student steel bridge competition 2011 - workbook

5/19/2018 Student Steel Bridge Competition 2011 - Workbook

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2011 STUDENT STEEL BRIDGE COMPETITION

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS, DESIGN, AND

DRAWING PRODUCTION USING BENTLEY

PRODUCTS


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AISC/ASCE STUDENT STEEL BRIDGE

COMPETITION 2011

ANALYSIS, DESIGN AND DOCUMENTATION OF STEEL BRIDGES

USING STAAD.Pro V8i AND STRUCTURAL MODELER INTEGRATION

By

RAVINDRA OZARKER, P.ENG.

APPLICATION ENGINEER

STRUCTURAL MODELER GROUP

September 1, 2010


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Table of Contents

1.0 Introduction .... 5

2.0 Creating the Bridge Geometry/Structural Analysis .... 8

3.0 Step-by-Step Tutorial .. . 21

Exercise 1: Overall Bridge Geometry 21

Exercise 2: Creating the Leg Structure . 30

Exercise 3: Modifying the Deck Geometry .. 40

Exercise 4: Creating Member Offsets 51

Exercise 5: Physical Member Formation .. 61

Exercise 6: Truss Specification Creation and Assignment ....63

Exercise 7: Support Creation and Assignment ..66

Exercise 8: Property Creation and Assignment .67

Exercise 9: Formation of Cantilever Section. 74

Exercise 10: Creating Load Cases & Items ...83

Exercise 11: Performing Analysis .91

Exercise 12: Understanding the Results 92

Exercise 13: Design of the Structure using AISC 360-05 .. 102

4.0 STAAD.Pro and Structural Modeler Integration ....105

5.0 Help, Questions, Comments .118


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Appendices

A: Creating Bridge Geometry Using STAAD.Pro V8i Grid System ...120

B: Creating Bridge Geometry Using STAAD.Pro V8i dxf Import ...126

C: STAAD.Pro Input Command File ....134

D: Specifying Proper Slenderness Lengths in STAAD.Pro ......146

E: Dataset Installation .. 154


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1.0 Introduction

The Student Steel Bridge Competition is sponsored by the American Institute of Steel Construction(AISC), American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) and cosponsored by the American Iron and SteelInstitute (AISI), Bentley Systems, Inc., Canadian Institute of Steel Construction (CISC), James F. Lincoln

Arc Welding Foundation, National Steel Bridge Alliance (NSBA), Nelson Stud Welding, NucorCorporation, and Steel Structures Education Foundation (SSEF).

Students design and erect a steel bridge by themselves but may seek advice from faculty and studentorganization advisers. Civil Engineering students are challenged to an inter-collegiate competition thatincludes design, fabrication, and construction of a scaled steel bridge. Participating students gainpractical experience in structural design, fabrication processes, construction planning, organization,project management, and teamwork.

In the industry, commercial structural analysis and design software integrated within a BIM (BuildingInformation Modeling) or BrIM (Bridge Information Modeling) environment are used extensively tocomplete projects on time and at the same time lets engineers maintain accuracy and come up with veryefficient design alternatives. The correct combination of software tools can make the bridge design,fabrication and construction task very easy.

STAAD.Pro is the professionals choice for steel, concrete, timber, aluminum and cold-formed steelstructures, culverts, petrochemical plants, tunnels, bridges, piles and much more. It is a general purposestructural analysis and design tool.

Structural Modeler is an advanced, yet intuitive and easy-to-use building information modeling (BIM)application that empowers structural engineers and designers to create structural system models andrelated engineering drawings (i.e. documentation).


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STAAD.Pro and Structural Modeler are integrated. STAAD.Pro models can be imported into Structural

Modeler and Structural Modeler models can be exported out to STAAD.Pro.

The purpose of this document is to help students analyze and design their bridge models using Bentleys

STAAD.Pro software and produce engineering layout drawings using Structural Modeler. This document

does not teach how to compare advantages of various alternatives that are allowed in this competition.

Designers must consider carefully the comparative advantages of various alternatives. For example, a

truss bridge may be stiffer than a girder bridge but slower to construct. Successful teams analyze and

compare alternative designs prior to fabrication.

Following are some statements from the Student Steel Bridge Competition 2011 Rulesmanual.

This Years Problem Statement:

A new road in a state park will facilitate travel across the park and improve access to remote areas. A

bridge will be constructed over a scenic river and also will carry utilities to a new welcome center and

camp ground.

The Park Commission has requested design/build proposals for the new bridge.

Construction Speed

The bridge with the lowest total time will win in this category.

Construction Economy

The bridge with the lowest construction cost (Cc) will win in the construction economy category.

Construction cost is computed as

Cc = Total time (minutes) x Number of builders (including barges) x $50,000 per builder-minute

+ $30,000 for each temporary pier in the staging yard.

Total time is defined in 7.2.3 and includes penalties. The number of builders includes all members and

associates of the competing organization who are within the construction site or physically assist the team

at any time during timed construction or repair.

Lightness

The bridge with the least total weight will win in the lightness category.

Stiffness

The bridge with the lowest aggregate deflection will win in the stiffness category.

Structural Efficiency

The bridge with the lowest structural cost (Cs) will win in the structural efficiency category. Structural cost

is computed as

Cs = Total weight (pounds) x $4000 per pound + [Aggregate deflection (inches)]1.5 x $1,200,000.


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Overall Performance

The overall performance rating of a bridge is the sum of construction cost and structural cost (Cc + Cs).

The bridge achieving the lowest value of this total wins the overall competition.

From the above statements it is clear that a bridge that is light and stiff (i.e. structurally efficient) may not

necessarily be an overall winner. Designers need to keep other criteria such as constructability and cost

(i.e. construction economy) in mind.

