ｐで

IＳｓＮＯ９１２－２２０６

StudiesinEgyptianCulture

NOo８

Non-Des伽ctivePyramidIwestigaiion(2)

ｌ９８８

ＷＡＳＥＤＡＵＮＩＶＥＲＳＩＴＹ

ＴＯＫＹＯ－JＡＰＡＮ

oｂ

StudiesinEgyptianCulture

No、８

Non-DestructivePyramidInvestigation(2)

by

SakujiYOSHIMURA

（EgyptianArchaeology）

ＴａｋｅｓｈｉＮＡＫＡＧＡＷＡ

(Architecture，Ｄｒ.）

ShojiTONOUCHI

(Geophygics，Ｄｒ.）

ｌ９８８

ＷＡＳＥＤＡＵＮＩＶＥＲＳＩＴＹ

ＴＯＫＹＯ－JＡＰＡＮ

EditorialBoard

KiyohikoSakurai≦

SakujiYoshimura

JiroKondo

lzumiHarigai

KeikoHirabayashi

YumiTakahashi

Cooperators

WataruMatsumoto

HiroyukiAbe

ReikoFujita

YasukoSuwa

Copyrightholder：

WasedaUniversityEgyptianCuItureCenter

l-6-1NishiwasedaShinjuku-kuTokyo,JAPAN

1988WasedaUniversity

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MicroscopicphotographofthesandsampledfromthesouthofGreatPyramid

MicroscopicphotographofthesandsampledfromthewesternterraceofGreatSphinx

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Ｐｌ、１１

LＩＳＴＯＦＰＬＡＴＥＳ

FＯＲＷＡＲＤ

Oneyearhasalreadypassedsincewe，WasedaUniversityPyramidlnvestigationMission

conductedtheinvestigationintheGizaPlateau、 Theinvestigationswereconductedtwice，in

JanuaryandSeptember，1987.ThisPyramidProjectiscomingfrominvestigationsthatwere

conductedeveryyearatLuxorsincethefirstgeneralsurveyinEgyptinl966．Infact,wewould

andcouldneverthoughtofinvestigatingthepyramid，ｉｆｗｅｄｉｄｎｏｔｈａｖｅｔｈｅａｃｈｉｅｖｅｍｅｎｔｓｏf

investigationsfortwentyyears、 Ｗｅ,Japanese,startedtheinvestigationofthepyramidbehind

EuropeandtheUnitedStatesbyahundredormoreyears、 However，Ihopethatitmightbe

possibleforustomakecleartheJapaneseculture,whichisatypicalmixedone,throughknowingthe

Egyptianculture LateProfessorKiichiKawamura,whowasourpioneer,andwhodiedtenyears

ago,intendedtogetahintforthinkingovertheoriginoftheJapanesecivilizationbyexploringthe

originoftheEgyptiancivilization・ Ｎｏｗ,Iintendtorecognizethepatternofourculturethrough

theancientEgyptianculture

AlthoughweJapanesestartedlateintheexplorationoftheEgyptianculturewiththe

conventionalapproach，ｗｅｎｏｗｒａｎｋｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄｉｎｔｈｅｓｃｉｅntifictechnologythatthemodern

civilizationprovides． Ｉｔｉｓｏｕｒｍｅｔｈｏｄｔｏｍａｋｅｃｌｅａｒｔｈｅａｎｃｉentculturewithsuch

technologies， Conventionally，itissaidthatarchaeologycannotbeattainedwithout

excavation・ Ｏｎｅｏｆｏｕｒｉｎｔｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅｐｙｒａｍｉｄｓｕｒｖeyistoapplysuchtechnologiestoarchaeology

aswellastospaceandthｅｄｅｅｐｓｅａ ＷｅｈａｖｅｒｅａｃｈedourCTscannerbyanelectromagneｔｉｃ

ｗａｖｅ Ｗｅａｒｅｓｔｉｌｌｅｎｇａｇｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｄevelopmentofequipmentandtheinnovationoftechnologywith

allourknowledgeandenergy、 ThedevelopedequipmentistestediｎＪａｐａｎｆｏｒａｌｏｎｇｐｅｒｉｏｄｏｆ

ｔｉｍｅａｎｄｔhensenttoEgypt．Therefore,thisrequiresanintervalofsixmonthsattheshortest，

sometimesoneyear、 WethinkofthepyramidprojectastakinglOto20years,andbelievethatall

willbeclarifiedHowever，wedonotintendtoconducttreasurehuntingbyusmgthehigh

technology・ Oursurveyhasawiderobjective， Itintendstoeventuallygraspthelayoutofthe

pyramids，mastabasandtemplesscatteredattheGizaPlateau,ｔｏｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｙｔｈａｔｉｔｗａｓｐｌａｎｎｅｄａｓａ

ｎecropolis,andtoknowthelivingandthelifeofthepyramiderafromitsculturalbackgroundandthe

religiousaspects・

Oursurveyhasjuststarted．Althoughviewsfromvariousstandpointsmayarise,the

cultureandthescholarshipshouldbepure，andshouldbeapartfromtheprofit-and-loss

calculation・ Ｗｅｓｈｏｕｌｄｎｅｖｅｒａｌｌｏｗａｎａｔｔｅｍｐｔｔｏｄeterminethescholarshipandtheculture

particularlyfromapoliticalviewpointorintention， Ｂａｓｅｄｏｎｔhisviewpoint,wewishtoattaina

goodinvestigatiｏｎｔｈａｔｗｉｌｌｂｅｃｏｍｅｎｏｔｅｄｉｎｈｕｍａｎｈｉstorywiththeunderstandingofthegovernment

andthenationofEgypt，ａｓwellastheJapanesepeople

Finally,weexpressdeepthankstothesensiblepeopleofEgyptforsupportingandcontinuing

、

tofullybackupWasedaUniversityPyramidlnvestigationMissionforsｕｃｈａｌｏｎｇｐｅｒｉｏｄｏｆ２０ｏｒ

ｍｏｒｅｙｅａｒｓ,andparticularlythecoleaguesofEgyptianAntiquitiesOrganizationsoftheMinistryof

Culture,theMinistryofForeignAffairs,theEgyptianEmbassyatTokyo,theMinistryoflnformation，

theMinistryofTurism,aswellastheMinistryofForeignAffairsofJapan,andtheJapaneseEmbassy

atCairo． Wewishtocontinuetheirsupportinthefuture．

April，１９８８

SakujiYoshimura

DirectorofWasedaUniversityPyramid

lnvestigationMission

AssociateProfessor，

SchoolofHumanScience

1６

ＩＴＨＥＢＡＣＫＧＲＯＵＮＤＡＮＤＰＲＯＣＥＳＳ……….……….………….……….………………

（１）Background……………………………………………………………….…………………

（２）Purposeandmethod．｡……………………………….………………….….………………．

（３）Organizationoftheinvestigationmission…．.…………………………………………….．

（４）Process・…･………………………..…..…………..……………….………….……………

１１２４６

ⅡＮＯＮ－ＤＥＳＴＲＵＣＴＩＶＥＩＮＶＥＳＴＩＧＡＴＩＯＮＩＮＴＨＥＳＥＣＯＮＤＳＵＲＶＥＹ…………………

（１）objective……･……･…．．………………………..…………………………….…………..．

（２）ElectromagneticWaveMethod…………………･………･……….……………….………．

１．Basicconceptoftheelectromagneticwavemethod

２．Equipmenttobeusedforthisinvestigation

３．FieldexperimentsinJapan

４．FieldexperimentsinEgypt

（３）GravityMeasurement・……………･…………………………………･…･…………………

１．Basicconceptofgravitymeasuremenｔ

２．Equipmenttobeusedforinvestigation

３．FieldexperimentsoftheMicrogravimeterinJapanandEgypt

４．TheresultsofgravitysurveyatGizａ

０００

１１１

ＣＯＮＴＥＮＴＳ

ⅢＡＲＣＨＡＥＯＬＯＧＩＣＡＬＩＮＴＥＲＰＲＥＴＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＴＨＥＲＥＳＵＬＴＳＯＦ

ＮＯＮ－ＤＥＳＴＲＵＣＴＩＶＥＩＮＶＥＳＴＩＧＡＴＩＯＮ．.………………….….…………………….……

（１）Non・destructivelnvestigationatGizaPlateauinthe2ndSeason…………･……….……

Ａ）InsideofGreatPyramid

B）OutsideofGreatPyramid

C）AreaaroundofGreatSphinx

（２）InterpretationoftheResultsofNon.destructivelnvestigation…………………･…･……

Ａ）InsideofGreatPyramid

B）OutsideofGreatPyramid

C）AreaaroundofGreatSphinx

（３）ContributionofNon､destructivelnvestigationtotheHistoryofGiza…………………･･･

4６

４６

4８

5３

ⅣＩＮＶＥＳＴＩＧＡＴＩＯＮＦＲＯＭＴＨＥＶＩＥＷＰＯｌＮＴＯＦＡＲＣＨＩＴＥＣＴＵＲＡＬ

ＨＩＳＴＯＲＹＩＮＴＨＥＳＥＣＯＮＤＳＥＡＳＯＮ…･…………･…………………………･…………・６６

（１）Introduction・………･…．．………･…………………………………･………･………………６６

（２）OutlineoftheMeasurements…･……･………………………｡．……………………………６６

（３）MeasurementofthePositionofNorthernEntrancewhichisShiftedEastwardfromtheCenter

LineofGreatPyramid…………･………………………･………….………………………

(4)ArchitecturalConsiderations

-TheComplexOrganizationoflnteriorＲｏｏｍ－…………………………………………

(5)Conclusion……………………………………………….………………....………………

ＶＰＨＹＳｌＣＡＬＰＲＯＰＥＲＴＹＡＮＤＭｌＣＲＯＳＣＯＰＩＣＯＢＳＥＲＶＡＴｌＯＮＯＦ

ＴＨＥＳＡＮＤＩＮＳＩＤＥＯＦＧＲＥＡＴＰＹＲＡＭＩＤ…………………………………………….．…

ⅥＣＯＮＣＬＵＳＩＯＮ・…………………………………………･…………………･…･……………．

6７

6７

６８

8６

8８

LｌＳＴＯＦＦｌＧＵＲＥＳＡＮＤＴＡＢＬＥＳ

ⅡＮＯＮ－ＤＥＳＴＲＵＣＴＩＶＥｌＮＶＥＳＴＩＧＡＴｌＯＮｌＮＴＨＥＳＥＣＯＮＤＳＵＲＶＥＹ

Ｆｉｇ、ｌＡｎｅｘａｍｐｌｅｏｆｔｈｅｐａｔｈｓｏｆｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｍagneticwaves

Fig2Thespeeddistributioncalculatedgeotomographymethod（ARTmethod）

Fig3Speedcountermap

Fig，４Blockdiagramoftheundergroundradarsystem

Fi９．５Blockdiagramofradarsystemusedinthetransmissionmethod

Fi９．６Theundergroundradarsystem

Fi９．７ＴｈｅwholeshapeofUtoLimestoneMine

Fi９．８ＡｎｅｎｔｒａｎｃｅｏｆａｔｕnnelatUtoLimestoneMine

Fi９．９Antennasusedforthissurvey（400ＭHz，150ＭHz，８０ＭHz）

Ｆｉｇ．１０TypicalA､scopephotographofelectromagneticwavesignal

Fi９．１１ThemeasurementforthisexperiｍｅｎｔａｔＵｔｏＬｉｍｅｓｔｏｎｅＭｉｎｅ

Ｆｉ９．１２Ｔｈｅｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｆｏｒ８０ＭＨｚａｎｔｅｎｎａａｔUtoLimestoneMine

Figl3TheexperimentalplaceatUtoLimestoneMine（Transmissionmethod）

Fig.１４TheexperimentalplaceatUneLimestoneMine（Transmissionmethod）

Fig.１５ThetunnelofUtoLimestoneMine

Fig、ｌ６Ｔｒａｖｅｌｔｉｍｅｄｉａｇｒａｍｉｎｔｈｅａｉｒ

Ｆｉｇ、ｌ７ＴｒａｖｅｌｔｉｍｅｄｉａｇｒａｍａｔＵｎｅＬｉｍｅstoneMine

Figl8TransmissiveexperｉｍｅｎｔａｔＵｎｅＭｉｎｅ（150ＭHz）

Ｆｉｇ．’９TransmissiveexperimentoflimestｏｎｅａｔＫｈｕｆｕＢｏａｔ

Ｆｉｇ２０ＧｅｏｍｅｔｒｙｏｆｐropagationthroughtwolegsofGreatSphinx

Fig21PulseofpropagationａｔｒｉｇｈｔｌｅｇｏｆＧｒｅａｔＳｐｈｉｎｘ

Ｆｉｇ２２ＰｕlseofpropagationatleftlegofGreatSphinx

Fig23TheexperimentoftransmissionmethodbetweenHorizontalPassageandGrandGallery

Fig24GeometryoftransmissionmethodbetweenGrandGalleryandMegalithicMasonryatNorth

EntranceofGreatPyramid

Fiｇ２５ＧｒａｖｉｔｙａｎｏｍａｌｙａｔＯｙａｉｎＪａｐａｎ

Ｆｉｇ２６ＴｈｅｒｅｓｕｌｔｏｆｔｈｅｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｔSerapeumatSaqqara

Fig，２７ThegravityanomalymapofKing'ｓＣｈａｍｂｅｒ

Ｆｉｇ２８ＴｈｅａｎｏｍａｌｙｐｒｏｆｉｌｅinHorizontalPassage

Fig29ThegravitymeasurementpointaｔｔｈｅｆｒｏｎｔｏｆＧｒｅａｔＳｐｈｉｎｘ

Ｆｉ９．３０ThegravityanomalyｍａｐａｔｔｈｅｆｒｏｎｔｏｆＧｒｅａｔＳｐｈｉｎｘ

Ｆｉ９．３１ＴｈｅｇｒａｖｉｔｙａｎｏｍａｌｙｍａｐａｔｎorthempartofGreatSphinx

Fi９．３２ThegraviｔｙａｎｏｍａｌｙｍａｐａｔｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎｐａｒｔｏｆＧｒeatSphinx

Fig33ThegravityanomalyprofilebesidetheleftlegofGreatSphinx

TablelTheexperimentaldatａａｔＵｎｅＬｉｍｅｓｔｏｎｅＭｉｎｅ（150ＭHz）

Table2TheexperimentaldataatUneLimestoneMine（80ＭＨｚ）

Table3TheexperimentaldataoflimestonelidstonesfromKhufuBoat

Table4TheexperimentaldataoflimestonelidstonesfromKhufuBoat（80ＭHz）

ＡＲＣＨＡＥＯＬＯＧｌＣＡＬｌＮＴＥＲＰＲＥＴＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＴＨＥＲＥＳＵＬＴＳＯＦＮＯＮ－ＤＥＳＴＲＵＣＴＩＶＥ

ｌＮＶＥＳＴＩＧＡＴｌＯＮ

３４MeasurementlinesinKing，Chamber

３５MeasurementlinesinAntechamber

３６MeasurementlinesinQueen'ｓＣｈａｍｂｅｒ

３７MeasurementlinesinHorizontalPassage

３８NorthwallofQueen，ｓＣｈａｍｂｅｒ

３９MeasurementlinesinUndergroundChamber

４０GeometryofthetransmissionmethoｄａｔＧｒｅａｔＰｙｒａｍｉｄ

４１MeasurementlinesonthesouthsideｏｆＧｒｅａｔＰｙｒａｍｉｄ

４２MeasurementlinesaroundGreatSphinx

４３MeasurementlinesatFrontCourtofGreatSphinx

４４Ｔｈｅ血pofundergroundabnormalplacesatthewestemterraceofGreatSphinx

Ⅲ

●●●●。●ｐ●●●●

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ｌＮＶＥＳＴｌＧＡＴＩＯＮＦＲＯＭＴＨＥＶＩＥＷＰＯｌＮＴＯＦＡＲＣＨＩＴＥＣＴＵＲＡＬＨＩＳＴＯＲＹＩＮＴＨＥ

ＳＥＣＯＮＤＳＥＡＳＯＮ

４５．Section-perspectiveofGreatPyraｍｉｄ

４６．DevelopmentofKing'ｓＣｈａｍｂｅｒ

４７．DevelopmentofAntechamber

４８．DevelopmentofGrandGallery

49・DevelopmentofQueen'ｓＣｈａｍｂｅｒ

５０．DevelopmentofHorizontalPassage

５１．DevelopmentandsectionofNorthernEntrance

５２．ＰｌａｎｏｆＧｒｅａｔＰｙｒａｍｉｄｄｒａｗｎｂｙｃｏｍｐｕtergraphicsystem

53・AxonometricperspectiveofGreatPyramidfromNdrawnbycomputergraphicsystem

５４．Bird'ｓ－ｅｙｅｖｉｅｗｏｆＧｒｅａｔＰｙｒａｍｉｄｆｒｏｍＥＮＥdrawnbycomputergraphicsystem

55・AxonometricperspectiveofGreatPyramidfromEdrawnbycomputergraphicsystem

56・Bird，s,ｅｙｅｖｉｅｗｏｆＧｒｅａｔＰｙｒａｍｉｄｆｒｏｍＷＮＷｄｒawnbycomputergraphicsystem

５７．Bird，s,ｅｙｅｖｉｅｗｏｆＧｒｅａｔＰｙｒａｍｉｄｆｒｏｍＮＥｄｒａwnbycomputergraphicsystem

Ⅳ

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Ｔａｂｌｅ５ＴｈｅｄａｔａｏｆｌｅｆｔｅｌｂｏｗｏｆＧｒｅａtSphinx（80ＭHz）◆

