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Fig. 10-11b, p. 266
![Page 25: Study Guide Chapter 8 1. Explain the difference between climate and weather. 2. Describe the two atmospheric elements used in determining the Koppen classification](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d415503460f94a1b7bc/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Fig. 10-16
![Page 26: Study Guide Chapter 8 1. Explain the difference between climate and weather. 2. Describe the two atmospheric elements used in determining the Koppen classification](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d415503460f94a1b7bc/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Pg. 231 A climate
![Page 27: Study Guide Chapter 8 1. Explain the difference between climate and weather. 2. Describe the two atmospheric elements used in determining the Koppen classification](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d415503460f94a1b7bc/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Fig. 9-CO, p. 234
A=Tropical
![Page 28: Study Guide Chapter 8 1. Explain the difference between climate and weather. 2. Describe the two atmospheric elements used in determining the Koppen classification](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d415503460f94a1b7bc/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Fig. 9-5
![Page 29: Study Guide Chapter 8 1. Explain the difference between climate and weather. 2. Describe the two atmospheric elements used in determining the Koppen classification](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d415503460f94a1b7bc/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Fig. 9-3b, p. 239
![Page 30: Study Guide Chapter 8 1. Explain the difference between climate and weather. 2. Describe the two atmospheric elements used in determining the Koppen classification](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d415503460f94a1b7bc/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Fig. 9-8a, p. 243
![Page 31: Study Guide Chapter 8 1. Explain the difference between climate and weather. 2. Describe the two atmospheric elements used in determining the Koppen classification](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d415503460f94a1b7bc/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Fig. 9-9a, p. 244
Am- Tropical monsoon
![Page 32: Study Guide Chapter 8 1. Explain the difference between climate and weather. 2. Describe the two atmospheric elements used in determining the Koppen classification](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d415503460f94a1b7bc/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Fig. 9-10a, p. 245
![Page 33: Study Guide Chapter 8 1. Explain the difference between climate and weather. 2. Describe the two atmospheric elements used in determining the Koppen classification](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d415503460f94a1b7bc/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Fig. 9-13, p. 246
Aw- Tropical Savannah
![Page 34: Study Guide Chapter 8 1. Explain the difference between climate and weather. 2. Describe the two atmospheric elements used in determining the Koppen classification](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d415503460f94a1b7bc/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Fig. 8-14, p. 215
HighlandsH
![Page 35: Study Guide Chapter 8 1. Explain the difference between climate and weather. 2. Describe the two atmospheric elements used in determining the Koppen classification](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d415503460f94a1b7bc/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Every Temp <10 CYes E
Yearly
Precip. <89 cm. Yes B
No
No
Every Temp>18 C
Yes
A
Koppen Classification
Continued nextpage
![Page 36: Study Guide Chapter 8 1. Explain the difference between climate and weather. 2. Describe the two atmospheric elements used in determining the Koppen classification](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d415503460f94a1b7bc/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
No
Koppen Classification
One Temp<-3 C Yes D
No
C
![Page 37: Study Guide Chapter 8 1. Explain the difference between climate and weather. 2. Describe the two atmospheric elements used in determining the Koppen classification](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d415503460f94a1b7bc/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
B climate
• Greenhouse effect is a natural phenomena on earth. Global warming is the belief that human activities are influencing global climate.
• Determine if you need to use even distribution, summer concentration, or winter concentration graph. (Graph 1)
• Summer concentration- 70% of precipitation occurs from April-September
• Winter concentration- 70% of rain occurs from October-March.
• Even distribution- Does not fit summer or winter concentration
![Page 38: Study Guide Chapter 8 1. Explain the difference between climate and weather. 2. Describe the two atmospheric elements used in determining the Koppen classification](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d415503460f94a1b7bc/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
The Koppen system classifies based on three letters. Each letter indicates certain precipitation and temperature values. First letter flow chartSecond and third Appendix.