This document and software packages discussed here will help students analyze and understand their

structures better to achieve structural efficiency. The documentation that will be produced can be used to

discuss/plan construction economy.


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2.0 Creating the Bridge Geometry/Structural Analysis

STAAD.Pro can make your bridge design and analysis task easier. The bridge geometry in STAAD.Pro

can be constructed in many ways:

1. STAAD.Pro user interface2. Structure Wizard3. Using a DXF import (importing a dxf MicroStation or AutoCAD drawing)4. Structural Modeler5. ProSteel 3D

In this case part of the bridge geometry will be created using Structure Wizard. The bridge geometry isshown in Figure 1.


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(a) Bridge Geometry Discussed In This Tutorial


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(b) Property Assignment

(c) Lateral Load Test


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(d) Vertical Load Test Step 1


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(e) Vertical Load Test Step 2

Figure 1: Bridge Geometry and Loading Process

Note: If custom cross sections are used for the bridge members, the custom shapes can be modeled asGeneral Sections. You may have to use STAAD.SectionWizard. Alternatively, a General Sectioncanbe also created in STAAD.Pro V8i using the instructions on the following link:

ftp://ftp2.bentley.com/dist/collateral/Web/Building/STAADPro/Modeling_Custom Shapes inSTAAD_PRO.pdf

The loads on the bridge will be placed based upon the roll of first dice. The following table shows thepossible values of L and locations where the displacements will be measured.


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Following are all possible values of L and LC based on the roll of the two dice.

DICE1 DICE2 L(FT) TB(FT) TC(FT)

1 1 0 3 1

1 2 0 3 1.5

1

3

0

3

1.51 4 0 3 2

1 5 0 3 2

1 6 0 3 2.5

2 1 3 6 1

2 2 3 6 1.5

2

3

3

6

1.5

2 4 3 6 2

2 5 3 6 2

2 6 3 6 2.5

3 1 6 9 1

3

2

6

9

1.53 3 6 9 1.5

3 4 6 9 2

3 5 6 9 2

3 6 6 9 2.5

4 1 7 7 1

4 2 7 7 1.5

4 3 7 7 1.5

4

4

7

7

2

4

5

7

7

2

4 6 7 7 2.5

5

1

9

9

1

5 2 9 9 1.5

5 3 9 9 1.5

5 4 9 9 2

5 5 9 9 2

5 6 9 9 2.5

6 1 12 12 1

6 2 12 12 1.5

6 3 12 12 1.5

6 4 12 12 2

6 5 12 12 2

6

6

12

12

2.5


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Table 1: Bridge Loading

Loading Type Components

L=0ftVLTPRELOAD

L=0ftVLTSTEP1

L=0ftVLTSTEP2

Self weight of the structureDistributed Load as shown below:

VLTPRELOAD

Left Side:0.2 kip/(4 beams * 3ft deck) = 0.017k/ft load on each member.

Right Side:

0.05 kip/(4 beams * 3ft deck) = 0.0042k/ft load on each member.

VLTSTEP1:

Left Side:


Right Side:


VLTSTEP2:


Right Side:


L=3ftVLTPRELOAD

L=3ftVLTSTEP1

L=3

ft

VLT

STEP

2


VLT

PRELOADLeft Side:


Right Side:


VLTSTEP1:

Left Side:



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Right Side:


VLT

STEP

2:

Left Side:


Right Side:


L=6ftVLTPRELOAD

L=6

ft

VLT

STEP

1

L=6ftVLTSTEP2


VLT

PRELOAD

Left Side:


Right Side:


VLTSTEP1:

Left Side:


Right Side:


VLT

STEP

2:

Left Side:


Right Side:



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L=7

ft

VLT

PRELOAD

L=7ftVLTSTEP1

L=7ftVLTSTEP2


VLTPRELOAD

Left Side:


Right Side:


VLTSTEP1:


Right Side:


VLTSTEP2:

Left Side:


Right Side:



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L=9ftVLTPRELOAD

L=9ftVLTSTEP1

L=9ftVLTSTEP2


VLTPRELOAD


Right Side:


VLT

STEP

1:

Left Side:


Right Side:


VLT

STEP

2:

Left Side:

1.8 kip/(4 beams * 3ft deck) = 0.15

k/ft load on each member.

Right Side:



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L=12ftVLTPRELOAD

L=12

ft

VLT

STEP

1

L=12ftVLTSTEP2


VLTPRELOAD

Left Side:


Right Side:


VLTSTEP1:

Left Side:


Right Side:0.05 kip/(4 beams * 3ft deck) = 0.0042k/ft load on each member.

VLTSTEP2:

Left Side:


Right Side:

0.7 kip/(4 beams * 3ft deck) = 0.0058k/ft load on each member


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Weight of the structure Self weight of the structure

Lateral Load Self weight of the structureDistributed Load as shown below:0.075 kip/(2 beams * 3ft deck) = 0.0125 k/ft load on each member.0.075 kip point Load as shown below

Notes:

(1) L is defined in Section 8 of the document entitl ed Student Steel Bridge Competition - 2011 Rules


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3.0 Step-by-Step Tutorial

Exercise 1: Overall Bridge Geometry

1. Launch STAAD.Pro by clicking on the Start->All Programs->STAAD.Pro V8i->STAAD.Proicon.The STAAD.Pro V8i introduction screen will appear as shown in Figure 2.

Note: Make sure that US Design Codes is checked and has a green light besides it. The USDesign Codesis not checked, you will need to check this box and close the STAAD.Pro interfaceand re-open it again.