Ｔａｂｌｅ６ＴｈｅｄａｔａｏｆｒｉｇｈｔｅｌｂｏｗｏｆＧｒｅatSphinx（80ＭHz）

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Ⅱ

ＩＢＡＣＫＧＲＯＵＮＤＡＮＤＰＲＯＣＥＳＳ

(1)Background

SakujiYoshimura

JiroKondo

lzumiHarigai

DuringtheperiodfromJanuary22throughFebruary９，１９８７，theWasedaUniversity

investigationmissioncarriedoutthefirstinvestigationofpyramidsareaatGizaintheArabRepublic

ofEgypt．TheinvestigationwasinitiateduponrequestbyDr・AhamedKadry,theChairmanof

EgyptianAntiquitiesOrganization,theArabRepublicofEgypt．Fromthebeginning,westarted

ourinvestigation,inGizaAreaforthefinalpurposeofclarificationofthehistoryinGizaPlateauand

ofrevelationofthewholeaspectoftheGizanecropolis．Inordertoachievethepurpose,thefirst

pyramidinvestigationswereperformedwiththefollowingfourobjectives：

①ToclarifytheinnerstructureofGreatPyramid

②ToclarifywhyGreatPyramidwasconstructed

③ToclarifythestructureofGreatSphinxincludingthataroundit

④TodeterminetheagewhenGreatSphinxwasbuilt

Wetriedtointroducesomeuptodatescientifictechniquesfortheinvestigation,sinceitwasa

majorprerequisiteforustoperformourinvestigationwithoutdamagingthehistoricremams,as

requested．Anewtechnique，whichwasintroducedforthefirstpyramidinvestigation，was

mainlytheradarsystemutilizingelectromagneticwave．Theradarsystemutilizingthe

electromagneticwavewasadoptedforthefirstpyramidinvestigationonlyafterithadbeenproven

effectivefortheexplorationinGizaAreaandthebasicdatahadbeengathered,byperfOrmingvarious

testssuchasperformance,functioningandresponseinseverallocationsinbothJapanandEgypt

beforetheactualinvestigationstartediｎｔｈｅＧｉｚａＡｒｅａ．Bymeansofthissystem,wecarriedout

theexplorationsofvariouslocationsforthefirstpyramidinvestigation,suchasHorizontalPassage

leadingtoQueen，sChamber,Queen，sChamber,King，sChamber,thesouthsideofGreatPyramid,the

southsideofGreatSphinx，ｔｈｅｎｏｒｔｈｓｉｄｅｏｆＧｒｅａｔＳｐｈｉｎｘａｎｄthefrontcourtofGreat

Sphinx．Ｆｏｒexample,throughthoseinvestigationsweobtainedsomeresultsreasonableenoughto

ascertaintheexistenceofthecavityandsand，whichwerediscoveredbytheFrenchinvestigation

teamFurthermore,ｔｈｅｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｅｎａｂｌｅｄｕｓｔｏｉｎｆｅｒｎｏｔｏｎｌｙｔｈａｔｓｏｍｅｃａｖｉｔｙｅｘｉｓｔｅｄａｔｔｈｅｎorth

sideatthewestendofthenorthwallinQueen'sChamber,butalsothatacavityexistedunderthe

limestonelidsofthesecondKhufu,ｓＢｏａｔＰｉｔ,andthatvarioussortsofmaterialswereincludedinthe

innerpartofthecavity．

－１－

AnotherinvestigationwasalsoconductedintheinsideofGreatPyramidintermsof

architecturalhistory、 First,wereviewedtheassumptionraisedbｙｔｈｅＦｒｅｎｃｈｔｅａｍ,whichledus

toclarificationofsuchproblemsasthesymbolizationofGreatPyramidandthetraditional

investigationmethod

Thoseresultsofthefirstpyramidinvestigationaredescribedinthereporttitled

"Non,DestractivePyramidlnvestigatio、(1)．ByElectromagneticWaveMethod''(StudiesinEgyptian

CultureNo、６，WasedaUniversity，1987）

Ourmissionproducedseveralexcellentresultsthroughthefirstpyramidinvestigation,ｂｕｔａｔ

ｔｈｅｓａｍｅｔｉｍｅｉｔｄｉｓｃｏｖｅｒｅｄｓｏmeproblemstobefurtherinvestigatedinthefuture Startingo、

September３，１９８７，thesecondpyramidinvestigationwascarriedoutunderthecarefulnewplan，

takingtheseproblemsintoconsideration．

(2)Purposeandmethod

ThesecondpyramidinvestigationbyWasedaUniversitywasconductedwiththefollowing

objectives，followingthefirstpyramidinvestigation：

①Toclarifytheinnerstructureofthegreatpyramid

②Toclarifywhythegreatpyramidwasconstructed．

③Toclarifythestructureofthegreatsphinxincludingthataroundit

④Todeterminetheageduringwhichthegreatsphinxwasbuilt

Somenewinvestigationwererequiredinadditiｏｎｔｏｔｈｅｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｏｆｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｐｙｒａｍｉd

investigationsothatwecouldgetafinalconclusiononthesignificantthemesasdescribed

above．Therefore,wedecidedtoperformeachinvestigationbydividingourmissioninto3groups

‐scientificinvestigationteam，architectureteamandarchaeologyｔｅａｍ．

１．Scientificinvestigationteam

Theexplorationteamhadthefollowngtwoobjectives，andcontinuedtoconductthe

non-destructiveinvestigationbymeansofascientifictechniques．

①ToclarifytheinnerstructureofGreatPyramid

②ToclarifythestructureofGreatSphinxincludingthataroundit

Weconductedthefirstpyramidinvestigationbymeansofreflectionmethodofelectromagnetic

wavesysｔｅｍｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｙｏｆｌ５０ＭＨｚａｎｄｔｈｅｐｏｗｅｒｏｆｌＯＯＶ，whichhadtransmitterand

recevierｉｎｔｈｅｕｎｉｔ，butasforthesecondpyramidinvestigationwetriedtoperformthefollowing

investigationswithsomenewfacilitiesandequipmentprovidedadditionally．

Ａ）Toinvestigatetheareaswhichwerenotexploredatthetimeofthefirstpyramidinvestigation・

ＳｉｎｃｅｓｏｍｅｐｏｒｔｉｏｎｓｓｕｃｈａｓｔｈｅｗａｌｌwestofHorizontalPassage，thesidewallofGrand

Gallery,UndergroundChamberandtheterracewestofGreatSphinxstillremainedunexploredatthe

－ ２ －

ｔｉｍｅofthefirstpyramidinvestigation,wedecidedtoexploretheseunexploredpartsinthesecond

pyramidinvestigation．

B）Investigationusingan80MHz，100Ｖａｎｔｅｎｎａ

Ｗｅｓｏｍｅｔｉｍｅｓｆａｉｌｅｄｔｏｇｅｔfavorableexplorationeffectsatthetimeofthefirstpyramid

investigatio､,becausetheexplorationdistanceoftheelectromagneticwaｖｅｓｙｓｔｅｍｕｓｉｎｇｌ５０ＭＨｚ，

１００Vwhichwasusedfortheinvestigationwascomparativelyshort．Therefore,ｗｅａｄｄｅｄｓｏｍｅ

Ｗｅｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｓｔｏｔｈｅelectromagneticwavesystemforthesecondpyramidinvestigation、

finallysucceededinmakingtheexplorationdistanceapprox、２ｔｉｍｅｓｌｏｎｇｅｒｂｙａｄｄｉｎｇａｎ８０ＭＨｚ

ａｎｔｅｎｎａｓｙｓｔｅｍｔｏｔｈｅｌ５０ＭＨｚｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｍａｇneticwavesystemandincreasingthevoltagefromｌＯＯＶ

ｔｏｌ４０Ｖ．Thus,forthesecondpyramidinvestigatiｏｎwedecidedtorepeatexplorationswｉｔｈｔｈｅ

ｎｅｗｓｙｓｔｅｍｅｖｅｎｏｎｔｈｅｐａｒｔｓｗhichhadbeenalreadyexploredatthetimeoftheprevious

investigatio､．

Ｃ）Investigationusingtransmissionmethod

Sincetheshortexplorationdistanceofreflectionmethodsetalimittoourinvestigation

capability，wedevelopedaseparation､typeantennaequippedwithanindependenttransmitterand

receiver，whichenabledustousethetransmissionmethodpermittingelectromagneticwaveto

transmitbetweentwopoints、 Forthesecondpyramidinvestigation，ｗｅｄｅｃｉｄｅｄｔｏｅxplorethe

basicparts,suchasthelocationbetweenQueen'sChamberandKing，sChamber,thelocationbetween

northwallofGrandGalleryandNorthernEntrance，andthelocationbetweenHorizontalPassage

leadingtoQueen'sChamberandGrandGallerybymeansofthetransmissionmethodwhichis

providedwithalongerexplorationdistance．

Ｄ）Investigationbygravitymeasuringmethod

Forthefirstpyramidinvestigationweusedtheelectromagneticwavesystemonly・ Forthe

secondpyramidinvestigaionweintroducedadeviationmicrogravitymetertosupplementand

ascertaintheexplorationresultsalreadyobtinedbytheelectromagneticwavesystemthrough

anotherdifferentmethod．Forthisinvestigation,ｗｅdecidedtoexplorewiththisgravitymeterthe

basicpartssuchasQueen'sChamber,King，sChamber,andHorizontalPassageinGreatPyramidand

thelocationaroundGreatSphinxwheresomecavitywasassumedtoexistthroughtheexplorationby

electromagneticwaves．

2．Architectureｔｅａｍ

Thearchitectureteamhadthefollowingobjectives,andhadbeenengagedintheinvestigation

intheGizaAreasincewestartedthefirstpyramidinvestigation．

①ToclarifytheinnerstructureofGreatPyramid

②ToclarifywhyGreatPyramidwasconstructed

Forthesecondpyramidinvestigation，however，wedecidedtoconductthefollowing

investigations，takingintoconsiderationtheresultsofthefirstpyramidinvestigatiｏｎｗｈｉｃｈｗａｓ

－３－

madefromaviewpointofarchitecturehistory．

Ａ）DetailedmeasurementinvestigatiｏｎｏｆＧｒｅａｔＰｙｒａｍｉｄ

Ａｓａｒｅｓｕｌｔｏｆｔｈｅfirstpyramidinvestigation,ｗｅｃａｍｅｔｏｔｈｉｎｋｉｔｗａｓｎｅｃｅｓｓａｒｙｔｏｐerforma

detailedmeasurementofGreatPyramidforarchitecturalexamination， Inaddition，ｉｔｗａｓ

ｍａｎｄａｔｏｒｙｆｏｒｕｓｔｏｋｎｏｗｔｈｅａｃｃｕｒａｔｅｌｏｃａｔｉｏｎｓａｎｄｓｉｚｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｓｐａｃｅｓｉｎＧｒｅａｔ

ＰｙｒａｍｉdTherefore，forthesecondpyramidinvestigationweplannedtoconductthemeasure‐

mentinvestigationforthepurposeofworkingoutaccurateplansoftheinnerpartsofGreat

Pyramid．Ｉｎｔｈｉｓｃａｓｅ,wealsoplannedtoperformprecisemeasurement,usingaelectricdistance

meter，ｗｈｉｃｈｃｏｕｌｄｂｅｕｔｉｌｉｚｅｄｅｖｅｎｉｎｔｈｅｎarrowspaceofGreatPyramid．

3．ArchaeoIogyteam

ThearchaeologyteamaimdatclarifyingthehistoryinGizaPlateauandfindingoutthewhole

aspectoftheburiedcityplanning Sincewestartedthefirstpyramidinvestigation,ｗｅａｌｓｏｈａｄ

ｂｅｅｎｅｎｇａｇｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｓｔｕｄｙofthemvestigationresultswhichwereobtainedinthepastinGizaArea，

thearchaeologicalmaterials，ａｎｄthearchaeologicalinterpretationontheinvestigationresults

derivedfromeachinvestigationteam、

WeplannedtoconductthefollowinginvestigationsinGizaAreaforthesecondpyramid

investigationbaseｄｕｐｏｎｔｈｅｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｏｆｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｐｙｒａｍidinvestigation．

A）ＤｒａｗｉｎｇｏｆｐlansoftheareanearGreatPyramid

WｅｐｌａｎｎｅｄｔｏｄｒａｗｐｌａｎｓｏｆｔｈｅａｒｅａａｒoundGreatPyramid,sincetherewereanumberof

areasarｏｕｎｄｔｈｅＧｒｅａｔＰｙｒａｍｉｄｏｎｗｈｉｃｈｎｏａｃcuratemeasurementorreportwasyetmade、 The

drawingshouldbedesignedtobeusefulenoughtoallowthescientificinvestigationteamtorecord

theirexploringpositions．

B）ＤｒａｗｉｎｇｏｆｐｌａｎｓｏｆｔｈｅａｒｅａａｒｏｕｎｄＧreatSphinx

WeplannedtodrawplansoftheareasaroundGreatSphinx,sincenoaccurateplanshavebeen

publishedinthepast．

C）Archaeologicalinterpretationontheinvestigationresultsderivedfromeachinvestigationteam

Ｗｅｐｌａｎｎｅｄｔｏｅｘａｍｉｎｅｔｈｅｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｏｆthefirstandsecondpyramidinvestigationderivedfrom

eachinvestigationteamfromanarchaeologicalviewpointbycollatingthemwiththetraditional

interpretationofEgyptology．

(3)Organizationoftheinvestigationmission

TheWasedaUniversityinvestigationmission・letbyAssociateProfessorSakujiYoshimura・

SchoolofHumanScience，WasedaUniversityconsistedof3investigationteams，．scientific

investigationteam，architectureteamandarchaeologyteamtheinvestigationrecordingstuffs，ａｎｄ

ｐｕｂｌｉｃｒｅｌation Themembersareasfollows：

－４－

F･戸

Director：

ArchitectureTeam

Director；

Ｍｅｍｂｅｒs；

Scientificinvestigaion

Director；

Members；

ArchaeologyTeam：

Director；

Members；

SakujiYoshimura

（AssociateProfessor,SchoolofHumanScience,WasedaUniversity）

TakeshiNakagawa

（Doctor，Professor，Dept・ｏｆArchitecture，SchoolofScienceand

Engineering,WasedaUniversity）

KazuakiSeki

（AssociateProfessor，Dept・ｏｆArchitecture，SchoolofScienceand

Engineering,Kanto,gakuinUniversity）

ShinichiNishimoto

（Assistant,Dept・ｏｆArchitecture,ＳｃhoolofScienceandEngineering，

WasedaUniversity）

Takeshilkeda

（Researcher，HistoryArchitecture，ＥＣ.C､Ｗ､Ｕ､）

Ｔｅａｍ：

ShojiTonouchi

（DoctorofScience，ChiefResearcher，ＥＣ､ＣＷ.Ｕ,）

ＨｉｒｏｙｕｋｉＫａｗａｍｕｒａ

（Researcher，ＥＣＣ.Ｗ､Ｕ､）

HiroyukiKasai

（Researcher，Ｅ､C・ＣＷ.Ｕ､）

JiroKondo

（Assistant，Dept、ofArchaeology，SchoolofLiterature，Waseda

University）

NobuoTakahashi

（ChiefCurator，IwatePrefecturalMuseum）

ＩｚｕｍｉＨａｒｉｇａｉ

（Researcher，EgyptianArchitecture，Ｅ,ＣＣＷ.Ｕ､）

－５－

RecordingStaffs：

Director；

Members；

KichisaburoHirota

（Researcher，EgyptianArchitecture，Ｅ､ＣＣ.Ｗ､Ｕ,）

OsamuKumasegawa

（Photographer）

ShojiArai

（Engineer）

ToshihiroOgawa

（Editor）

MasaoKishida

（VideoCameraman）

PublicRelationStaffs：EijiSaito

KeikoHirabayashi

Ｎ,Ｂ、EgyptianCulutureCenter，WasedaUniversitycalledE.Ｃ､ＣＷ､Uforshort．

(4)Process

TheinvestigationbythesecondWasedaUniversitypyramidinvestigationmissionwas

carriedoutfromSeptemberl2throughSeptember2３，１９８７．Theactualinvestigationprocess

wasasfollows：

Sept、１１

EquipmentandmaterialswerearrangedandadjustedinthecityofCairo、

Septl2

TheactualinvestigationstartedinGiza．

<ScientificinvestigationTeam〉

TheyconductedtheirinvestigatioｎｓａｔｔｈｅｓｏｕｔｈｓｉｄｅｏｆＧｒｅａｔＰｙｒａｍｉｄ，

１．TheycarriedoutanundergroundexploraionatthesouthsideofGreatPyramid,onthesecond

Khufu'ｓｂｏａｔｐｉｔａｎｄａｒｏｕｎｄｔｈｅｌｏｃａｔｉｏｎｌＯｍａｗａｙｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｓｏｕｔｈｓｉｄｅｏｆＧｒｅａｔＰｙramidby

mansoftheelectromagneticwavesystemreflectionmethod、

２．TheymeasuredthegravityatthesouthsideofGreatPyramid,onthesecondKhufu'sboatpitand

aroundthelocationlOｍａｗａｙｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｓｏｕｔｈｓｉｄｅｏｆＧｒｅａｔＰｙramidwithamicrogravitymeter．