Figure 2: STAAD.Pro Introduction Screen

2. Click on File->Configure. The Configure Programdialog box will appear. Make sure that theBase Unitis set to English.

Note: If you will be constructing your bridge model in the metric unit system, make sure that youset the base unit system to Metric.


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Figure 3: Base Unit System Setup

3. Click on the File->Newmenu command. The Newdialog box will appear.

4. Provide the model options as shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4: The NewDialog box

5. Click on the Next button. The Where do you want to go Today?Dialog box will appear asshown in Figure 5.

6. Click on the Finishbutton.

7. The STAAD.Pro V8i user interface will appear as shown in Figure 6.


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Figure 5: The Where do you want to go Today? dialog box

Figure 6: STAAD.Pro User Interface

8. You could create the bridge geometry using the grid options shown in Figure 6. Appendix A ofthis document illustrates the procedure of creating a simple bridge geometry using the gridsystem. You could also create a bridge geometry using MicroStation XM and export that drawingas a dxf. Appendix B discusses how this can be achieved. In this tutorial, the Structure Wizardwill be used to create the bridge geometry.

9. Click on the Geometry->Run Structure Wizard menu command. The Structure Wizard userinterface will appear as shown in Figure 7.


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Figure 7: Structu re Wizard User Interface

10. Double click on the Pratt Truss icon on the left. The Select Parametersdialog box will appearas shown in Figure 8.Note: In this dialog box, you can adjust the bay-to-bay spacing by simply clicking on the icon.Make sure that the summation of the bay-spacing is equal to total length and width that you havespecified respectively.

Figure 8: Structu re Wizard User Interface

11. Input the parameters in the Select Parametersdialog box as illustrated in Figure 8.

12. Press theApplybutton. The structural geometry will appear as shown in Figure 9.


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Figure 9: Bridge Structure Geometry in Struct ure Wizard

13. To transfer the structure to STAAD.Pro, select the File->Merge Model With STAAD.Pro Modelmenu command. Structure Wizard interface will close and a conformation dialog box will appear.

Figure 10: Confirmation dialog box

14. Click Yesfor the conformation dialog box. The Paste Prototype Modeldialog box will appear.

15. Click on the Okbutton. The bridge geometry will be created in STAAD.Pro as shown in Figure11.


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Note: The Y Axis should be the axis of gravity in your STAAD.Pro models.

Figure 11: Bridge geometry in STAAD.Pro interface

16. The bridge geometry seen in Figure 11 has to be mirrored in the XZ-plane.

17. Select the Beams Cursorfrom the left hand side.

Figure 12: Beams Cursor

18. Select all the beams in the graphics window. Ctrl + Awill select all the beams in the model.

19. Click on Geometry->Mirrorcommand. The Mirrordialog box will appear as shown in Figure 13.


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Figure 13: The Mirrordialog box

20. Input the mirror parameters as shown in Figure 13.

21. Click the OKbutton. The structure will be mirrored about the X-Z plane as shown in Figure 14.

Figure 14: Bridge structu re is mirro red about the X-Z plane


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Note:

Basic 3D Navigation Tools: Use the arrow keys on the keyboard to rotate structure, the middlemouse roller button to zoom in and out. If you press the roller button and hold it down, you will beable to pan. You may also use the icons in the icon bar.

(i.e. )

22. Select the node points as shown in Figure 15using the nodes cursor.

Figure 15: Node points selected

23. Select the Geometry->Translational Repeatmenu command.

Figure 16: Translational repeat command selected

24. Select the Geometry->Translational Repeatmenu command.


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Figure 17: Translational repeat command selected

25. The 3D Repeat dialog box will appear as shown in Figure 17. Input the mirror parameters asshown in Figure 17.

26. Click the Okbutton. The legs of the bridge structure will appear as shown in Figure 18.

Figure 18: Legs of the br idge are created


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Exercise 2: Creating the Leg Structure

1. Select the leg members and right click with the mouse and select the Insert Nodeoption.

Figure 1: Legs of the bridge are created

2. Select the leg members and right click with the mouse and select the Insert Nodeoption.


3. Click the Okbutton. The legs of the bridge structure will be subdivided to create the lattice legattachment points.


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4. Select the node point on the bottom left hand side corner.


5. Select the node point on the bottom left hand side corner.

6. Right click on the screen and select the copycommand. This will copy the highlighted node tothe memory.


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7. Right click on the screen and select the Paste command. The Paste with Movedialog box willappear.



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8. Input the parameters as illustrated in Figure 7 and Press the Okbutton. You will note a new nodepoint at the lower left hand side of the structure.


9. Select the Geometry->Add Beam->Add beam from Point to Point menu command.


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10. Connect the nodes with a new beam element as shown in Figure 10.

11. Delete all the leg members except the member that was created in the above step and the smalllattice leg attachment points.


12. Divide the beam into three equally parts. Right click on the beam and select the Insert Nodecommand.

13. Input the information in the Insert Nodes dialog box as shown in Figure 11. 2is entered in the n=input box.


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Figure 11: Insert nodes dialog box

14. Click the Ok button.

15. Select the new leg members as shown in Figure 12.

Figure 12: The beam members are selected

16. Select the Geometry->Circular Repeatmenu command.

17. The 3D Circular dialog box will appear. Input the data in the 3D Circular dialog box as shown inFigure 13.


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Figure 13: 3D Circular dialog box

18. Click on the nodeicon as shown in Figure 13. Select the node point as shown in Figure 14.

Figure 14: Node point is c licked

19. Press the Okbutton. The leg members will be created as shown in Figure 15.

Figure 15: Lattice leg member is created


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20. Select the lattice leg member as shown in Figure 15.

21. Right click on select the Copycommand.

Figure 16: Copy com mand is selected

22. Right click on select the Paste Beamscommand. The Paste with Movedialog box will appear.

Figure 17: Paste Beams command is selected

23. Press the Reference Pt.button. The Specify Reference Pointdialog box will appear.

Figure 18: Reference Pt. button is pressed


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Figure 19: Specify Reference Point dialog box

24. Press the Okbutton and click on the lower node of the lattice leg attachment points to create therest of the leg members as shown in Figure 20.

Figure 20: Rest of the leg members are created


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25. Press the Okbutton and click on the lower node of the lattice leg attachment points to create therest of the leg members as shown in Figure 20.


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Exercise 3: Modifying the Deck Geometry

1. Select the members as shown in Figure 1. Press the delete key on your keyboard to delete thesemembers.

Figure 1: Members are being deleted

2. Draw a member as shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2: New Member is created

3. Select all members in the model by pressing the CTRL+Akey on the keyboard.


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Figure 3: Intersect menu command

4. Select the Geometry->Intersect Selected Members->Intersectcommand menu.

5. Press the Okbutton.

Figure 4: Intersect menu command

6. Select the members as illustrated in Figure 4.

7. Press the deletekey on the keyboard.

8. Select the member as illustrated in Figure 5.


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Creating Additional Members:

Figure 5: Member 14 selected

9. Right click and select the insert nodecommand.

10. Click on theAdd Mid Pointbutton and click on the ok button in the Insert Nodesdialog box.

Figure 6: Member 14 selected

11. Select the member as illustrated in Figure 6.

12. Segment the beam at the following locations as shown in Figure 7.


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Figure 7: Member 14 is being segmented

13. Click the Okbutton.

Figure 8: Member 154 is selected

14. Select a beam as shown in Figure 8.




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17. Select a beam as shown in Figure 10.

Figure 10: Member 153 is selected




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20. Add new beam members as shown in Figure 12.

Figure 12: New members are added

21. The next bay members will be subdivided similarly. Select the member as shown in Figure 13.


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Figure 13: Member is selected

22. Right click and select the Insert Nodecommand. Input the data in the Insert Nodesdialog boxas illustrated in Figure 14.


Figure 14: Member is being di vided into smaller pieces


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24. Select the member as shown in Figure 15.


25. Right click and select the Insert Nodecommand. Input the data in the Insert Nodesdialog boxas illustrated in Figure 16.


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Figure 17: Members are selected They will be mirrored about the Y-Z plane.


27. Add new beam members as shown in Figure 17.

28. Select the beams shown in Figure 17. Select the Geometry->Mirrormenu command. TheMirrordialog box will appear.

Figure 18: Mirror dialog box


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29. Input the information in the Mirror dialog box as shown in Figure 18. Note that node 11 atX=10.5 maybe different in the model that you have constructed. Please use the nodeicon topick a suitable point on the mirror plane.

Figure 19: Members are mirrored



31. Right click and select the Insert Nodecommand.

32. The Insert Nodesdialog box will appear. Input the parameters as shown in Figure 21.

33. Press the Okbutton.


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Figure 22: Final Geometry


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Exercise 4: Creating Member Offsets

1. Select the General->Speccontrol tab on the left.

2. Press the Beambutton in the data area.

3. Select the Offsettab in the Member Specificationdialog box.

4. Enter the inputs as shown in Figure 1.

5. Press theAddbutton. You will note that the START 0 0 0.625specification command will appearon the right hand side.

Figure 1: Member Start end offset




9. Press theAddbutton. You will note that the END 0 0 0.625specification command will appearon the right hand side.


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Figure 2: Member end node offset


11. Select the START 0 0 0.625specification command. Press theAssign button.

12. Select the End 0 0 0.625specification command. Press theAssign button.

Figure 3: Select the segmented member

13. Select the End 0 0 0.625specification command. Press theAssign button.


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14. Draw a beam from Node 1 to Node 2 as illustrated in Figure 4.

Figure 4: Select the segmented member

15. This beam is created because we need to model two beams that are running parallel to eachother and sandwiching intermediate members as illustrated in Figure 5.

Figure 5: 3D illus tration of member offset

16. Check the Highlight Ass igned Geometrycheck box.

17. Select the End 0 0 0.625specification command.

18. Click the Select->By Inverse-> Inverse Geometry Selection menu command.


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Figure 6: Inverse Geometry Selection command

19. Click the View>View Selected Objects Only menu command. Select the Geometrycursor.Press the Ctrl+A.

20. Click the Geometry->Break Beam at selected node point menu command.


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Figure 7: Inverse the geometry selection

Figure 8: Break Beams at Selected Nodes menu command selected


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21. Select the General->Speccontrol tab on the left.




25. Press theAddbutton. You will note that the START 0 0 0.-625specification command willappear on the right hand side.

Figure 9: Member Start end offset




29. Press theAddbutton. You will note that the END 0 0 -0.625specification command will appearon the right hand side.


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Figure 10: Member End node offset


31. Select the START 0 0 -0.625specification command. Press theAssign button.

32. Select the End 0 0 -0.625specification command. Press theAssign button.

Figure 11: Select the members


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33. Click on View->Whole Structuremenu command.

34. Select the View from +Zicon .

35. Select the members as shown in Figure 12 by rubberbanding the top cord members.


36. Select the Isometric View icon

37. Press and hold the Ctrl key on the keyboard and click on the members that need to be removedfrom the current selection as shown in Figure 13.

Figure 13: Unselect the members

38. Select the Geometry->Translational Repeatcommand. The 3D Repeatbox will appear.


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Figure 14: Translational Repeat Command

39. Select the Geometry->Translational Repeatcommand. Enter the parameters as shown in the3D Repeatdialog box in Figure 15.