－ ６ －

、

<ArchitectureTeam〉

TheyinvestigatedtheoutsideofGreatPyramid

l・TheymeasuredthelengthoflinesattheeastsideandwestsideofGreatPyramidfromitsnorth

sidewithelectricdistancemeter．

<ArchaeologyTeam〉

TheyinvestigatedthesouthsideofGreatPyramid、

１．TheyconductedthemeasurementattheareafromGreatPyramidtothesecondKhufu'ｓｂｏａｔｐｉｔ

ａｔｔｈｅｓｏｕｔｈｓｉｄｅｏｆＧｒｅａｔＰyramid、

Ｓｅｐｔ、１３，１４ａｎｄｌ５

<ScientificinvestigationTeam〉

TheyperformedtheirinvestigatioｎｓａｔｔｈｅｓｏｕｔｈｓｉｄｅｏｆＧｒｅａｔＰｙｒａｍｉｄandaroundGreat

Sphinx、

１．Theyconductedtheirundergroundexplorationsatthｅｆｒｏｎｔｃｏｕｒｔａｎｄｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｆｒｏｎｔｐａｗｓｏｆ

ＧｒｅａｔＳｐｈｉｎｘｂｙｍｅａｎｓｏｆｔｈｅｅｌｅｃｔromagneticwavereflectionmethod、

２．Theycarriedoutanelectromagneticwavetransmissionexperimentbetｗｅｅｎｂｏｔｈｆｒｏｎｔｐａｗｓｏｆ

ＧｒｅａｔＳｐｈｉｎｘbymeansoftheelectromagneticwavetransmissionmethod

３．TheyconductedanundergroundexplｏｒａｔｉｏｎａｔｔｈｅｎｏｒｔｈｓｉｄｅｏｆｔｈｅｌｅｆｔｆｒｏｎｔｐａｗｏｆＧｒｅａｔ

Ｓｐｈｉｎｘｂｙｍｅａｎｓｏｆtheelectromagneticwavereflectionmethod、

４．TheyconductedanundergroundexplorationatthenorthsideofGreatSphinxbodybymeansof

theelectromagneticwavereflectionmethod

５．TheymeasuredthegravityatthesouthsideofGreatPyramidandonthesecondKhufu，sboatpit

withamicrogravitymeter、

６．TheymeasuredthegravityattheleftfrontpawofGreatSphinxandatthenorthsideofitsbody

withamicrogravitymeter、

７．TheymeasuredthegravityattherighｔｆｒｏｎｔｐａｗｏｆＧｒｅａｔＳｐｈｉｎｘａｎｄａｔｔｈｅｓｏｕｔｈｓｉｄｅｏｆｉｔｓ

ｂodywithamicrogravitymeter、

８．TheyconductedundergroundexplorationsatthewesternterraceofGreatSphinx．

<ArchitectureTeam〉

TheyconductedtheirinvestigatioｎｓａｔｔｈｅｏｕｔｓｉｄｅｏｆＧｒｅａｔＰｙｒａｍｉｄ

ｌ・TheymeasuredthesouthandnorthaxisofGreatPyramidfromitsnorthsidewithelectric

distancemeter，

２．ＴｈｅｙｆｉｇｕｒｅｄｏｕｔｔｈｅｃｅｎｔｅｒａｘｉｓｏｆＧreatPyramid、

３．TheymeasuredthedeviationfromthecenteraxisatNorthernEntranceofGreatPyramid．

<ArchaeologyTeam〉

TheyconductedtheirinvestigatioｎｓａｔｔｈｅｓｏｕｔｈｓｉｄｅｏｆＧｒｅａｔＰｙｒａｍｉｄandaroundGreat

Sphi､x、

１．TheymeasuredthelevelrangingfromGreatPyramidtothesecondKhufu'ｓｂｏａｔｐｉｔａｔｔｈｅｓｏｕｔｈ

－ ７ －

sideofGreatPyramid、

２．TheyworkedoutdrawingsofdepresionincludingGreatSphinx，andmeasuredtheleve１．

３．Theysurveyedthestonearrangementoftheplatformmadeoflimestoneblockswhichformsthe

frontcourtofGreatSphinx、

４．TheyworkedoutdrawingofthewesternterraceofGreatSphinx・

Sｅｐｔｌ６ａｎｄｌ７

<ScientificinvestigationTeam〉

TheyconductedtheirinvestigationsatQueen，sChamberandalongHorizontalPassagein

GreatPyramid，

１．TheyexploredthefourwallsandthefloorinQueen'sChamberbymeansoftheelectromagnetic

wavereflectionmethod、

２．TheyexploredthewallsandflooralongHorizontalPassagebymeansoftheelectromagnetic

wavereflectionmethod、

３．TheymeasuredthegravityinQueen，sChamberwithamicrogravitymeter、

４．TheymeasuredthegravityalongHorizontalPassagewithamicrogravitymeter．

<ArchitectureTeam〉

TheyconductedtheirinvestigatioｎｓｉｎＫｉｎｇ，sChamberandAntechamberinGreatPyramid

l・Theycarriedoutthemeasurementofthevarioussubjectsincludingthestonestructureand

majorstonecracksinKing，sChamberexcepttheDevisonmsroom、

２．Theycarriedoutthemeasurementofthevarioussubjectsincludingthestonestructureａｎｄ

majorstonecracksinAntechamber．

<ArchaeologyTeam〉

TheyconductedtheirinvestigationsinQueen'sChamberandalongHorizontalPassagein

GreatPyramid、

１．TheyworkedoutagroundplanofQuee､'sChamberandmeasuredtheleve１．

２．TheyworkedoutagroundplanofHorizontalPassageandmeasuredtheleve１．

３．TheysurveyedthestonestructureoｆｔｈｅｎｏｒｔｈｗａｌｌｏｆＱｕｅｅｎ，sChamber，

４．TheysurveyedthestonestructureofthebothsidewallsalongHorizontalPassage、

Ｓｅｐｔｌ９ａｎｄ２０

<ScientificinvestigationTeam〉

TheymainlyconductedtheirinvestigationsinKing，sChamber，AntechamberandGrand

GalleryinGreatPyramid、

１．TheyexploredthefloorinKing'sChamberbymeansoftheelectromagneticwavereflection

method、

２．TheyexploredthefloorinAntechamberbymeansoftheelectromagneticwavereflectionmethod、

３．TheyexploredthewallsurfacesinGrandGallerybymeansoftheelectromagneticwave

reflectionmethod

－８－

４．TheyconductedatransmissionexperimentonlimestonebetweenKing，sChamberand

Antechamberbymeansoftheelectromagneticwavetransmissionmethd、

５．TheyconductedanexplorationbetweenKing'sChamberandQueen'sChamberbymeansofthe

electromagneticwavetransmissionmethod、

６．ＴｈｅｙｃonductedanexplorationbetweenthenorthwallalongGrandGalleryandNorthem

Entrancebymeansoftheelectromagneticwavetransmissionmethod、

７．TheyconductedanexplorationbetweenGrandGalleryandHorizontalPassagebymeansofthe

electromagneticwavetransmissionmethod

Sept、２１

<ScientificinvestigationTeam〉

TheyconductedtheirinvestigationsmainlyinUndergroundChamberinGreatPyramid、

１．Theyexploredthenorthwall,thewestwallandthefloorinUndergroundChamberbymeansof

theelectromagneticwavereflectionmethod、

２．ＴｈｅｙmeasuredthegravityintheKing，sChamberwithamicrogravitymeter．

<ArchitectureTeam〉

TheyconductedtheirinvestigationsinUndergroundChamberinGreatPyramid、

１．TheyconductedanabridgedmeasurementinUndergroundChamberinGreatPyramid．

<ArchaeologyTeam〉

TheyconductedtheirinvestigatioｎｓｉｎＫｉｎｇ'sChamberandUndergroundChamberinGreat

Pyramid、

１．TheycontinuedtoworkoutagroundplanandmeasuredthelevelofKing'sChamber、

２．TheyconductedanabridgedmeasurementofUndergroundChamber・

Ｓｅｐｔ，２２

<ScientificinvestigationTeam〉

TheyconductedtheirexperimentsatSerapeum，Saqqara、

１．TheycarriedoutanundergroundhollowresponseexperimentfromthegroundontheSerapeum

bymeansoftheelectromagneticwavereflectionmethod、

２．TheyconductedtheirundergroundinvestigationinSerapeumbymeansoftheelectromagnetic

wavereflectionmethod．

<ArchaeologyTeam〉

１．TheyconductedtheirabridgedmeasurementofSerapeum

Sept，２３

Equipmentandmaterialswerearrangedandadjusted、

Inadditiontotheaboveworks,thearchitectureteamandthearchaeologyteaminvestigated

andcollectedthedataofrelatedmaterialsandtherelatedliteratureattheEgyptianMuseumCairo．

－９－

ⅡＮＯＮ－ＤＥＳＴＲＵＣＴＩＶＥｌＮＶＥＳＴＩＧＡＴｌＯＮｌＮＴＨＥＳＥＣＯＮＤＳＥＡＳＯＮ

ShojiTonouchi

(1)objective

ＴｈｅｐｕｒｐｏｓｅｏｆｔｈｉｓｓｕｒｖｅｙｉｓｔｏｉｎｖｅstigateundiscoveredpassagesandhollowsinPyramids

otherthantheroomsandpassageswhichhavealreadybeendiscoveredsofarandtoexplorerelics

thatareburiedunderthegroundaroundpyramidsandGreatSphinx・ Aspyramidsareimportant

world,ｗｉｄｅculturalasserts，non-destructiveinvestigationisanabsolutecondition Thatisan

investigationmethodthatcandamagetｏｔｈｅｐｙｒａｍｉｄｓｉｎａｎｙｗａｙｓｈｏｕｌｄｎｏｔｂeusedForthis

purpose,under,groundradarsystem(theelectromagneticwaveprospectingmethod)andmicrograv，

itymethodusedthistime、 Ｉｎｏｕｒｐｙramidsurveytwoelectromagneticwavemethodswere

used．Theywerethereflectionmethod,generallycalledtheundergroundradarmetho｡,andthe

transmissionmethod．Theelectromagneticwavemethodandgravitymethodarenowfirst

stage， Thedevelopmentofthemachinesuseｄｆｏｒｔｈｉｓｓｕｒｖｅｙａｒｅｇｏｉｎｇａｔｔｈｅｓａｍｅｔｉｍｅ．

(2)ElectromagneticWaveMethod

１．Basicconceptoftheelectromagneticwavemethod

Gabillardandothersfoundthatinthepropagationofelectromagneticwavesinearthandbase

rocks，thereareareasofsmallpropagationlossesinthefrequencybandsundeｒｌＯＫＨｚａｎｄ

ｌＯＭＨｚ、 Theseareasarerespectivelycalle。‘‘lowfrequencywindow'，(LFW)ａｎｄ"highfrequency

window''（HFW)．Thisundergroundradarsystemisadevicetoexploreearthandbaserocks

throughthesefrequencywindows・ ＴｈｅＬＦＷｉｓｕｓｅｄｉｎｗｈａｔｉｓｃａｌｌｅｄａｎＭａgnetotelicmethod

(MTmethod)fordeep､layerphysicalexploration TheHFWisusedfortheradarexplorationin

ourpyramidsurvey、 Forahistoricrelicsurvey，itisabsolutelynecessarytousea

non-destructive,non-vibratingeXplorationmethod．Theundergroundradarexplorationｍｅｔｈｏｄ

ｔｈａｔｕｓｅｓＶＨＦｂａｎｄｗａｖｅｓｉｓsuitableinthisrespectbecauseofitshighaccuracyneartheground

surfaceensuredbythehighfrequencyused，ｉｔｓspeedyexplorationperformanceanditsbeinga

non-destructivemetho｡．Attemptstouseelectromagneticwavesfortheexplorationoftheground

andbaserockshavebeenmadesinceｅａｒｌｙｉｎｔｈｅｌ９００ｓ、 Theundergroundradarsystemthat

emitselectromagneticwavesintothegroundanddetectsthereflectedwavesfromthetargetobject

wasfirsｔｕｓｅｄｉｎｌ９３７．Butfull-fledgedintotheexplorationmethodusingVHFbandwaveswere

ｓｔａｒｔｅｄｌａｔｅｉｎｔｈｅｌ９６０ｓｂｙＭｏｒｅｙａｎdothers Sincethen，manyreportshavebeenmadeon

－１０－

＃

developmentsofthemethodandonexplorationexperiments・

Inourpyramidsurvey，tworadarexplorationmethodswereused．Theywerethe

reflectionmethod，generallycalledtheundergroundradarsystemmethod，andthetransmission

method．Inthereflectionmethod,electromagneticpulsewaveswereemittedtotheearthandthe

surfaceｏｆｔｈｅｂａｓｅｒｏｃｋｓａｎｄｔｈｅｇｒｏｕｎｄｓｕｒｆace,ａｎｄｔｈｅｅｃｈｏｗａｖｅｓｗｅｒｅｕｓｅｄｔｏｄｅｔｅｃtthetarget

objectsintheearthandthebaserocks・ Inthetransmissionmethod,atransmittingantennawas

attacheｄｔｏｏｎｅｓｉｄｅｏｆarockmassandareceivingantennatｏｔｈｅｏｔｈｅｒｓｉｄｅａｎｄｔｈｅｓｐｅｅｄ,timeand

attenuationoftheelectromagneticwavesthatpassedthroughｔｈｅｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅｒｏｃｋｂｅｔｗｅｅｎthe

antennaswasobtainedtocalculatecavities,etc､bythetomographymethod．Theperformanceof

theseradarexplorationmethodsvarieswiththeformofelectromagneticwaves,thecharacteristicsof

antenna,theelectricalconstantoftheearth,theundergroundstructureandthematerialsandshapes

oftargetobjects、

Especiallygreatcareshouldbetakenofthedielectricconstantofthematerialexplored

becauseitissubstantiallyaffectedbytherockqualityandthemoisturecontent、

Thefrequenciesoftheelectromagneticwavesusedforthereflectionmethodandthe

transmissionmethodiｎｏｕｒｓｅｒｖｅｙｗｅｒｅ４００ＭＨｚ,１５０ＭＨｚ,８０ＭＨｚａｎｄ３０ＭＨｚ・ Theywereused

forsuitablepurposesaccordingtotheobjectexplored,thegeologyexploredandthedistanceof

exploration．

Ａ）Principalofundergroundradarmeasurementbythereflectionmethod

Theelectromagneticwavesthatpropａｇａｔｅｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｔｈｅａｉｒａｔｔｈｅｓｐｅｅｄｏｆabout３００，０００kｍ／

secweregenerallyconsideredincapableofeasilypassingthroughtheearth，rockmassor

water．Butelectromagneticwavesincertainfrequencybandspassthroughthesesubstances，

thoughtheyaresomewhatattenuated，andcausereflectedwavesfromtheborderofdifferent

substances．TheundergroundradarmethodsusethesereflectedwavesofprimarilyVHFwaves

ormicrowaves

Whenelectromagneticwavesareemittedfromanantennatoanobjecttobeexplored,theyare

reflectedattheborderofsubstanceswithdifferentelectricalpropagationspeeds（definedby

dielectricconstants)．

Thespeedofelectromagneticwavesthatpropagatethroughasubstancewiththedielectric

constantofEriｓｓｉｍｐｌｙｇｉｖｅｎｂｙ；

Ｃｏ

ｖ＝ｖ百Ｆ

WhereCorepresentsabeanloflightinavacuum Thedistancetothesurfaceofthebordercanbe

calculatedbymeasuringthetimerequiredforthereflectedwavestoreturntotheantennaandby

measuringthetimerequiｒｅｄｆｏｒｔｈｅｍｔｏｒｅａｃｈｔｈｅｓｕｒｆａｃｅｏｆｔheborder・

Ａｔｔｈｅｓａｍｅｔｉｍｅ，theintensityandthephaseofthereflectedwaveswhichdiffeｒｆｒｏｍｏｎｅ

－１１－

bordersurfacetoanother,arecalculated．、Theresults,togetherwiththedistancecalculated,are

processedasdata，ａｎｄｔｈｅｃｒｏｓｓｓｅｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｏｂｊｅｃｔｅxploredateachbordersurfaceis

displayedThisisthebasicoperatingprincipaloftheundergroundradar．Inthereflection

method，theundergroundradarhasthefollowingcharacteristic：

①Thenon､destructiveexplorationmethodpermitscontinuousexplorationwithoutphysical

Contact．

②Theradarreflectionmethodenablesexplorationofnonmetalicsubsta､Cesandthe

geologicalenvironment．Italsoprovidesgooddirectivity．

③Dataoncrosssectionsareobtainedasimagesonareal-timebasis,andsomeon､the､spot

analysisispossible．

④Thehighfrequenciesprovideanexcellentexplorationaccuracyorresolvingpower．

B）Electromagneticwavemeasurementbythetransmissionmethod

Themethｏｄｉｎｗｈｉｃｈｔｗｏｂｏｒｉｎｇｈｏｌｅｓａｒｅｅｍｐｌoyedhasrecentlybeenused．Inthis

method，atransmittingantennaissetononeoftheoppositewallsandareceivingantennaonthe

other,andelectromagneticwavesaretransmittedbetweenthetwoantennas・ Theearthbetween

theantennascanbeexploredbymeasuringthepropagationandtheattenuation・

Ｔｈｉｓｍｅｔｈｏｄｉｓｕｎｉｑｕｅｉｎａnalysis・ Computedtomography（CT）isusedforanalytical

lnthismetho｡,thestructureisanalyzedonthebasisofthetransmissionspeedandprocessmg・

theattenuationrateofelectromagneticwavesatvariousPartsofanobjectexploredThismethod

iswidelyｕｓｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｍｅｄｉｃａｌｆｉｅｌｄｔｏｔａｋｅｔｏｍｏｇｒａｍｓｏｆａｈｕｍａｎｂｏｄｙ、