Figure 15: 3D Repeat Dialog box

40. Press the Okbutton. The selected geometry will be copied to the other side of the bridge.


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Figure 16: Members are missing

41. Node that in some instances STAAD may not copy two members between the same node pointsas illustrated in Figure 16. The user has to manually create these members using the draw beamfrom point-to-point menu command and apply the correct offsets.

42. The final bridge geometry is illustrated in Figure 17.

Figure 17: Final Bridge Geometry


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Exercise 5: Physical Member Formation

1. Select the Select->Beams Parallel To->Xaxis menu command.

Figure 1: Select Beams Parallel to X Axis menu command

2. Select the Select->Beams Parallel To->Xaxis menu command.

3. Select the View->View Selected Objects Onlymenu command.

4. Select the View from +Z icon .


Figure 2: Top chord members o f bridge are selected

6. Select the View->New Viewmenu command.


8. Select the View from +Z icon .


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9. Select the members as shown in Figure 3 (i.e. plan view of top chord members) by rubberbandingthe top cord members. (Just one side).


10. Right click and select the Form Memberoption.



12. Right click and select the Form Memberoption.

13. Repeat the above two steps for the remaining two member rows.

14. Select the Physical member cursor.

15. Click on a member. You will note that the entire Physical Member can be selected with a singleclick.

16. Click on the View->Whole Structuremenu command.


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Exercise 6: Truss Specification Creation and Assignment

1. Click on the General->Specmenu command.

2. Click on the Beambutton. The Member Specificationdialog box will appear as shown in Figure1.


3. Select the Trusstab in the Member Specificationdialog box.

4. Press theAddbutton.

5. Select the Member Truss specification from the right hand side data area.

6. Select the View from +z icon ( ).

7. Select the members as shown in Figure 2.


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8. Press theAssign button on the right hand side.

9. The Truss specification will appear in the graphics window.


Note: Assigning too many releases may make the structure unstable. Pay close attention to howthe beam elements will behave in the real structure and the type of connections that are providedat the joints. Always check the Statics Checkin the post processing modeto make sure that

the structure is in equilibrium for all load cases.


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Exercise:

Create the highlighted members using the tools that you have learned:


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Exercise 7: Support Creation and Assignment

1. Select the General->Property control tab on the left.

2. Click on the Createbutton on the right hand side Data Area. The Create Supportdialog box willappear.

Figure 1: Create Support dialog box

3. Click on the Pinnedtab.

4. Click on theAddtab.

5. Select the S2 Support 2entry in the data area.

6. View the structure from +Z using the ( ) icon.

7. Select the nodes cursor( ).

8. Rubberband the nodes at the base and assign the pinned supports.


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Exercise 8: Property Creation and Assignment

Figure 1: Member Properties

1. Open the My Bridge_1.stdfile if you have not followed the previous exercises.

2. Click the General tab on the left.

3. Click on the Section Databasebutton in the data area.

4. Select the Tube property item in the Section Profile Tablesdialog box and provide the inputs asshown in Figure 2.

Note: The unit converter can be launched by pressing the F2key. If you enter 2 and press theenter key in the unit converter, the text box will display the dimension converted to the default unitsystem being used in your model. The space is required between the dimension and the unit for

the unit converter. For example, 12inwill not work but 12 in will work.


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Figure 2: Property Definition

5. Click theAddbutton.

6. Provide the inputs as shown in Figure 3 in the Section Profile Tablesdialog box.



8. Provide the inputs as shown in Figure 4 in the Section Profile Tablesdialog box.


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10. Select the inputs as shown in Figure 5.


12. Click the Close button. The property definitions should appear in the Properties dialog box inthe Data Area.


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Figure 6: Properties dialog box

13. Select the first tube property in the Properties dialog box in the Data Area.


Figure 7: Member Selection


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15. Select theAssign to Selected Beamsassignment option in the Properties dialog box.

16. Click on theAssign button. The property reference number will appear in the graphics window.

17. Select the second tube propertyin the Properties dialog box in the Data Area.




20. Select the third tube propertyin the Properties dialog box in the Data Area.




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23. Select the PIPS20 property in the Properties dialog box in the Data Area.




26. Click anywhere in the white space in the graphics window to get rid of the member selection.Right click in the Graphics Windowand select the 3D Rendering. The rendered view of thestructure will appear in a separate window as shown in Figure 11.


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Figure 11: 3D Rendered View of the struc ture

Note: Standard AISC sections are available by clicking the Section Databasebutton on the right. In the

American Databases, Pipes and Tubes can be created using the Tubesand Pipesitems in the Section

Profiledialog box. The American section database can be modified by clicking on Tools->Modify

Section Databasemenu command.


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Exercise 9: Formation of Canti lever Section

1. Open the My Bridge_2file if you have not followed Exercises 1 to 7.

2. Click on the view from positive z icon ( ) to see an elevation view of the structure.

3. Click on the Geometrycontrol tab on the left hand side of the screen.

4. Click on the Nodescursor ( )

5. Select the node as shown in Figure 1. The information for the node point will be displayed on theright hand side Nodes Table.

Figure 1: Nodes table is disp layed on the right

Make sure the X coordinate for that node point is close to 15ft but not less than 15 ft. Note the Xnode coordinate. In the case of this file, the node coordinate is 15.14 ft.