Thefrequenciesofelectromagneticwavesusedinｏｕｒｐｙｒａｍｉｄｓｕｒｖｅｙａｒｅ４００ＭＨｚ，１５０ＭＨｚ，

８０ＭＨｚａｎｄ３０ＭＨｚ・ Onecharacteristicofmethodisthatthedistanceofexplorationcanbeset

longascomparedwiththereflectionmethodwhoseexplorationmethodisshort．

2．Ｅｑｕｉｐｍｅｎｔｔｏｂｅｕｓｅｄｆｏｒｔｈｉｓｉｎｖｅｓｔigation

Measurementisperformedwiththetwoequipmentsmboththereflectionmethodandthe

transmissionmethodoftheelectromagneticwavemethod．

A）Outlineofequipment

Thereflectionmethodisgenerallycalledtheundergroundradarmethodthatutilizeselectric

wavesfortheinvestigationfromthesurfaceoftheearthwithoutdiggingupgaspipesandwaterpipes

buriedundertheground．TheschematicdrawingｏｆｔｈｉｓｅｑｕｉｐｍｅｎｔｉｓｓｈｏｗｎＦｉ９．４．

Thisequipmentisusedtoobtainthelocationofthetargetbyemittingelectromagneticwaves

intothegroundfromtheantennaplacedonthesurfaceoftheearthandreceivingechoesreflected

fromthetargetunderthegroundandbyprocessingsignalsanddisplayingtheantennasectiｏｎｏｎａ

－１２－

colorＣＲＴ・

Inthetransmissionmethod,atransmittinganteImawasattacheｄｔｏｏｎｅｓｉｄｅｏｆａｒｏｃｋｍａｓｓａｎｄ

ａｒｅｃｅｉｖｉｎｇａｎｔｅｎｎａｔｏｔｈｅｏｔｈｅｒｓｉｄｅａｎｄｔｈespeed，timeoftheelectromagneticwavesthatpassed

throughtheinformationｉｎｔｈｅｒｏｃｋｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｔｈｅａｎｔｅｎｎａｓｗａｓobtainedtocavities，etc，bythe

geotomographymethod．ＴｈｉｓｅｑｕｉｐｍｅｎｔｗａｓｓｈｏｗｎｉｎＦｉ9．５．

B）Majorspecification

Reflectionmethod

Display

Scanning

Powerrequirement

Ambienttemperature

Transmissionmethod

Frequencyrange

Dynamicrange

Ambienttemperature

Powerrequirement

Numberofstacks

DisplaysantennascanningonacoloｒＣＲＴ

１．０ｍ/ｓ（max）

ＡＣ100Ｖ，５０/６０Ｈｚ，２００ＶＡ

0℃～＋６０℃

８０～４００ＭＨｚ

１５０ｄＢ

0℃～＋６０℃

ＡＣ１００Ｖ，５０/６０Ｈｚ，２００ＶＡ

ｌ～２５６

C）Configuration

Thisequipmentiscomposedofthefollowingparts、

Reflectionmethod

Antennasection lunit

Displaysection lunit

Accessaries lset

Transmissionmethod

Antennasection ２sets

Controlunit lunit

Digitalstorageosciloscope： ｌｓｅｔ

Ｘ－Ｙｒｅｃｏｒｄｅｒ ｌｓｅｔ

－１３－

3．ＦｉｅｌｄｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｓｉｎＪａｐａｎ

ThispyramidinvestigationinEgyptissecondstage,therefore,itisnecessarytodovarious

fOundmentalexperiment，

ThefieldexperimentswereconductｅｄａｔＵｔｏＬｉｍｅｓｔｏｎｅＭｉｎｅａｎｄＵｎｅＬｉｍｅstoneMinein

Japanforthepurposeofexaminingsurveydistanceandresolution、

Fig.７ａｎｄFig.８ｓｈｏｗＵｔｏＭｉｎｅａndtheentranceofthetunnel．Theexperimentswere

conductedintｈｅｔｕｎｎｅｌｉｎｕｓｉｎｇ８０ＭＨｚ，ｌ５０ＭＨｚａｎｄ４００ＭＨｚｓｈｏｒｔ－ｐｕｌｓｅａｎｔｅ､､as・

Thetransmittingantennaputuptheｏｎｅｓｉｄｅｏｆｔｈｅｍａｓｓ,andreceivingantennaputupthe

othｅｒｓｉｄｅ(Fig.９)．TheintervalofthetwoantennaswerevariouslychangedasFi９．１３ａｎｄ

experimentalequipmentisshowninFig.１２．Therelationshipofthetraveltimeandreceivedlevel

intheair、 TheresultsfromUneandUtoMinesarｅｓｈｏｗｎｉｎＦｉｇｌ６ａｎｄｌ７．Atthesametime

theexperimentofthｅｒｅｆｌｅｃｔｉｏｎｗａｓｄｏｎｅａｔＵｔｏＭｉｎｅ Ａｃａｖｅ(about３ｍ)couldbedetectedin

about１２．３mdistance

Fromtheresultsoftheexperimentsrelativedielectricconstantwascalculatedandthemean

valuewas７．４５．Inthisexperimentpropagationdistancefor80MHzantennaismorethan３３．８ｍ．

4．ＦｉｅｌｄｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｓｉｎＥｇｙｐｔ

ThefieldexperimentswereconductｅｄａｔｔｈｅａｒｅａｏｆｔｈｅＳｏｌａｒＢｏａｔｍｕｓｅｕ、，insideKhufu

pyramidandGreatSphinxinEgypt．Atfirsttimetransmissiveexperimentoflimestonewhich

coveredKhufｕＢｏａｔｐｉｔｗａｓｅｘｅｃｕｔｅｄｗｉｔｈ８０ＭＨｚａｎｄｌ５０ＭＨｚａｎｔｅｎｎａｓ， Ｆｉｇ．’９showsthe

experimentalmethodandthepulsesobtainedatit．Theexperimentwasconductedinusiｎｇ

８０ＭＨｚａｎｄｌ５０ＭＨｚｓｈｏｒｔ－ｐｕｌｓｅａｎｔennas，

Thetransmittingantannaputuptheonesideofthelimestoneandreceivingantennaputupthe

otherside， Thedistancebetweentransmitterandreceiverchangedvariously.(Fig.１９）Ｔｈｅ

ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｏｆｉｔｗｅｒｅｓｈｏｗｎｉｎＴａｂｌｅ３ａｎｄＴａｂｌｅ４．Ｆｒｏｍtheresultsoftheseexperiments,themean

relativedielectricconstａｎｔｗａｓcalculatedandthemeanvalueshows６．７３ａｎｄ５．６０ｉｎｌ５０ＭＨｚａｎｄ

８０MHzantennarespectively・

Ｉｎｔｈｅｓａｍｅｗａｙ，thetransmissiveexperimentwasexecutedforthepurposeofthe

geotomographyanalysisofGreatSphinxinnotfuture Thepropagationtestwasdoneattheboth

legsofGreatSphinx・

Ｔｈｅｓｉｔｕａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｔｅｓｔａｔｔｈｅｔｗｏｌegsandthepulsesobtainedfromitwasshoｗｎｉｎ

Ｆｉｇ、２０，２１ａｎｄ２２．ＴｈｅｒｅｓｕｌｔｏｆｉｔｗｅｒｅｓｈｏｗｎＴａｂｌｅ５ａｎｄＴａｂｌｅ６、

ＴｈｅＧｒｅａｔＳｐｈｉｎｘｗａｓｆｏｒｍｅｄｆｒｏｍｔｈｅalterationofstrata（sandstone，mudstoneand

limestone)．Itisconsiderdthatthepropagationrouteoftheelectromagneticwaveissandstone，

therefore，relativedielectricconstantissmａｌｌｍｅａｎｖａｌｕｅ Ｔｈｅｍｅａｎｖａｌｕｅｉｓ２､４７．

Inthefuture，ｏｕｒｓｕｒｖｅｙｆｏｒＧｒｅａｔＰｙｒａｍｉｄｗｉｌｌｂｅadoptedthetransmissionmethodan。

－１４－

computedtomography(CT)isusedforanalyticalprocessing、 Thestructureisanalyzedonthe

basisofthetransmissionspeedandtheattenuationrateofelectromagneticwaves・

AbovementionedpurposethetransmissiontestwasexecutedinsideGreatPyramidThe

frequencyofelectromagneticwavesuｓｅｄｉｎｔｈｉｓｔｅｓｔｗｅｒｅｌ５０ＭＨｚａｎｄ８０ＭＨｚ・ Thetestswere

doneattheplacebetweenHorizontalPassageandGroundGallery・ Butitisseemedthattheused

frequency（150ＭＨｚａｎｄ８０ＭＨｚ）ishighinthistest・Ｉｎｎｅｘｔｓｕｒｖｅｙｗｅｉｎｔｅｎｄｔｏｕｓｅ３０ＭＨｚ

ａｎｔｅｎｎａ・ Ｆｉｇ２３ｓｈｏｗｓｔｈｅｐｌａｃｅｉｎｔｈｉｓｔｅｓｔ，

AnothertestwasdonetheplacebetweenMegalithicMansoryofNorthernEntranceandthe

northwallofGrandGalleryforthepurposeoftheconfirmationofthefactwhetherthepassageruns

betweenthetwoplacesornot．Thethicknessofthecoveredlimestoneofbothsidesisabout2m

respectivelyandthedistanceofpropagationthroughthelimestoneissmall，itisconsideredthat

electromagneｔｉｃｗａｖｅｓｅｍｉｔｔｅｄｆｒｏｍｏｎｅｓｉｄｅｃａｎｒeachesatanotherside、 Butwecouldnotobtain

thesignaLItseemsthatthepassagedoesnotexist．

､extsurveywithanotherlowfrequencyantenna．

ＴｈｅｔｅｓｔｐｌａｃｅｉｓｓｈｏｗｎｉｎＦｉ､９２４．

－１５－

Itisnecessarythatthetestexecuteｓｉｎ

(3)GravityMeasurement

１．Ｂａｓｉｃｃｏｎｃｅｐｔｏｆｇｒａｖｉｔｙｍｅａｓｕｒｅｍｅnｔ

Ｊ､RicherofFrancefoundinl672thatapendulumclocklost2minutes30secondsadayinthe

equatorialregion， Thismeantthatthegravitythatvariesfromplacetoplacecouldbemeasured

bytheuseofapendulumclock．ItmarkedthebeginningOfgravityexploration．Attemptsto

measurethegravitywereinitiallymadeforthepurposeofgeodesytolearnthepreciseshapeofthe

earthfromthedistributionofgravityontheearthsurface・ Laterthecomparativegravity

measurementwasrequiredtoattainahigheraccuracy， Inthecomparativemeasurement，the

absolutevalueofthegravityisnotmeasuredbutthedifferenceofthegravityatpointBfromthe

gravityatreferencepointAismeasured．Thisistheoriginofthedeviationdifferencegravimeter

usedinourpyramidsurvey・ Ｌａｔｅｒｉｎｔｈｅｌ９００ｓ，Ｈ,VBoeckhandothersdevelopedhighly

accuratedeviationdifferencegravimetersusableformineprospectingandoilprospecting、 This

methodissuitableforexploringcomparativelysmallundergroundcavities，etc・

Ｔｈｅｇｒａｖｉｔｙｗｏｒｋｓｏｎｅｖｅｒｙｔｈｉｎｇａｒｏｕｎｄｕｓｏｎｔｈｅｅａｒｔｈ．Ｗｅｆｅｅｌｉｔａｓ

ｗｅｉｇｈｔ．Accordingtotheuniversalgravitation，everythingｏｎｔｈｅｅａｒｔｈｉｓａｆｆｅｃｔｅｄｂｙｔｈｅ

ａｔｔｒａctingforceofallofthesubstancesthatconstitutetheearth．Ａｔｔｈｅｓａｍｅｔｉｍｅ,everythingon

theearthissubjectedtothecentrifugalforcebecauseoftherotationoftheearth．Asaresult,the

combinationoftheattractingforceoftheearthandthecentrifugalforcecausedbytherotationactson

everythingontheearthThiscombinedforceisthegravityoftheearth．Thedirectionin

whichthegravityworksiscalled“under，，、 Themagnitudeofthegravitythatactsonanobjectata

pointontheearthisproportionaltoitsmass,m Whentheconstantofproportionisrepresented

byg,themagnitudeofthegravityisgiveｎｂｙｎｇ Ｔｈｅｃｏｎｓｔａｎｔ,gisgenerallycalledgravitational

Theaccelerationoflcm/sec2iscalledlgaLThegravitationalaccelerationgisacceleration、

９８０ｃｍ/seC2，ｏｒ９８０gal．

Whentheundergroundstructureistobeestimatedfromthecomparisonofthemagnitudesof

thegravityatmanypoints,thecomparisonmustbemadeunderequalconditionsbyeliminatingtheSuchaeffectsofthelocalconditionslikethealtitudeoftheobservationpointandthegeography・

processiscalledareductionofgravity・ Reductionsofgravityincludeafreeairreduction，a

topographiccorrectionandabouguerreduction、 Theexplorationofasmallareademandsatidal

correctionandadriftcorrectionaswell．

A）Freeairreduction

Thisistheprocessofcorrectingthedifferencebetｗｅｅｎｔｈｅａｌｔｉｔｕｄｅｏｆｏｎｅ

－１６－

〆

observationpointandthatofanother・ Whenthegravityismeasuredatthealtitudeof

h(i,e､atapointsodistantfromthecenteroftheearth),thereductionofO､3086mgalper

meterisrequiredinaccordancewiththelawofinverseproportｉｏｎｔｏｔｈｅｓｑｕａｒｅｏｆｔｈｅ

ｄｉｓｔａｎｃｅ

Ｂ）Topographiccorrection

Whenthetopographyneartheobservationpointisuneven,thevalueofthe

gravitymeasuredmuｓｔｂｅｃｏｎｖｅｒｔｅｄｉｎｔｏｔｈｅｖａｌｕｅｏｆｔｈｅgravityattheeven

topography・ AnupwardattraCtingforcemustbegivenforthatpartofthetopography

belowtheobservationpoint．Forthatpartofthetopographybelowtheobservation

point,ａｄｏｗｎｗａｒｄ,ｏｒnegative,attractingforcemustbegivenbecauseoftheabsenceofa

substancethatcausesanattractingforce

C）Bouguerreduction

EvenafterthefreeairreductionandthetopographiCcorrection,ｔｈｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｆ

ｔｈｅａｔｔｒａｃｔｍｇｆorceofthemassexistingbetweenthegeoidandanobservationpoint

differsfromoneobservationpointtoa､other・ Therefore,theattractingforceofthe

massexistingbetweenthegeoidandeachobservationpointmustbecalculatedand

eliminated．

D）Tidalcorrection

WhenachargeofO・lmgalorlessistobemeasured,ａｓｂｙｕｓｅｏｆａｇｒａｖｉｍｅｔｅｒ，

theattractingforce(tidalpower)ｏｆｔｈｅｓｕｎ,etc・mustbetakenintoconsideration・Ｉｔ

ｍｕｓｔｂｅｃｏｒｒｅｃｔｅｄ

Ｅ）Driftcorrection

Thisisthevaluethatautomaticallychangeswithtimｅ Ｔｈｉｓｖａｌｕｅａｌｓｏ

ｈａｓｔｏｂｅｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｅdandcorrected．

Anabnormalvalueofthegravitymeasuredbyadeviationdifference

gravimeterandgiventhereductionsandcorrectionsdescribedabovedoesnotincludethe

effectsofthealtitude,thelatitude,thetopography,etc・ Therefore,ｔｈｅａｂｎｏｒｍａｌｉｔｙｉｓ

ｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｅｄａｔｔｒiｂｕｔａｂｌｅｔｏｔｈｅａｂｎｏｒｍａｌｉｔｙｏｆｔｈｅｕndergrounddensity

distribution・ Whenanundergroundcavityisexplored，calculationsaremadeon

variousmodelsandthecalculatedvaluesarecomparedwiththemeasuredvaluesto

determinetheshapeandthedepthoftheundergroundcavity．

2．Ｅｑｕｉｐｍｅｎｔｔｏｂｅｕｓｅｄｆｏｒｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔion

Weusedthe410-TSeriesThermostatic，ControlledGravityMeter．

A）Outlineofequipment

－１７－

Thegravitymeterisanextremelysensitivebalance；measuringandindicatingachangei、

gravityａｔａｐｐｒｏｘｉｍａｔｅｌｙｏｎｅｕｎｉｔｉｎｌＯＯ,０００，０００．

１ｍｇ.＝lmilligal＝０．００１ｃｍ/sec､/ｓｅｃ

ｌｍｇｉｓａｐｐｒｏｘ，ｌｐａｒｔｉｎａｍｉｌｌｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｎｏｒｍａｌｇｒａvityoftheearth．

Greatcaremustbetakeninhandling,operatingandtransportingthegravitymeter・ Ａｔａｌｌ

ｔｉｍｅ，ｔｈｅｍｅｔｅｒｈａｓｔｏｂｅｃａｒｒｉｅｄｕｐｒｉｇｈｔａndduringtransportsecurelyplacedinanupright

position・ Tiltingthegravitymetermorethan４５offtheverticalpositionwillexposethequartz

systemtoseverestresseswhichmaycauselossofaccuracyandpermanentdamagetothe

meter、 Wheneverpossiblehandcarrytheinstrument．Forlongerperiodsoftransportation

usethebackwiththecushionedfieldcase・

Ｔｈｅ４１０.TSeriesThermostaticControlledGravityMetercombinestheruggedyetsensitive

QuartzElementGravityMeterwithasolidstateelectronicallycontrolledinternalheating

element．Withthisgravitysurveyspecialistcaneliminatetharmaldriftcorrectionswithout

compromisingonportability・ Bystabilizingtheinternaltemperature，ｔｈｅｉｎｓｔｒｕｍｅｎｔｂｅｃｏｍｅｓ

ｉｍｍｕｎｅｔｏａｍbientdiurnalchangeswhichwouldbasestationreading lnadditionthedata

becomesappreciablymoreaccurate,containsfeweruncertaintiesassetsindefiningsubtleanomalies

fromdeeperorlessobvioustargets．

B）Majorspecification

Range（Reset）

FineCounterRange

FineCounterConstant

FineCounterLinearity

Accuracy

Drift

LevelSensitivity

Temperaturecoefficientlessthan

３５００－６０００ｍｇａｌ

ｌＯＯＯｄｉｖ・xscaleconstant

O､０９－０.ｌｌｍｇａｌ

ｌｉｎｌＯＯＯ

Ｏ,lcounterdiv、

０．０５，gal/dayorbetter

４０sec./ｍｍ

０．００３，gal/hr/cexternalchange

3．FieldexperimentoftheMicrograviｍｅｔｅｒｉｎＪａｐａｎａｎｄＥｇｙｐｔ

TestingoftheresponceofthemicrogravimeterwasexecutedatOyainTochigiprefecturein

JapanandatSerapeuminSaqqarainEgypt．TuffdistributesatOya，ａｎｄtherearemany

undergroundcaves・ Thetestofmicrogravimeterwasdoneatthesurfaceuppercavesfoundthe

situation Afreeairreduction,atopographiccorrectionandabougerreductionofthedatawere

done・ ＴｈｅｒｅｓｕｌｔｗａｓｓｈｏｗｎｉｎＦｉｇ､２５．Furthermore,thefieldtestwasexecutedatSerapeum

inSaqqarainEgypt．Theundergroundcavewasalsoconfirmedatthisplace・ Fig.２６ｓｈｏｗs

theresultsofSerapeuminSaqqara， Theexperimentwasexecuteduppertheknowncavities．

－１８－

4．TheresultsofgravitysurveyatGizａ

A）ResultsinKing，sChamber

Theresidualvaluesrangeｆｒｏｍ－４０～＋３０浬Gals， Thethreenegativeanomaliesare

locatedatthenortheastcomer，southeastcornerandsouthwestcomｅｒｏｆｔｈｅＫｉｎｇ，sChamber'ｓ

floor・ Fig.２７showstheresidualanomalymap・ Themainpositiveanomalyislocateｄａｔｔｈｅ

Ｔｈｅｒｅｓｕｌｔofelectromagneticsurveyshowstheabnormalreflectionbelowthecenｔｅｒｏｆｔｈｅｒｏｏｍ、

floorofthesouthwestcornerandnortheastcorner、 Theresultoftheelectromagneticsurvey

agreeswithitofthegravitysｕｒｖｅｙａｔｔｈｅｔｗｏｐａｒｔｓ， Buttheelectromagneticsurveydoesnot

showtheabnormalreflectionatthesoutheastcorner．

B）ResultsinHorizontalPassage

ThiszonewassurveyedbyFrenchteam・ Fig.２８ｓｈｏｗｓｔｈｅｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｏｆｔｈｅｐｒｏｆｉｌｅｏｆｔhe

Towardstheentryofthepassage,apositivezone（＋１５０ﾉf4Gals)ｓｈｏｗｓｕｐ，residualanomaly・

whiletowardstheQueen'sChamber,astrongnegativefeature(－６０ﾉaGals)isvisible Quantative

analysisisverydifficultbecausedataareonlyavailablealongthetwotightlyspacedprofiles・ＢｕｔｔｈｅＴｈｅｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｏｆｔｈｉｓｓｕｒｖｅｙｃｏinsidewiththeobservatiｏｎｍａｄｅｂｙＦｒｅｎｃｈｔｅａｍ

ｖａｌｕｅｏｆｔｈｅｐｏsitiveanomalyofthisresultislagerthanthatofFrenchobservation．

Ｃ）ResultsaroundGreatSphinx

AtfirstthegravitymeasurementwasconductedatthefrontofGreatSphinx(Fig.２９ａｎｄ

30)．Theresidualvaluesrangesfrom-30Ｇａｌｓｔｏ＋４０Gals・ Themaintwonegative

anomaliesareｌｏｃａｔｅｄａｔｔｈｅｎｏｒｔｈｓｉｄｅａｎｄａｔｔｈｅｃenterpartofthissurveyarea（－２０～－３０

Gals)．Thetwopositiveanomaliesisdistributedattheeastandwestside（－２０～－４０Gals)．

ＮｅｘｔｔｈｅｓｕｒｖｅｙｗａｓｅｘｅｃｕｔｅｄａｔｔｈｅｎorthernpartofGreatSphinx・ Ｆｉｇ３１ｓｈｏｗｓｔｈｅ

ｓｕｒｖｅｙａｒｅａａｎｄｔｈｅｒesultofthemeasurement．Themainlargenegativeanomaly(－１００Gals)is

locatedinalongandslenderareabesidethetrunkofGreatSphinx、

ThirdlythegravitysurveywasdoneatthesouthempartofGreatSphinx・ Theresultsanｄ

ｔｈｅｓｕｒｖｅｙａｒｅａａｒｅｓｈｏｗｎｉｎＦｉ9．３２．Thenegativeanomalyisalsodistributedinalongand

slenderareabesiｄｅｔｈｅｔｒｕｎｋ・

ForthlythesurveywasexecutedbesideleftforelegofGreatSphinx、 Ｆｉｇ３３ｓｈｏｗｓｔｈｅ

ｒｅｓｕｌｔａｎｄｔｈｅｍｅａｓｕrementline・ Thepositiveanomalyattheeastpartandnegativeanomalyat

thewestpartofthelinearelocated．Ｔｈｅｖａｌｕｅｏｆｔｈｅｎｅｇａｔｉｖｅａｎｏｍａｌｙｉｓａｂｏｕｔ－４０

Ｇａｌｓ、 Thesituationofthenegativeanomalycoinsidewiththeplaceobtainedthestrongreflection

fromtheelectromagneticmethod．

－１９－

（Ｕク』４．（◎〔己、）ワ』４．（○（己（Ｕワ』４．（○（己、）ワ』４．

１１１１１２２２２２３３３

Receivin9antenna

’

IＩ

Fig.１Anexampleofthepathsofelectromagneticwaves

－２０－

３６ｍ

０２４６８１０１２１４１６１８２０２２２４ｍ

０２４６８０２４６８０２４６８０２４

１１１１１２２２２２３３３

Receivin9antenna

|耐 ０．５

Transmissionantenna

０２４６８１０１２１４１６１８２０２２２４ｍ

－２１－

３６ｍ

Fig.２Thespeeddistributioncalculatedgeotomographymethod（ARTmethod）

Receivin9antenna

Fig.３Speedcountermap

tenna

８

０２４６８

１１

１

４６８０２４６８０２４

１１１２２２２２３３３

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Fig.４Blockdiagramoftheundergroundradarsystem

Transmis▽

八

Fig.５Blockdiagramofradarsystemusedinthetransmissionmethod

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ＳｗＩ【EnIn

I『anSmI【tIn

rEcEIvlnq

pgteEtlngdistanEE

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－２３－

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SakujiYoshimura

(1)Non-destructiveInvestigationatGizaPIateauintheSecondSeason

Asmentionedbefore，non,destructiveinvestigationsusinganelectromagneticwavesystem

andamicrogravimeterwereconductedinGizaPlateauduringthesecondpyramidsurvey・ The

purposesofthesurveyweretoreveal“theinteriorstructureofGreatPyramid'，ａｎｄ“thestructureof

GreatSphinxanditsperiphery''、 Thelocationsofinvestigation，thedeviceutilized，the

investigationmethods，andthefrequenciesoftheelectromagneticwaveswereasfollows：

A）InsideofGreatPyramid

①

②

③

④

⑤

⑥

⑦

⑧

８０ＭＨｚ

８０ＭＨｚ

８０ＭＨｚ

FloorofKing，ｓＣｈａｍｂｅｒ（ThirdBurialChamber）

Electromagneticwavesystem Reflectionmethod

Microgravimeter Gravitymeasurement

FloorofAntechamber

Electromagneticwavesystem Reflectionmethod

Microgravimeter Gravitymeasurement

WallsofGrandGallery

Electromagneticwavesystem Reflectionmethod

FloorandwallsofQueen'ｓＣｈａｍｂｅｒ（SecondBurialChamber）

Electromagneticwavesystem Reflectionmethod

FloorofQueen，sChamber

Microgravimeter Gravitymeasurement

FloorandwallsofHorizontalPassage

Electromagneticwavesystem Reflectionmethod

FloorofHorizontalPassage

Microgravimeter Gravitymeasurement

FloorandwallsofUndergroundGallery（FirstBurialChamber）

Electromagneticwavesystem Reflectionmethod

BetweenNorthemEntranｃｅａｎｄｔｈｅｎｏｒｔｈｅｍｗａｌｌｏｆＧｒａｎｄＧａ

４００ＭＨｚ,８０ＭＨｚ

４００ＭＨｚ，８０ＭＨｚ

８０ＭＨｚ

BetweenNorthernEntranceandthenorthemwallofGrandGallery

Electromagneticwavesystem Transmissionmethod８０ＭＨｚ，l50

BetweenthefloorofKing，sChamberandtheceilingofQueen，sChamber

Electromagneticwavesystem Transmissionmethod８０ＭＨｚ，１５０

－４６－

ＭＨｚ

ＭＨｚ

１

ofHorizontal⑨BetweenthefloorofGrandGalleryandtheceilingofHori2

Electromagneticwavesystem Transmissionmethod

B）OutsideofGreatPyramid

①ＧｒｏｕｎｄｏｎｔｈｅＳｅｃｏｎｄＢｏａｔＰｉｔｏｆ

Ｅｌｅｃtromagneticwavesystem

Ground

Microgravimeter

②GroundatthesouthsideofGreat

Electromagneticwavesystem

Ground

Microgravimeter

C）AreaaroundofGreatSphinx

Khufu

Reflectionmethod

Gravitymeasurement

Pyramid

Reflectionmethod

Gravitymeasurement

①Groundatthenorthsideofthetrunk

Electromagneticwavesystem Reflectionmethod

Ground

Microgravimeter Gravitymeasurement

②Ｇｒｏｕｎｄａｔｔｈｅｎｏｒｔｈｓｉｄｅｏｆｔｈｅｌｅｆｔｐaw

Electromagneticwavesystem Reflectionmethod

Ground

Microgravimeter Gravitymeasurement

③Groundofthefrontcourt

Electromagneticwavesystem Reflectionmethod

Ground

Microgravimeter Gravitymeasurement

④Ｇｒｏｕｎｄａｔｔｈｅａｒｅａｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｔｈｅｐａｗｓ

Ｅlectromagneticwavesystem Reflectionmethod

⑤Groundatthesouthsideoftherightpaw

Microgravimeter Gravitymeasurement

⑥Ｇｒｏｕｎｄａｔｔｈｅｓｏｕｔｈｓｉｄｅｏｆｔｈｅｔｒｕｎｋ

Microgravimeter Gravitymeasurement

⑦Groundatthethewesternterrace

Electromagneticwavesystem Reflectionmethod

－４７－

Passage

８０ＭＨｚ，１５０ＭＨｚ

４００ＭＨｚ，８０ＭＨｚ

４００ＭＨｚ，８０ＭＨｚ

４００ＭＨｚ，８０ＭＨｚ

４００ＭＨｚ，８０ＭＨｚ

４００ＭＨｚ，８０ＭＨｚ

４００ＭＨｚ，８０ＭＨｚ

(2)lnterpretationoftheResultsofNon-destructiveInvestigations

Datawerecollectedaccordingtotheaboveinvestigationmethods、 Exceptforthecase

whenresultsareremarkablyevident，themeaningsofthecollecteddataarenotclarifieduntila

computeranalysisofsuchdataiscompletedinthecaseoftheelectromagneticwaveinvestigationand

untiltheabove-mentionedcorrectionsareadded，inthecaseofthemicrogravimeter

examination・ Especially，computeranalysisofthedataobtainedfromtheelectromagneticwave

examinationrequiresalongtime，andtheanalysisisnowunderway，exceptforseveral

investigations，

ThecorrecteddataofgravitymeasurementsaredescribedinChapterll．Therefore,this

chapterdealswiththepresentationandinterpretationoftheresultsofelectromagneticwave

investigationforwhichcomputeranalysishasbeencompleted,ａｓｗｅｌｌａｓｔｈｅｄａｔａｗｈｏｓｅｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｗｅｒe

evidentandmeaningswereself-explanatorytosomeextentwithoutanalysis Theresultsof

gravitymeasurementsusingamicrogravimeterarealsoaddedtothedataforinterpretation．

A）lnsideofGreatPyramid

①King，sChamber(ThirdBurialChamber）

ＴｈｅｆｌｏｏｒａｎｄｔｈｅｗａｌｌｓｏｆＫｉｎｇ，sChamberwereinvestigatedusingelectromagneticwave

systemwhenthefirstpyramidsurveywasexecued．Ａｔｔｈａｔｔｉｍｅ,however,、ounusualreflections

wereobserve｡．Inthissurvey,thefloorwasreinvestigatedusingantennaswithafrequencyof

80MHzalongmeasuringlinesinstaｌｌｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｆｌｏｏｒａｓｓｈｏｗｎｉｎＦｉ9．３４．Theresultofthesurvey

wasanalyzeｄｂｙａｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｒａｎｄＰｌａｔｅ５ｉｓａｃｏｌｏｒｐlotterimageoftheresultofanalysis．Ｉｎｔｈｅ

ａｒｅａｒｉｇｈｔｔｏｔｈｅｃｅｎｔｅｒｏｆｔｈｅfigure,aportionrepresentingthesouthernpartunderthefloorofthe

granitesarcophagusisred，whichshowsastorongreflection．Thisindicatestheexistenceofa

cavitywhichwasnotdetectedintheprevioussurvey．Todefinethescaleofthecavity，itis

necessarytomakefurtheranalysisandclarifytherelationshipbetweenthecavityandthetunnel

whoseopeningislocatedonthenortherｎｆｌｏｏｒｏｆＫｉｎｇ'sChamberwhichwasexcavatedbyVyse、

Asaresultofgravitymeasurementwithamicrogravimeter，ａｎａｒｅａｗｉｔｈａnanomalywas

observedonthesoutheasterncornerofKing，sChamber．However,thisanomalywasnotdetected

byanelectromagneticwavesystem．

②Antechamber

Duringthissurvey，ｔｈｅｆｌｏｏｒａｎｄｔｈｅｗａｌｌｓｏｆｔｈｅＡｎｔｅｃｈamberweresurveyedbythe

electromagneticwavereflectionmethod．Thereflectedwavesshowedtwocaviｔｙｓａｔｔｈｅｌｏｗｅｒ

ｐａｒｔｏｆｔｈｅｉｎｓｉｄｅｏｆthewesternwall．Gravitymeasurementwithamicrogravimeteralsoshowed

ananomaly．Itisnecessarytoclarifytherelationshipbetweentheseresultsandtｈｅｔｕｎｎｅｌｗｉｔｈ