6. Draw a window on the node point as shown in Figure 2.


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Figure 2: Draw a drag window to select mul tiple nodes

7. Select the View->View Selected Objects Onlymenu command.

8. Click the Isometric View( ) icon. Two nodes will appear in the graphics.

9. Select the first node using the Nodescursor ( ).

10. The information for the selected node will be displayed in the Nodestable on the right hand side.

11. Change the X coordinate of the selected node to 15 as shown in Figure 3.

12. Repeat this Step 11 for the other node.


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Figure 3: Draw a drag window to select mul tiple nodes

13. Select the View->Whole Structuremenu command.

Figure 4: Right hand side support beams are selected

14. The right supports need to be moved to x = 15 ft location from the x = 21 ft location.

15. You could select these right hand side supports and group them together. In the case of the MyBridge_2.std file, a right_supportbeam group has been created.


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Figure 5: RIGHT_SUPPORT group n ame

16. Click on Select->By Group Namemenu command. Select the Right_Supportgroup name and

you will note that the beams will be highlighted in the STAAD.Pro graphics window.

17. If you choose to move the supports by a distance of -6ft without moving the nodes to 15ft, you willnote that additional nodes will be formed on the physical beams. The physical beams will have tobe created again. Rather than doing this, we have manually moved the existing nodes near x=15(i.e. could be x=15.19, 51.21) to x=15.

18. Right click in the STAAD.Pro graphics window and select the Movecommand.

19. The Move dialog box will appear. Type in -6 ftin the Move Entitiesdialog box as shown inFigure 6.


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Figure 6: Move command

20. Click on the Okbutton and click on the Okbutton on the dialog box that will appear. Click on theYesbutton.

21. The list of duplicate nodes will be displayed. Click on each entry and press the Merge>>followedby OKand OKbuttons.

22. Click the Closebutton.

23. This operation will more the right support by 6ft to the left and also merge the duplicate nodes forthe user.

24. Select and delete the beams shown in Figure 7.


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Figure 7: Members to be deleted

25. Click on Geometry->Add Beam->Add Beam by Perpendicular Intersection and create thebeams as illustrated in Figure 8.

Figure 8: Members to be added


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26. Select and delete the beams shown in Figure 9.

Figure 9: Delete Beams

27. Click on Geometry->Add Beam->Add Beam from Point to Point menu command.

28. Create the beams as shown in Figure 10.

Figure 10: Add Beams


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29. Now that you have learned about property assignment, assign property reference 2 to themembers highlighted in Figure 11.

Figure 11: Property Assignment

30. Assign property reference 1 to the members highlighted in Figure12.


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.Figure 12: Property Assignment


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Exercise 10: Creating Load Cases & Items

1. Open the My Bridge_3.stdif you were not able to complete the previous exercises.

2. Click on the General->Loads & Definition control tab on the left.

3. Click on the Load Cases Details tree item on the right. Three load cases have to be created.

4. Click on theAddbutton in the Load & Definitionsdialog box on the right. TheAdd New: LoadCasesdialog box will appear as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1:Add New: Load Cases dialog box

5. Enter L1=8.8 FT AND L2=1.1 FT in the Titletext input box as shown in Figure 1. Press theAddbutton.

6. Press the Closebutton.

We will now attempt to add the selfweight load

7. Select the L1=8.8 FT AND L2=1.1 FT title in the Load Cases Detailstree item on the right.

8. TheAdd New: Load Itemsdialog box will appear as shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2: Selfweight Definition

9. Select the inputs as shown in Figure 2 and press theAddbutton.


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10. As a result, the load item should have SELFWEIGHT Y -1included.

11. Select the SELFWEIGHT Y -1 item and select theAssign to View option.

12. Press theAssign button.

We will now attempt to add the test loads as distribu ted loads.

13. Select the L1=8.8 FT AND L2=1.1 FT title in the Load Cases Detailstree item on the right.

14. Select the Toggle Physical Membermode as shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3: Selfweight Definition

15. Select theAddbutton in the Data Area.

16. Select the Physical Member Load->Uniform Load item in the Add New: Load Itemsdialogbox.

Figure 4: Add New: Load Items dialog box

17. Input the parameters as shown in Figure 4.





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22. Select the UNI GY -0.017 0 3command in the data area.

23. Select the physical member cursor ( ).

24. Rubberband the entire bridge structure.

25. The physical members will be highlighted as shown in Figure 6.

Figure 6: Physical beam members are highlighted


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26. Select theAssign To View option and click theAssign button.

27. Select the UNI GY -0. 18 21command in the data area.

28. Select theAssign To View option and click theAssign button. Due to a refreshing problem inSTAAD.Pro, the loads may not appear as shown in Figure 7. Simply close and re-open themodel to see the loads as shown in Figure 7. You will need to click on Generalcontrol tab andthen select Load Case Details->L=0 VLT PRELOAD->UNY GYto see the loading.

Figure 7: Physical beam members are loaded

29. Create the other seventeen load cases as shown in Table 1 and Figure 8.

Figure 8: Seventeen more load cases are created


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30. Click on the Load Cases Detailstree item on the right. Three load cases have to be created.

31. Click on theAddbutton in the Load & Definitionsdialog box on the right.

32. Enter Weightin the Title text input box. Press theAdd button.



34. Select the Weight of the Structuretitle in the Load Cases Detailstree item on the right.

35. TheAdd New: Load Itemsdialog box will appear.


37. As a result, the load item should have SELFWEIGHT Y -1included. Select the SELFWEIGHT Y

-1command.

38. Select theAssign to View option.

39. Click theAssign button. Click the Okbutton on the confirmation dialog box.

40. Click on the Load Cases Detailstree item on the right.

41. Click on theAddbutton in the Load & Definitionsdialog box on the right.

42. Enter Lateral Loadin the Title text input box. Press theAdd button.



44. Select the Lateral Loadtitle in the Load Cases Detailstree item on the right.




48. As a result, the load item should have SELFWEIGHT Y -1included. Select the SELFWEIGHT Y-1command.

49. Click theAssign button. Click the Okbutton on the confirmation dialog box.

50. Select the Lateral Loadtitle in the Load Cases Detailstree item on the right.




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53. Select the Physical Member Load->Uniform Load item in theAdd New: Load Itemsdialogbox.