ａｎｏｐｅｎｉｎｇｉｎｉｔｓｗｅｓｔernwall．

－４８－

１

③GrandGallery

ThewallsofGrandGalleryweresurveyedusingtheelectromagneticwavereflection

system．Ｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｕｎｆａｖｏｒａｂｌｅｓｕｒｆａｃｅｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓ，theelectromagneticwavewas

disturbed．ＴｈｉｓｍａｄｅｉｔｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔｔｏｒｅａｄｔｈｅｍｏnitorimageatthesiteAtpresent，ｗｅａｒｅ

ｗａｉｔｉｎｇｆｏｒｔｈｅｃｏｍｐｌｅｔｉｏｎｏｆthecomputeranalysis．

④Queen'sChamber(SecondBurialChamber）

Inthissurvey，fourwallswereinvestigatedwiththeelectromagneticwavereflection

method．Specialattentionwaspaidtothenorthernwallsonwhichabnormalreflectionswere

observedinthefirstsurvey、

MeasuringlinesshowninFig,３６wereinstalledtosurveytheeastem,westem,southern,and

northernwalls．Thereflectionwavesindicatingacavitywasobservedinsidethewesternpartof

thenorthernwalls，asobservedinthefirstsurvey・

ＡｓｓｈｏｗｎｉｎＦｉｇ､３６，horizontalandverticalmeasuringlineswereinstalledespeciallyclosely

onthenorthernwall．Asaresult,similartothefirstsurvey，ｔｈｅｒｅｆｌｅｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｏｔｈｅｒｓｉｄｅｏｆ

ｓurfaceoftheblockdetectedat3mbeyondthenorthwall．Themonitoredimageshowsacavity

３ｍwide．IthasbeenprovenfromthereflectiontestoftheknowncavityinGreatPyramidthatthe

monitoredimageistwiceaslargeastheactualdimensio､．Takingthisfactintoconsideratio､,the

actualwidthofthecavityonthenorthernsideofthenorthemwallsiｓｊｕｄｇｅｄｔｏｂｅｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｌａｎｄ

１．５ｍ．Thisphenomenaisassumedtobecausedbytheseparationofthetransmittingantennaand

thereceivingantennaandtheirhorizontalconnectingpositionWhentheheightwasmeasuredby

verticallyplacingthetransmittingantennaandreceivingone，areflectionsuggestingacavitywas

observedatlesｓｔｈａｎｌｍｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｆｌｏｏｒ．Ｔｈｉｓｉｓｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｅｄｔｏｂｅａｌｍｏｓｔｔｈｅａctualheightofthe

cavity．Therefore,thesizeofeast-westcrosssectionofthecavityisapproximately１．５ｍｂｙｌｍ，

ｗｈｉｃｈｉｓａｌｍｏｓｔｔｈｅｓａｍｅａｓｔｈｅｓｉｚｅｏfHorizontalPassage．

⑤HorizontalPassage

lnthissurvey，thefloorandbothwallsofHorizontalPassagewereinvestigatedbythe

ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｍａｇｎｅｔｉｃｗａｖｅｒｅｆｌｅｃｔｉｏｎｓｙｓｔｅｍ，ａｎｄｔｈｅｇｒａｖｉｔｙｗａｓｍｅａｓｕｒｅｄｗｉｔｈｔｈｅ

ｍｉcrogravimeter．Ｉｎｏｒｄｅｒｔｏｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｅｔｈｅｓｈａｐｅｏｆｔｈenorthemcavityofthenorthemwall，

whichwasdetectedonthewesternpartofthenorthemwallofQueen，sChamber,theinvestigationofthewestemwallofHorizontalPassagebyanelectromagneticwavereflectionmethodhasbeenregardedasacriticalpartoｆｔｈｅｓｕｒｖeyinthisseason

TheelectromagneticwaveexaminationofHorizontalPassagewasconductedalongwiththe

measuringlinesshowninFi9．３７．Platesland2showtheimagedisplayedonthe

monitor．Ｐｌａｔｅ３ｉｓａｃｏｌｏｒＰｌｏｔｔｅｒｏｕｔｐｕｔｏｆｔheresultoftheinvestigation,onthewestemwall，analyzedbyacomputer・ＩｎＰｌａｔｅｓｌａｎｄ２,belowred,orangeandyellowfromthetop,ｔｗｏｇｒｅｅｎｌｉｎｅｓａｒｅｓｈｏｗｎｗｉｔｈａｂｌｕｅlinebetweenthem．TheseindicatetheboundariesonwhichwaveswerestronglyreflectedandthedistancesfromHorizontalPassagewereapproximately4mand5m

－４９－

respectively．Suchareflectionwasobservedintherangeofapproximately30mtowardthenorth

fromthenorthwallofQuee､，sChamber，Judgingfromthefactthattwoparallellinesofstrong

reflectionwereobservedwithlengthsof30m，ｔｈｅcavitybetweenthewallsisassumedtobea

Passageratherthanachamber．Itispresumedthatanotherpassagewhichisparallelto

HorizontalPassageexistsbeyonditswesternwall．Thisnewlydiscoveredpassagestartsfroma

pomtonlyoneblock，swidthawayfromthenorthernwallofQueen，sChamber．Thereflection

endsatapointapproximately30mnorthofQueen'sChamber．Thereforethepassageisthought

toｃｏｍｅｔｏａｎｅｎｄｈｅｒｅｏｒｔｏｔｕｒｎｗｅｓｔａｔａrightangle．Itwasnotpossibletodeterminewhichwas

thecasewiththepresentelectromagneticwaveinvestigation．Furtherinvestigationoftransmis、

sionmethodusingimproveddetectiondeviceswillbetriedinthefutureSucceedingthefirst

survey，thefloorofHorizontalPassagewasinvestigatedbytheeletromagneticwavereflection

method．Thefrequencyusedwas80MHz．Intheprevioussurvey,acavitywasdetected１．５m

underthefloor．Itextendedapproximately3mnorthwardfromthepointapproximatelyl5m

northofQueen'sChamberwhereFrenchMissionmadeaboreingreseach．Thereforetheresults

ofthesurveyｍａｄｅｂｙｔｈｅＦｒｅｎｃｈＭｉｓｓｉｏｎｕｓｉｎｇａｎａbsolutegravimeterwereconfirmed．Ｉｔｗａｓ

confirmedthatthecavityextended２．５to3mdownwardandthatsandswerepresentinit．Inthis

season，ourresearchalsorevealedthattheｒｅｗａｓｎｏｃａｖｉｔｙｉｎｔｈｅｎｏｒｔｈｏｆｔｈｅｎｏrthernmosthole

whichFrenchMissionbored．Acavitywasconfirmedtoexistarouｎｄｔｈｅ２ｎｄａｎｄｔｈｅ３ｒｄｈｏｌｅ

ｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｎｏrth．However，ａｔｔｈｅａｒｅａｓｏｕｔｈｏｆｔｈｅｈｏｌｅｓ，theexistenceofacavitywasnot

confirmedExistenceofthesandswerereconfirmedby80MHzantennas・

Inthissurvey,theeasternwallwasalsosurveyedbytheelectromagneticreflectionsystembut

nounusualreflectionwasobservedbeyondthewall・

ＴｈｅｃａｖｉｔｙｗhichFrenchMissiondiscoveredisexpectedtoextendwestward．Inorderto

confirmthis,investigationwasmadebyincliningtheantennaatanglesof30.,45.,and60obelowthe

westemwall．Sinceitisdifficulttodrawaconclusionfromthemonitoredimageduetostrong

surfacereflectionattheconnectingpointofthewallandthefloor，theinterpretationoftheresults

cannotbemadeuntilacomputeranalysisiscompleted．

⑥UndergroundChamber(FirstBurialChamber）

Inthissurvey，Ｕ､dergroundChamberwasinvestigateｄｆｏｒｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｔｉｍｅｕｓｉｎｇｔｈｅ

ｅｌｅｃｔｒomagneticwavereflectionmethod．ＡｓｓｈｏｗｎｉｎＦｉｇ､３９，measurnglineswereinstalledonthefloorofthewesternsectionwherethesurfaceconditionwasrelativelyfavorableandonthe

southern,northern,andwesternwalls．AreflectionwhichsuggestsacavityofaPProximately2mwideand2mhighwasobservedapproximately3minsidethewesternsectionofthenorthernwall．Inthisdirection,thereisanintersectionofgrottowhichextendsfromGrandGalleryandthedescendingpassage．However，ｉｔｉｓｎｏｔｒｅａｓｏｎａｂｌｅｔｏａｓｃｒｉｂｅｔｈｅｒeflectiontotheintersectionThereisapossibilityofanothercavity．Atpresent，whetherthiscavityisartificialornaturalisunknown．

－５０－

（

⑦BetweenNorthernEntranceandthenorthernwallofGrandGalleryTheareabetweenNorthernEntranceandthenorthernwallofGrandGallerywasinvestigated

forthefirsttimeinthissurveyusingatransmissionmethod．Accordingtoahypothesisofthe

FrenchMission，ｔｈｅｒｅｉｓａｈｉｄｄｅｎｐａｓｓａｇｅａｔｔｈｉｓｐｏｓitionwhichdirectlyleadsfromNorthem

EntrancetoGrandGallery．Thedistanceisapproximately50m．Iftherewereapassageand

ahollowspaceastheyspeculated,the80MHzelectromagneticwavesusedinthissurveyhadpassed

through．WesettheantennasforthereceiversandtransmittersnearthecopestoneatNorthem

EntranceandonthenorthemwallofGrandGalleryrespectively．Investigationswasmadeon7

points．（Fig.４０）However，nopenetrationofelectromagneticwaveswasobservedatany

point．Althoughthemeasurngpointswehadselectedmightnotbelocatedatbotｈｅｎｄｏｆｔｈｅ

ｐａｓｓａｇｅｓｐｅｃｕｌａｔｅｄｂｙＦｒenchMission,theinvestigationsmadefromthesevenmeasuringpointsare

considereｄｔｏｈａｖｅｃｏｖｅｒｅｄａｌｍｏｓｔａｌｌｔｈｅａｒｅａｓｗｈｅｒｅｔｈｅｐａｓｓａｇｅｗａｓａｓｓｕｍｅｄｔｏｅｘistbecause

electromagneticwavesｗｅretransmittedspreadingattheangｌｅｏｆ３０｡．Therefore,theresultsof

thissurveywererathernegativeregardingtheexistenceofthepassagespeculatedbytheFrench

Mission．However,sincethissurveywasthefirstinvestigationusingatransmissionmethod,we

wouldliketoavoiddrawinghastyconclusions．Wewillsurveyandconfirmthisresultinthenext

surveyusingmoreimproveddevices．

⑧BetweenthefloorofKing，sChamberandtheceilingofQueen'sChamber

TheareabetweenthefloorｏｆＫｉｎｇ，sChamberandtheceilingofQueen，sChamberwas

investigatedbytheelectromagneticwavetransmissionmetho｡．（Fig.４０）Thedistanceis

approximately20mSinceitwasconfirmedinJapanthatanelectromagneticwaveof80MHzwas

capableofpenetratingatleast20m，thewavewasexpectedtopassthroughthe

distanceActually，however，thewavewasattenuatedandbarelypassedthrough，probably

becauseofionizedsaltco､tainedinthestones，whichwascausedbyhighhumidityproducedby

sightseers，exhalationandundergroundwater，whichinfluencedthestonesbyacapillary

phenomenaAsaresult，novisibledatawereobtained．

B）OutsideofGreatPyramid

①ＴｈｅｓｅｃｏｎｄＢｏａｔＰｉｔｏｆＫｈｕｆｕ

ｌｎｔｈｅｆｉrstsurvey,investigationbytheelectromagneticwavereflectionmethodwasmadeon

thelimestonelidswhichwereplacedonthepitwherethesecondKhufu，sboatwasconsideredtobe

stored．Ａｔｔｈａｔｔｉｍｅ,areflectiontosuggestacavitywasobservedunderlidswithanaverage

thicknessof１．７ｍ．Judgingfromtheirregularreflectｉｏｎｏｂｓｅｒｖｅｄａｔｔｈｅｄｅｐｔｈｏｆ３ｍｏｒless，

theexistenceofmanykindsofmaterialsatthbottomofthespacewashighlypossible．Asimilar

resultwasobtainedinthissurvey，inwhichanelectromagneticwaveof80MHzfrequencywas

used．Then，theboringsurveyconductedbytheAmericanMissioninOctoberthesameyear

revealedaccumulationofwoodenmaterialfortheboat．Thisprovestheaccuracyofthe

－５１－

electromagneticwavesurvey．

②ＳｏｕｔｈｓｉｄｅｏｆＧｒｅａｔＰｙｒａｍｉｄ

ｌｎｔｈｅｆｉrstsurvey，ｉｎvestigationbytheelectromagneticwavereflectionmethodwas

conductedintheareasouthofGreatPyrami｡．（Fig.４１）Areflectionwhichsuggestedacavity

wasobservedinthewesternSectionofthesurveyedarea．Thecavityseemedtorepresentapit

whichwasapproximately3mwide,２ｍlong,ａｎｄ３ｔｏ５ｍｄｅｅｐ．Inthissurvey,measuringliｎｅｓ

ｗｅｒｅｃｒｏｓｓｄａｓｓｈｏｗｎｉｎＦｉ９．４１andinvestigationwasmadeusiｎｇａｎｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｍａｇｎｅｔｉｃｗａｖｅｏｆ８０

ＭＨｚfrequency．Theexistenceofthepitwasconfirmed．

C）AreaaroundofGreatSphinx

①ＡｒｅａｎｏｒｔｈｏｆｔｈｅｔｒｕｎｋｏｆＧｒｅａｔＳｐｈｉnx

lnthefirstsurvey，areflectionsuggestingacavitywasobservedinareflectionmethod

investigationusinganelectromagneｔｉｃｗａｖｅｏｆｌ５０ＭＨｚ．Asimilarcavitywasrecognizedonthe

southernpartofthebody．Consequently,theexistenceofatunnelwhichranthroughunderthe

Sphinxbodyfromnorthtosouthwasspeculated．Thesameplacewasinvestigatedwithan

electromagneticwaveof80MHzinthissurvey．Thesamereflectionwasobservedagain．It

isbelievedtoconfirmtheexistenceofthecavityafterconductingthecleaninginthefuture・

Inaddition,astrongreflectiondividingthefrontpartofthebodyintoeasternandwestern

partswasobserved,whichsuggestedthepossibilityofagapoflimestoneunderbaserockthisspot．

②AreanorthｏｆｔｈｅｌｅｆｔｐａｗｏｆＧｒｅａｔＳｐｈｉｎｘ

ｌｎｔｈｅfirstsurvey,aninvestigationbyanelectromagneticwavereflectionmethodwasmade

inthisarea．Astrongreflectionwhichextendedapproximately7mfromeasttowestand

approximatelyL5mfromnorthtosouthwasobservedatadepthofabout１．５ｍ．Fromthis

reflection,theexistenceofsomethingotherthanlimestonewaspresumed．Inthissurvey,the

measuringlinewasinstalledasｓｈｏｗｎｉｎＦｉｇ､４２ａｎｄａｎｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｍａｇｎｅｔｉｃｗａｖｅｏｆ８０ＭＨzwas

used．Ｐｌａｔｅ４ｉｓａｃｏｌｏｒｐｌｏｔｔｅｄｉｍａｇｅｏｆｔｈeresultanalyzedbyacomputer．Intheright

portionofthisfigure，ａｒｅｄｓｅｃｔｉｏｎｃａｎｂｅｓｅｅｎ．Thisistheareawherethereflectionwas

especiallystrong．Theresultobtainedinthissurveywas,therefore,ｔｈｅｓａｍｅａｓｔｈｅｐｒｅｖｉｏｕｓ

ｏｎｅ．

③ThefrontcourtofGreatSphinx

ThefrontcourtofGreatSphinxconsistsofaplatformwherelimestoneblocksarearranged

artificially．Inthefirstsruveyusingelectromagneticwavemethod,aratherstrongreflection

wasobservedatadepthof１．５munderthefrontcourt．Thespotisontheextendedcenterlineof

GreatSphinxandsuggestedapossibilityofacavity・Inthissurvey,areflectionmethodwas

adoptedusinganelectromagneticwaveof80MHz．Measuringlineswereplaceｄｆｒｏｍｅａｓｔｔｏ

ｗｅｓｔａｓｓｈｏｗｎｉｎＦｉ9.43.Thereflectionwasnotsignificantascomparedwiththeoneobtained

intheprevioussurvey・Ｉｔｗａｓｆｏｕｎｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅｅｘｉｓｔｅｎｃｅｏｆｔｈecavitycouldnotbeconfirmed

－５２－

withoutaboringoperation．

④ＢｅｔｗｅｅｎｔｈｅｐａｗｓｏｆＧｒｅａｔＳｐｈｉｎｘ

ｌｎｔhefirstsurvey，ｔｈｅａｒｅａｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｔｈｅｐａｗｓｏｆＧｒｅａｔＳｐhinxwasinvestigatedbyan

electromagneticwavereflectionmethod．Ａｔｔｈａｔｔｉｍｅ，althoughirregularreflectionwas

intensiveandthemeasurementwasnotsufficientlyaccurate,ａｃａｖｉｔｙｗａｓａｓｓｕｍｅｄｔｏｅｘｉｓｔｌｏｒ２ｍ

ｕnderthegroundandthepossibilityoftherelationwiththecavityunderthefrontcourtwasalso

considere｡．Inthissurvey,areflectiondifferentfromtheprevioussurveywasobtainedwhenan

electromagneticwaveof80MHzwasusedThus,asurveyshouldbeconductedagainwitha

differentfrequency．Wearemakingacomputeranalysisoftheresultsofthissurvey,andthe

differencebetweentheresultsofthissurveyandthepreviousoneusingelectromagneticwaveof

l５０ＭＨｚ．

⑤WesternterraceofGreatSphinx

Thisareahasnotbeenexcavated．ThisisrarearoundGreatSphinx．Inthissurvey，

theundergroundwassurveyedbytheelectromagneticwavereflectionmethodfromthe

surface．ＡｓｓｈｏｗｎｉｎＦｉｇ,44,eightmeasuringlineswereinstalledfromeasttowestandlOfrom

northｔｏｓｏｕｔｈＴｈｅａｒｅａｃｏｖｅｒｅｄｉｎｔｈｉｓｗａｙwasapproximately50m2．Ｏｎｔｈｅｅａｓｔｓｉｄｅ,a

bedrockwasdetectednearthesurfａｃｅｏｆｔｈｅｅａｒｔｈＯｎｔｈｅｗｅｓｔｓｉｄｅ,abedrockwasburied

ratherdeepinside．Ｉｔｉｓｏｂｖｉｏｕｓｆｒｏｍｔｈｉｓｒｅｓｕｌｔｔｈａｔｖariousremainsunderthedesert．Ｉｔ

ｓｅｅｍｓｔｈａｔｔｈｅｗａｌｌｓｏｆＴｈｕｔｍｅｓｌＶ，remaindersofwallswhichBaraizebuilttopreventthe

landslideduringexcavation,andmanyotherconstructionsareleftunderground．Wewillmakea

excavationinthisareatorevealtheconditionsofunderground，whilecomparingtheresultsof

electromagneticwaveinvestigationsandtheactualexcavations．

(3)Contributionofnon-destructiveinvestigationtothehisto『ｙｏｆＧｉｚａ

Asmentionedbefore，ｔｈｅｐｕｒｐｏｓｅｏｆｔｈｅｎｏｎ､destructiveinvestigationinthesecondsurvey

wastoreveal“theinteriorstructureofGreatPyrａｍｉｄ''ａｎｄ“thestructureofGreatSphinxandits

periphery”withoutdestroyingtherelics、 Althoughwecouldnotdrawadefiniteconclusiontothe

itemswepresentedasmainpurposes,wehaveobtainedsignificantresultswhichmaycontributeto

theabovepurposesandtheobjectivesofthismissionmentionedinChapterl．Thefollowingarethearchaeologicalsignificancesoftheseresults・

Ｉｎｔｈｅｓｕｒｖｅｙｓｍａｄｅｕｎｔｉｌｎｏｗ,thepossibilitiesofunknownspace,ｓｕｃｈａｓａｎｅｗｐａｓｓａｇｅｉｎｔｈｅｎｏｒｔｈｏｆＱueen'sChamber,havebeenrevealedbyscientificmethods・ Althoughthepresenceof

suchcavitiesinsideGreatPyramidanditsrateofcavityhadbeendiscussed，itwasdifficultto

scientificallyprovethehypothesis・ Therefore,thesepossibilitieswerenotwidelyacceptedfrom

thescientificandhistricalviewpoints・ However,ｉｔｉｓｎｏｗｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅｔｏｅｓｔｉｍａｔｅｔｈｅｌｏcationand

scaleofthesespacesbasedonscientificmethods・ Ｆｒｏｍｎｏｗｏｎ,discussionsshouldbeheldabout

－５３－

GreatPyramidandotherpyramids，takingthepresenceofsuchunknowncavitiesinto

consideration・ Then,theconventionaltheoriesontheinterpretationofthepyramidsinEgyptwill

becorrected．ManyreligiousbuildingsinancientEgypthavesymmetricalstructures．As

viewedfromQueen，sChamber,thepassagewhichisspeculatedtocontinuefromthenorthsideof

Queen'sChamberintheprevioussurveyandinthissurveyissupposedtobelocatedsymmetrically

withrespecttotheexistingpassagefromQueen，sChamber・ Suchastructuremaybeinterpreted

bａｓｅｄｏｎｔｈｅsymbolismofGreatPyramid，whichislaterdiscussedintheconsiderationof

architecturalhistory・

Thefirstandthesecondsurveysrevealedthatheretoforeunknowncavitiesexistaround

GreatSphinx，andthatthestructuresaremorecomplicatedthanwasconventionally

thought．SinceGreatSphinxwasbuiltbyexcavatingabedrock,itisdifficulttodeterminethe

reiｇｎｏｆｔｈｅｓｐｅｃｉｆｉｃＫｉｎｇｉｎｗｈｉｃｈｉｔｗａsbuilt．Bymakingfurtherinvestigationsonthespot

wherethestorongreflectionwasobserved,ａｎｄontheunknownperipheralspaces,apossibilityof

findingacluefortｈｅｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅａｇｅｗｉｌｌｂｅｄevelopedltwasalsoclarifiedinthe

surveysthatanunexcavatedremainｓｅｘｉｓｔｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｓｏｕｔｈｓｉｄｅｏｆＧｒeatSphinxthroughthe

investigationsmadeonthewesternterraceofthisarea、 Theexcavationofthisareawillalsｏｇｉｖｅ

ａｈｉｎｔｉｎｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｉｎｇｔｈｅａｇｅ・

Sincenon､destructiveinvestigationsmadebｙｏｕｒｍｉｓｓｉｏｎａｒｅｓｏ､calledremoteinvestigations

withoutactualexcavation,itmaybedifficulttodrawadecisiveconclusion、 Ｔｈｅｃｏｎｃｌｕｓｉｏｎｗｉｌｌ

ｂｅｆｏｒｍｅｄｉｎｄｕｅｃｏｕrsebyarchaeologicalexcavations、

However，webelievethatthedatacollectedfromsuchnon-destructiveinvestigations,which

avoidunnecessarydestructionofrelics,willrevealmoreaboutnumerousrelicsoftheancientEgypt

includingthePyramidsofGiza．

－５４－

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ＩＮＴＨＥＳＥＣＯＮＤＳＥＡＳＯＮ

(1)Introduction

TakeshiNakagawa

KazuakiSeki

ShinichiNishimoto

InordertomakearchitecturalresearchonthestructureofthePyramidofKhufuandits

purpose，itisindispensabletohavereliableandhighlyprecisedrawings・ Ｉｆｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｓａｒｅｎｏｔ

ｍａｄｅｂａｓｅｄｏｎｓuchprecisedrawings,theresearcheswillbemeaningless、 Manymeasurements

havebeenmadeonGreatPyramidsincethebeginningofthel9thcentury、 However，the

numericalvaluesobtainedhavenotbeeneffectivelyutilizedtoclarifythestructureofthe

Pyramid．Therefore,ourobjectivewassettoobtainfundamentaldatatomakearchitectural

researchesofGreatPyramidbytakingactualmeasurementsofthedetailsinsidethepyramid

Asreferences,weusedmeasurementdrawingsfrom”Ｌ，architetturadellepiramidimenfite,４'’

１９６５byMaragiolio，Ｖ、ａｎｄＲｉｎaldi，Ｃ､Ａ、ｗｈｉｃｈｉｓｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｅｄｔｏｂｅｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｒｅliabledrawing

published．Anothertargetwastopreparemoreaccuratedrawingsthantheirs．Highlyprecise

measurementcouldbeachievedbecausealightwavemeterwasusedtomeasurethedimensionsofthe

pyramid．

(2)OutIineoftheMeasurements

lnthissurvey，actualmeasurementsweretakenonthefollowingpartsinGreatPyramid．

①Confirmationofthelengthofonesideofthepyramid

②MeasurementofthepositionofNorthernEntrancewhichisshiftedeastwardfromthecenter

lineofthepyramid

③ActualmeasurementofKing，sChamber(excludingso,calledChamberofRelievedGravity）

④ActualmeasurementofAntechamber

⑤ActualmeasurementofQueen'sChamber

⑥ActualmeasurementofHorizontalPassagewhichleadstoQueen'sChamber

⑦ActualmeasurementofUndergroundChamber

⑧ActualmeasurementofthevicinityofNorthernEntrance

ForKing'sChamber,Antechamber,Queen'sChamber,andHorizontalPassagewhichleadsto

Queen'sChamber，ｔｏｐｖｉｅｗｓ，planeviewsoftheceilinganddevelopmentsofeachsidewere

－６６－

prepared、Inordertoupgradethequalityofthedrawingsasamaterial,jointsofstonesand

observedcrackswereentered

ForthevicinityofNorthernEntrance,topviewandeastwestsideviewswerepreparedAMeasurementofwallsinUndergroundlarge-scalemapofthecopestonewaspreparedseparatelｙ・

Theoveralllength,height,andwidthofGrandChamberChamberwerenotconductedatthistime・

weremeasured．However,stonejointsandceilingswerenotmeasure｡．Ａlarge､sizescaffold

Therefore,themeasurementwillisrequiredtomeasuretheceilingsandupperpartofthewalls・

ｂｅｍａｄｅｎｅｘｔｔｉｍｅ．

(3)MeasurementOfthePositionofNorthemEntrancewhichisShiftedEastwardfromtheCenterLineofGreatPyramid．

TheeastwarddeviationofNorthernEntrancefromthecenterlineoftheｐｙｒａｍｉｄｗａｓ

ｌｔｗａｓｆｏｕｎｄｏｕｔｔｈａｔｔｈｅeastwardpreciselymeasuredandcalculatedusingalightwavemeter，

ｄｅｖｉａｔｉｏｎｗａｓａｂｏｕｔ７ｍ２８ｃｍｆｒｏｍｔｈｅcenterline,whichwasmadebyconnectingthecenterofthe

northernbaseandtheapexofGreatPyramid・

ComparedtothemeasurementdrawingsbyMaragiolioandRinaldi，ｗｅｗｅｒｅａｂｌｅｔｏｆｉｌｌｕｐ

ｏｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｓａｎｄcorrectmisunderstandingsonseveraldetailsthroughthismeasurement．

(4)ArchitecturalConsiderations

-TheCompIexOrganizationofInteriｏｒＲｏｏｍ－

ｌｎｔｈｅｈｉｓｔｏｒｙｏｆＰｙｒａｍｉｄ,ｔｈｅＫｈｕｆｕ，sconstructionofinteriorspacesisespeciallyunique,but

notisolated．Ａｓｗｅｌｌａｓｔｈｅｌａｒｇｅｓｔｓｃａｌｅａｎｄｔｈｅｍostskillfulbuilding,ｉｔｓｈｏｕｌｄｂｅｒｅｇａｒｄｅｄｔｈｅ

Ｋｈｕｆｕｉｓｔｈepeakofthecomplexorganizationofinteriorrooms・

TheinteriorcomplexofKhufu'sismorecleararticulatedthantheＢｅｎｔＰｙｒａｍｉｄａｎｄｔｈｅＲｅｄ

ＰｙｒａｍｉｄａｔＤａｈｓｈｕｒｉｎｔｈｅｍｅａｎｉｎｇｏｆｔｈｅｔｈｒｅｅｃｈambersconstruction・ AndthatofKhafraandof

MenkauraaremorereducedandsimplifiedthanthepyramidofKhufu，forsymbolicmeaningin

details・ Therefore，themeaningoftheKhufu'ｓｉｎｔｅｒｉｏｒｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｃａｎｂｅｓａｉｄｔｏｈａｖegenerality

throughtheTruePyramｉｄＴｈｅｎｗｅｍｕｓｔｔａｋｅｂｉｇｃａｒｅｏｆｔｈｒｅｅgranitestonesstuffedatthe

crossway,ascendingcorridoranddescendingcorridor・ Thereisnospacebetweenstuffedstones

andwall，sotheywerestuffedwhenascendingcorridorwasconstructed，notfallenasanusual

theory， Therefore，ｔｈｅｙｓｈｏｕｌｄｂｅｇｉｖｅｎｓｕｃｈａｓｙｍｂｏｌｉｃmeaning Accordingtothisstuffed

stones，thePyraｍｉｄｏｆＫｈｕｆｕｗａｓａｂｌｅｔｏａｒｒａｎｇｅｔｈｅｉnteriorcomplexarticulately，

ＴｈｅＴｒｕｅＰｙｒａｍｉｄｉｓｎｏｔｏｎｌｙｔｈｅｈｕｇｅｔｏｍｂｏｆｔｈｅｐｈａｒａｏｈ，ｂｕｔａｌｓｏａｓｙｍｂｏｌｏｆＫｉｎｇ,s

authorityitself．Ｏｎｔｈｅｏｔｈｅｒｈａｎｄ,thetraditionalmeaninghavebeencontinuedthatthePyramid

wasthetoｍｂｏｆｔｈｅｐｈａｒａｏｈ．TheKhufushakedoffthustraditionａｔｆｉｒｓｔａｎｄｔｈｅｎｂｅｃｏｍｅｔｏｂｅ

－６７－

abletodevelopdrasticallyontheinteriorcompelx・ Themeaningofunknownhollowspaceandthe

particularsandshouldbeconsideredunderthisthinking、

Ｓｏ,Queen，sChambershouldbecorrespondedtothisworldorKing'sPalace，ａｎｄKing's

ChamberandtheupperstructuretotheworldbeyondonHeaven,andGrandGallerytoCeremonySpaceareconnectingthem・ ThePyramidmadetheremarkableprogressofsymbolicpowerwhen

hecouldgaintheinvisibleinteriorcomplexincludingbothspacesknownandunknown．

(5)ConcIusion

Ourarchitecturalinvestigationprovedthatthefollowingshouldbeincludedinthe

comprehensiveresearch・

Preparationofobjectiveandprecisemeasurementdrawingsisabasicmeansof

research．Topicsoftheresearchwhicharelisｔｅｄｉｎｏｕｒｐｌａｎａｒｅａｓｆｏｌｌｏｗｓ．

①Detailsoftheinteriorspaceofthepyramid・Especially,analysisofthesystemandthe

dimensionsofsurfacemasonry．

②AnalysisofthedesignmethodRestorationofdesigndimensionsandscale,andrelativerelations．

③Restorativeconsiderationforeachpartofthepyramidandinterpretationoffunctions．

④Determiningthepositionsoftheunknowninnerspaces．

⑤ToconsiderPyramidBuildingTheories,acomprehensiveandcomparativestudyincluding

preciseanddetailedmeasuringattheinteriorcomplexoｎｔｈｅｈｉｓｔｏｒｙｏｆｐｙｒamids．

⑥AmodelexperimentofthewholesuperstructureofGreatPyramidbythelight-elasticitymethod．

⑦Ｒｅ､investigationofthePyramidsofGizafromtheviewpointofnecropolisplanning．

－６８－

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ＩＮＳＩＤＥＯＦＧＲＥＡＴＰＹＲＡＭｌＤ

ShojiTonouchi

Itisnecessarytoresearchthephysicalpropertyofexecutingofphysicalprospect．The

X-rayanalysisandmicroscopicobservationofthesand,limestoneandgranite、 Therecrystaliza、

ｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｃｏｒａｌａｎｄｓｈｅｌｌａｒｅｏｆｔｅｎobservedlngeneral，violentrecrystalizationisseenby

microscopicobservation， ＴｈｅｌｉｍｅｓｔｏｎｅｆｒｏｍｐｙｒａｍｉｄａｔＧｉｚａｃontainedmostlycalsitepartly

areobservedplunktonicandbenthicforaminifera,quartzandplagioclase・ Fromtheresultthisis

muddylimestone，ａｎｄitseemsthatthiscausestheattenuationofelectromagneticwaves

ltiｓｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｅｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅｒｏｃｋｎａｍｅｏｆｔｈispinkishgraniteisgranodiorite,containedminerals

arequarts,biotite,hornblend,plagioclase,magnetiteandKfeldspar・ Thisrockbelongstousual

granodioriteexceptofthealminumrich．Accordingtheresultoftheexperiment，therelative

dielectricconstantshowsthevalueof5asothergraniteoftheworldButattenuationrateissmall

valueofabout２．３．

WegainedthefollowingimportantfactthatthesandinsideGreatPyramidfromFrench

mission，ssurveyisquitediffierentfromthatfromGizaPlateauandSaqqaradistrict．（P1.