56. Select the Physical Member Load->Concentrated Force item in theAdd New: Load Items

dialog box.




60. Select the physical member cursor( ).

61. Select the UNI GY -0.0125 6.5 9.5 command in the data area in the last load case.

62. Select the Use Cursor to Ass ignoption and click on the two physical beams as illustrated in

Figure 11.


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Figure 10: Add New: Load Items dialog b ox

Figure 11: Physical Beams to which loads have to be assigned using Use Cursor to Assign option

63. Select the physical member cursor( ).

64. Select the CON GZ -0.075 8 command in the data area in the last load case.

65. Select the Use Cursor to Ass ignoption and click on the physical beam as illustrated in Figure12.


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Figure 12: Physical beam to which concentrated lateral load have to be assigned using Use Cursor to Assign option


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Exercise 11: Performing Analysis

1. Open the My Bridge_4.stdfile if you did not follow the previous exercises.

2. Click onAnalysis/Printcontrol tab on the left. TheAnalysis/Pr intCommands dialog box will

appear.

3. Select theAl l option in the Perform Analysistab and press theAddbutton.

Figure 1: The Analysis/Print Commands dialog box


5. Click onAnalyze->Run Analysis command. The STAAD Analysis and Designdialog box willappear.

6. You should not have zero errors in the STAAD Analysis and Designdialog box.

7. Select the Go To Post Processing Mode option button and click on the OKbutton.


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Exercise 12: Understanding the Results

1. Open the My Bridge_5.stdfile if you have not followed the above exercises.

Note: If you are not using the My Bridge_5.stdfile, you will have to create a group of beams thatrepresent the cantilever bridge section. You may just call the beam group Cantilever.

2. Click onAnalyze->Run Analysiscommand. The STAAD Analysis and Designdialog box willappear.



5. Select the Node->Displacementtab. The displacement of each and every node can bedetermined by simply clicking on a node point in the graphics window and looking at the

displacement table on the right.

Figure 1: Displacements Lateral Load Case


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6. Click on the Summarytab in the Node Displacementstable on the right.

Note the Min Y displacement row. The Min Y displacement represents the max vedisplacement in the structure for all load cases. If you highlight the Min Yrow, you will see the

node with max ve displacement highlighted in the graphics window.

Figure 2: Maximum Y Displacement

7. Let us say that the maximum displacement for the cantilever section is to be determined. TheSTAAD.Pro user can data filtering options provided with these tables. Right click on the NodeDisplacementstable on the right.

8. Select Results Setupoption.

9. Click on the Rangetab.

10. Select the Groupoption.

11. Select G2:_Cantiliver as shown in Figure 3.


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Figure 3: Results Setup

12. Click on the Okbutton.

13. You will see that the Summarytab has now been updated. The max ve displacement is nowreported for the cantilever section of the bridge as shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4: Results Setup


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14. Select the Node->Reactionstab. The support reaction of each and every support node can bedetermined by simply clicking on a node point in the graphics window and looking at the supportreaction table on the right.

Note: Make sure that the Differencerow for each load case in the Statics Check Resultswindow is close to zero. A non-zero value usually indicates instability in the structure. You may

use the 0.99 MPX 0.99 MPY 0.99 MPZ at the joints to avoid using a completely released joint.Note that in this example, instability is reported at certain joints. For example, a joint at whichfour truss members are framing together and lie in the same plane. This problem can be solvedby designing the connections to take moments, providing extra truss members connecting at that

joint, or using partial moment release.

Figure 5: Support Reactions

15. Select the Beam->Forcestab. The bending moment diagram will be displayed. The user may

turn on the deflection and loading diagrams using the icons.


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Figure 6: Beam end and section forces

Figure 7: Moment, deflection and load diagram


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16. The tables on the right show the forces for each beam member in the model. Right click on this

table and select the Results Setupoption.

17. You may specify which load case, member or group results need to be displayed.

Figure 8: Result sorting tool

18. Select the Beam->Stressestab. The combined axial stress distribution diagram can be seen for

any member.


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Figure 9: Combined axial and bending stress distribution diagram

19. Select the Beam->Graphstab. The moment, shear, and axial force diagram can be seen for any

member.


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Figure 10: Moment, shear, and axial force diagram

20. Click on the Modelingtab.

21. Right click in the graphical user interface and select Labels. Suppose you wanted to see themembers that had a combined axial and bending stress of 500 psi.

22. Select the Force Limitstab and provide the inputs as shown in Figure 11.

23. Click on theApplybutton. The beams shown in red in Figure 12 have exceeded the combined

axial and bending stress of 500 psi.

24. This procedure can be used to find which members are exceeding say a 30 ksi criteria.


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Figure 11: Force Limits


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Figure 12: Combined axial and bending stress con tour

Experiment with the model and try changing some of the truss connections to partial moment releases.

Try changing the section sizes of the members.


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Exercise 13: Design of the Structure using AISC 360-05

Note: STAAD.Pro cannot perform code checking on square prismatic steel sections defined in thismodel. The user could define a general section or create a tube section using the section database toperform the code checking as per the AISC 360-05 code.

1. Open the My Bridge_6.stdfile if you have not followed the exercise above.

2. Click on Design->Steel control tab on the left.

3. Select theAISC 360-05code in the Current Codeselection box in the data area.

4. Click the Define Parametersbutton in the data area. The Design Parametersdialog box willappear as shown in Figure 1.

5. Select the FYLDdesign parameter and enter and assign the yield strength of steel to be used forthe bridge if not 36 ksi. In the case of this tutorial, the yield strength (i.e. 50 ksi) will be used.Input the value of 7200 kip/ft2 and press theAddbutton.