6）However,ｔｈｅｓａｎｄｉｓｎｏｗｏｎｔｈｅｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｏｆｍｉｎｅralanalysis．Ｔｈｅsandfoundinsideof

GreatPyramidbyFrenchmissioniscomposedmostlywithquartzandpoorlyplagioclase・ It

composedquartzmorethan99％andisgenerallycalledquartzsand．Ｔｈｅｓｉｚｅｏｆｔｈｅｇｒａｉｎｓｉｓ

ｌａｒｇｅｗｈｉｃｈｉｓｆｒｏｍｌＯＯｔｏ４００ｍｉｃｒｏｎ、 ThesandcollectedfromthesouthofPyramidcontains

mineralsofmostlycalsite,quartz,andplagioclase.(P1.9）Asthecharacteristicofthatistheｓｉｚｅ

ｏｆｔｈｅｓａｎｄｉｓｍｏｓｔｌｙｓｍａｌｌｌｅｓｓｔｈａｎｆｒｏｍｌＯｔｏｌＯＯｍｉｃｒｏｎａｎｄｅｖｅｒｙｇrainisangular，namely，

autochthonous・ Ｉｔｓｈｏｗｓｔｈａｔｔｈｅｓａｎｄｗａｓｆｏｒｍｅｄａｔｔｈｅｓａｍｅｐｌａｃｅ Ｔｈｅｓａｎｄｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｅａｓｔ

ｓideofSphinxandfromthedesertbehｉｎｄＰｙｒａｍｉｄａｒｅａｌｍｏｓｔｔｈｅｓａｍｅａｓｉｔｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｓｏuthof

Pyramid(P1.8ａｎｄ９)．ThesandsampledfromSaqqaraisalsｏｔｈｅｓａｍｅ,andthereisanobvious

differentfrｏｍｔｈｅｓａｎｄｆｒｏｍｉｎｓｉｄｅｏｆｔｈｅＰｙｒａｍｉ｡．

ThesandfrominsideofGreatPyramiｄｈａｓｔｈｅｌｉｎｅｓｃｒｅａｔｅｄｂｙｗｉｎｄｏｎｔｈｅsurfaceofthe

quartzgrain・ ItisimportantwhythisparticularsandexistsinsidethePyramid．Itis

consideredthatthesandwasusedontheconstructionorthemaintenanceofPyramid．Ithinkthat

thisfactmeansalot,thekeyofconstructionofPyramid．Thequestionsisthatwhetherthiskｉｎｄ

ｏｆｓａｎｄｅｘｉｓｔｓｉｎｏｔｈｅｒｐａｒｔｏｆｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄ？Fromtheliteratures，Ifounditdistributesatafew

placesintheworld．TherearesomeplacesinJapan,alsoanditiscalled"weepingsand"becauseit

makesoundbywindblowingandorbysteppingwithfeet．Itisconsideredthatthereasontomａｋｅ

ｓｏｕｎｄｉｓｔｈａｔｔｈｅｓａｎｄｒｕｂｓｅａｃｈother，ａｎｄａｌｓｏｉｓｃａｌｌｅｄ“ｍｕｓｉｃｓand”ｉｎｏｔｈｅｒｐａｒｔｏｆｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄ．

－８６－

ＴｈｅｍｕｓｉｃｓａｎｄｉｓｃｏｍｐｏｓｅｄａｌｍｏｓｔｌＯ０％ofquartzandisrelativelylargegrainsize・ Itis

difficulttoseparatethosefromigneousrockevenwithmoderntechniquesothat，itisoutof

considerationforAnciantEgyptiantohavesuchtechniqueoｒｔｏｃａｒｒｙｉｔｆｒｏｍ,Mteratureandfoundthe

musicsandaｔＡｂｓｗｅllanearTurmSinaiPeninsula， Ｔｈｉｓsurveyofthisplacewasconducted，

becauseaBedwinsaidthatthesandmａｋｅｓｏｕｎｄＴｈｅｆｅａｔｕｒｅｉｓｔｈｅｓａｍｅａｓｔhesandfrominside

thePyramid,ａｎｄitisconsideredthatgraniteatMt・Sinaiweatheredandtransportedtoｔｈｅｓｅａ,in

Afterseaconsequencethequartzseparatesothermineralsaccordancewithdensityandsize・

bottomrisesanddistributeinsediment．Furthermore,thesedimentisweatheredandquartzsand

isformed・

Ｆｒｏｍｎｏｗ,weintendtodomineralanalysistojudgewhetherthesandfromGreatPyraｍｉｄｈａｓ

thesamecharacteristicasthemusiｃｓａｎｄ・

Aswandistrictwhichgranitedistribute．

constructionofPyramid．

Furthermore,itisnecessaryforustoinvestigatｅｔｈｅ

ｌｔｈｉｎｋｔｈｉｓｆａｃｔｉｓｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｉｎｔｈｅｓｔｕｄｙｏｎｔｈｅ

－８７－

ⅥConcIusion

SakujiYoshimura

Ｗｅ，theWasedaUniversityPyramidlnvestigationMission，isintendedtomakeclear

"NecropolisProjectattheGizaPlateau.” Atthebeginningtheinvestigationofthefirstsurveyis

concentratedｏｎ“clarificationofthepurposeofbuildingGreatPyramid.”SinceHerodotus,many

peoplethoughtthat“thepyramidsweretombsofkings,，'andthusinherenttreasureshouldbｅｌｅｆｔｉｎ

ＧｒｅａｔＰｙｒａｍｉｄａｓｗｅｌｌａｓｏｔｈerpyramids,andthusthereshouldbeunknownchambersstoringthe

inherenttreasurｅｉｎａｄｄｉｔｉｏｎｔｏｔｈｅｃｈａｍｂｅｒｓｔｈａｔｈａdalreadybeenfound．Ｏｎｔｈｅｏｔｈｅｒｈａｎｄ，

thereisabeliefthatGreatPyramidwasexcavatedforpiracybeforetheinvasionofAlMamuninthe

ninthcenturyandthattheinherenttreasurewasalreadystolen、 Thesebeliefsstemfromthe

belieftｈａｔＧｒｅａｔＰｙｒａｍｉｄｉｓｔｈｅｔｏｍｂｏｆｋｉｎｇａｓｗｅｌｌａｓｔｈｅｔｏｍｂｓｉｎｔｈｅＫｉｎｇ'ｓＶａｌｌｅｙｉｎｔｈｅＮｅｗ

Ｋingdom、

Ourtheorysetasidesuchabelief,ａｎｄｓｔａｒｔｓｆｒｏｍｗｈａｔｉｓｔｈｅｐｕｒｐｏｓｅｆorbuildingGreat

Pyramid．ThisdoesnotmeanaboldprojecttoreevaluatepyramidsalloverEgypt,butaproject

usedtoproceedtothenextstepbyclarifyingGreatPyramidwiththemostcomplicatedintemal

structure、 Ofcourse,itisneedlesstosaythatcomparisonwithotherpyramidsisessentialinthe

observation・

ＴｈｅｒｅａｒｅｍanymysteriesaboutGreatPyramidfromancienttimes、 Theymaybeareas

thatcannotyetbeexplained,ratherthanmysteries・ Thereisatendencyforthemtobeoverlooked

byexpertsasdiscoveriesbyamateurs・ However，eventheexpertsoriginallyknow

nothing・ Theyutilizetheaccumulationofthethoughtsofamateursinthehistory・ Thus,we

havefirsttackledsuchunexplainedareasasourstart．Ａｍｏｎｇｔｈｅｍ,ｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｍａｎｙｆａｃｔｓｔｈａｔ

ｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｃonventionallydiscussed，ｓｕｃｈａｓｔｈｅｆａｃｔｔｈａｔｔｈｅｔｒｕｅＮｏｒｔｈｅrnEntrancedeviatetothe

eastbyalittlelessthan8metersfromthecenterlineofthebase,thatthestonehidingtheentranceis

abnormallysmall,andwhyUndergroundChamberisuncompleted、Thereasonofthesefactwere

notfullyexplained，butthediscussionwasterminatedinthemiddle， Thus,wehavestartedour

investigationbyaccuratelyremeasuringtheintemalspacesthathavebeenfounduntilｎｏｗ，and

enteringthedatainathree､dimensionalreconstructionsysteｍｏｆｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｒｆｏｒstudyfromvarious

aspects・ Itwasconductedwiththecooperationofexpertsinvariousfieldsincludingthoseofthe

historyofarchitecture,thearchitecturalstructure,andtherockmechanics・ Ａｔｔｈｅｓａｍｅｔｉｍｅ,ｗｅ

ｈａｖｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄｔｈｅｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙｗｈｉｃｈｅｎａｂｌｅｓｕｓｔｏｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｅｔｈｅｉｎsｉｄｅｏｆＧｒｅａｔ

ＰｙramidVariousexperimentshaverevealedthattheelectromagneticwaveinvestigationappears

tobebestsuitablemethodThus，weconductedthefirstsurveyinJanuary，l987atGiza

Plateau・ Then，weimprovedinsufficientareassuchasthecapabilityofthemachines・ Ｔｈｅ

－８８－

.～

１１

secondsurveywasconductedinSeptember，１９８７．Thisisthereportofthatsurvey．We

concludedthatthecurrentlevelofthereflectionmethodmightbeacceptable,andthatweshouldplace

theemphasisonthetransmissionmethodfortransmittingtheentireGreatPyramid．We

developedandimprovedtheequipｍｅｎｔｆｏｒｉｔ，ａｎｄｃｏｍｐｌｅｔｅｄｉｔｉｎｔｈｅｅｎｄｏｆＭａｒｃｈ，ｔｈｉｓyear、

ThereasonwhyweplacetheemphasisonthetransmissionoftheinsideofGreatPyramidlies

inthefactthatwethinkthatthereshouldbemanychambersandpassagesinadditiontothosefound

untilnow、 ItsoriginisthatthetrueNorthemEntrancedeviatesbyalitlelessthan8meterstothe

eastfromthecenterline， Ａｂｉｇｉｍｐａｃｔｗａｓｃａｕｓｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｄｉｓｃｏｖeryofalargespacebeyondthe

wallatthewesternendofthenorthwalloftheso､calledQueen，sChamber,thatwasfoundinthefirst

survey、

Ｗｅｈａｄｈｏｐｅｆｏｒｔｈｅｆｕｔｕｒｅwhen,inthissurvey,wefoundthatthecavityisapassagesimilar

toHorizontalPassageandextendingparalleltoit,anddiscontinuesatapointneartheintersectionof

HorizontalPassagewithGrandGallery， Thisisbecausewecananticipatethatthepassagebends

tothewest,ｗｈｉｃｈｍｅａｎｓｔｈｅｒｅｉｓａｖｅryhighpossibilityoftheexistencｅｏｆａｃｈａｍｂｅｒｏｒａｐａｓｓａｇｅｏｎ

ｔｈｅｗｅｓｔ．Inotherwords，ｉｔｍｅａｎｓｔｈａｔａｃｈａｍｂｅｒｏｒａｐａｓｓａｇｅｓｉｍｉｌａｒｔｏｔｈｏｓｅｗｅｎｏｗｋｎｏｗ

ｅｘｉｓｔｓｏｎthewestside Toidentifyit，wehavetodevelopanelectromagneticwavesystemthat

canpenetrateatｌｅａｓｔｌＯＯｍ・ Becauseitappearstotakemuchtime,ａｓｔｈｅｎｅｘｔｓｔｅｐｆｏｒｔｈｅｔｉｍｅ

ｂｅｉｎｇ,wethinkthatweshouldfirstexpｌｏｒｅｉｎａｎａｒｅａｗｉｔｈｉｎ３０ｍ,byusingthetomographmethod，

suchproblemsaswhetherornottherｅｉｓａｃｈａｍｂｅｒｏｒａｐａｓｓａｇｅｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｔｈeentranceandGrand

Gallery，ｓｉｍｉｌａｒｌｙｗｈｅｔｈｅｒｏｒｎｏｔｔｈｅｒｅｉｓａｃhamberorapassagebetweentheso-calledKing，ｓ

Ｃｈａｍｂｅｒａｎｄｔｈｅｓｏ､calledQueen，sChamber，ａｎｄａｔｔｈｅｓａｍｅｔｉｍｅｈｏｗｔｈｅａｒｅａｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｂｏｔｈ

ｃｈａｍｂｅrsandUndergroundChamberappears・ Thisisbecausetheseproblemswillclarifythe

structuresbetweentheexistingspacesinGreatPyramid、

InadditiontotheclarificationofｔｈｅinternalstructureofGreatPyrami｡，theexistenceof

GreatSphinxisalsoimportanｔｆｏｒｕｓ， Alloftheresearchers，includingPetrie，whoconducted

excavationandinvestigationattheGizaplateau,wereinterestedintheoriginofthebuildingofGreat

Sphinx，anddiscussedit．However，thediscussioncontinuestothepresentdaywithoutany

definiteconclusion・

WesetasidetheconventionalapproachthatGreatSphinxisattachedtothePyramidofKing

Khafre,andintendtoconsideroftheperiodofconstruction ltmightbepossiblethattheexistence

ofGreatSphinxｌｅｔｔｏｔｈebuildingofGreatPyramidandthatthefirststructurebuiltontheGiza

plateauwasGreatSphinxanditstemple,． Ｗｅｗｉｓｈｔｏｍａｋｅｉｔｃｌｅａｒｂｙｓｔｕｄｙｉｎｇｔheobservationin

historyofarchitecture，ｔｈａｔｉｓ，theplanforthebuildingsnowexistingontheGizaplateau，by

accuratelymeasuringtheiraxesｏｆｏｒientation,andthedistancebetweenthem,ｔｈｅdirectionsandthe

anglesofthem,andbyanalyzingthemwithacomputer・ Ｗｅｂｅｌｉｅｖｅｔｈａｔｉｔｉｓｖｅｒｙｉｍｐｏｒｔａ､tin

consideringtheculturalbackground,inwhichthereligionfortheSunGod,Rawasrapidlyincreased

intheFourthdynasty、 Inaddition，ａｓｆｏｒＧｒeatSphinx,ｗｅｂｅｌｉｅｖｅｔｈａｔｉｔｗｉｌｌｂｅｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｔｏ

－８９－

investigatethepossibleriskofdecayingoftheheadofthesphinx,becausethereisapossibilitythat

theundergroundwaterrisesundertｈｅｂｅｄｒｏｃｋｏｎｗｈｉｃｈＧｒｅａｔＳｐｈｉｎｘｉｓｃonstructed，andto

investigatewhetherthemetallicreactionunderthebedrockneartheleftfOrepawfoundinthefirst

aｎｄｔｈｅsecondsurveysisanaturalobjectoranartificialone Furthermore，itisnecessaryto

investigatetheundergroundaroundthecausewayconnectingthePyramidofKingKafuraandthe

oppositetemplewithanelectromagneticwavesystemtounderstandthenaturalandtheartificial

environmentsoftheGizaPlateauwhenGreatPyramidwasconstructed．Ifwecannotdetermine

theundergroundstructurebyanymeansbutconventionalexcavation,ｔｈｅｔｉｍｅａｎｄｔｈｅｌａｂｏｒｆｏｒｉｔ

ｗｉｌｌｂｅｅnormous，ａｎｄweshouldconductthemvestigationastheonewiththehighestpriority・ However,theundergroundradarthatwehavedevelopediseffective,becauseitreduces

resourcesineveryaspects・ Thesurveywillbeconductedbyutilｉｚｉｎｇａｓａｎｄｂｕｇｇｙｆｏｒａｗｉｄｅ

Ｗｅｗｉｌｌｃonductthesurveyinthenearfuture、ａｒｅａ．Ｉfwefurtherdevelopthistechnique,it

willbecomepossibletoinvestigatetheentireGizaPlateaubyloadingthesurveyunitonahelicopter・

Ｔｈｅａｂｏｖｅａｒｅｔｈemeaning，themethodanditsdevelopmentofthesurveythatweareconductingontheGizaplateau Ourmottois“nottodestroyvestiges,'，“tothinkthroughmatters

fromthebeginningthatweretheorizedinthepast,'，ａｎｄｔｈｕｓ“toutilizethehightechnologicalequipmentinreducingtime,laborandexpenses.” Ｗｅｓｈｏｕｌｄｆｕｒｔｈｅｒａｄｄｔｈａｔｗｅｄｏｎｏｔｉntendto

conductthesurveyjustforentertainment,negleCtingtheessenceofthecivilizationofancientEgypt，

withitshistoryof5,０００years,butareendeavoringeverydaytoattainanintegratedsurveywiththe

scientistsoftheworldatthetoplevelofeachspecificfield．

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