6. Select the Methodparameter and select the LRFDcode.

7. Click on theAddbutton.

8. Click on the Closebutton.

9. Assign the FYLDparameters to the view.

10. Click the Commandsbutton. The Design Commandsdialog box will appear.

11. Select the Check Codecommand and press theAddbutton

12. Assign the Check Codecommand to all members.

Figure 1: The Design Parametersdialog box

13. Click onAnalyze->Run Analysiscommand. The STAAD Analysis and Designdialog box willappear.


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16. In the Postprocessing mode->Beam->Unity Check, you will note the check code results asshown in Figure 2.

17. Right click in the graphics and select Labels->Design Results.

18. Uncheck the Show Valuescheck box.

19. You may provide your own color coding in this dialog box. Any member over a unity/design ratioratio of 1 will be colored in green by default.

20. Click the Okbutton in the Diagramsdialog box.


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Figure 2: Design results

21. The members shown in red and blue have failed. There are other design parameters that theuser should look at. For example, look at the information provided in Appendix D of this manual.

22. You may have to check for the capacity of the connection using the AISC code. The followingcalculation can be used.

Vr=sn m AsFu

s = Factored shear resistance = 0.67As= Cross section area of bolt = /4 (d

2) = /4 (0.3

2) = 0.071 in

2

n = Number of bolts = 2m = Number of shear planes = 2

Ab= Cross section of bolt = 0.3Fu = Bolt tensile strength = 150 kips/in

2

Vr=0.67 x 2 x 2 x 0.071 x 150 = 28.5 kips

Max Tension = 2 Kips (From STAAD.Pro) < 28.5 Kips


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4.0 STAAD.Pro and Structural Modeler Integration

The bridge frame could first be constructed and analyzed using STAAD.Pro. After the analysis anddesign has been finalized, the 3D model can be exported to Structural Modeler for drawing generation.

Structural Modeler is an advanced drawing generation and 3D modeling software that will allow theengineer to generate floor plans, sections, and elevations using an existing STAAD.Pro model. Theentire 3D model is stored in Structural Modeler along with the different elevations, plans, and sectionsthat the user has requested. Structural Modeler also keeps track of materials, quantities, cost reports,and specifications, all automatically tracked within the design file. Plans, sections, elevations, bills ofmaterials - all are stored or linked to the 3D model, so any changes made to the design file willautomatically update the reports and drawings.


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1. Launch Structural Modeler.

2. Set the Userto Structural, Projectto Structural_Imperial ,and Interfaceto default.

3. A new Structural Modeler File. In the File Opendialog box, click the New Fileicon ( ).

4. Select an appropriate folder and type the file name Bridge_Model .

5. Click on the Savebutton.

6. Select the Bridge Model.dgn file and click the Open button. The Structural Modeler GUI willopen as shown in Figure 1.

7. Select the Settings->Design File menu command and set the Master Unit to Meters in theWorking Unitssection.

8. Click the Okbutton

Figure 1: Structural Modeler Graphical User Interface


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Hint: You can change the background color from black to white using the Workspace->Preferences->View Options->Black Background -> Whitemenu command.

9. Make sure that the Structural->Analytical Featuresmenu command is checked on.

10. Import the bridge frame STAAD.Pro model into Structural Modeler using the StructuralAnalytical ->Data Exchange->Analysis Import control tab on your left.

11. The Import From Analysis Programdialog box will appear as shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2: Import from Analysis Program dialog box.

Note the Map Section Names option in the Import from Analysis Program dialog box. This boxcontains a link to the mapping file for the AISC sections. AISC sections will most probably not be used forthe bridges in constructed by most students. Hence, we will need to first create the section in theStructural Modeler Database and then create a mapping of the sections used in STAAD.Pro with thesections in Structural Modeler.

The following directory will usually contain the section profiles:

C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\Bentley\MicroStation V8i (SELECTseries1)\WorkSpace\TriForma\tf_imperial\data

12. The us.xml file is the one used the most. You could easily find the xml file used on your machineby simply clicking on Structural Physical->Steel Column > Primary tab on the left.

13. The Place Steel Columndialog box will appear. As shown below.


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Figure 3: Place Column dialog box .

14. Press the magnifying glass icon as shown above. The Structural Sectionsdialog box willappear as shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4: Section Database.


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15. Select the File->Openmenu command. The Section File Managerbox will appear as shownbelow.

Figure 5: Section File Manager

16. Hoover your mouse cursor over the Section Filesseen at the bottom of the dialog box and you

will notice the name and location of the xml file being used for your installation.

The *.xml version of a section file format is a true XML file. In XML files, commands are written as openand close statements. If a command is opened but not closed, it could keep the entire file from beingusable. The following shows an example of lines in the us.xml file:

Figure 6: XML Text


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You can see in this small section that the first line starts with


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19. Save this file as a CUSTOM.xmlat the following location:


Figure 8: Saving XML files using Excel

20. Close Excel.

21. In the section file manager choose the CUSTOM.xml file. You will note that the file name willappear in the Section Filesarea of the Section File Mangerdialog box.


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Figure 9: Referencing Custom sections i n Structural Modeler

22. The sections defined in the CUSTOM.xml file will be available for your use. Click on the Donebutton.

23. Select Rectangular Tubesin the Typeselection box. You will note that the custom sections willappear in the Structural Sectionsdialog box.

Figure 10: Custom secti ons in Structural Modeler


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We need to inform Structural Modeler about the STAAD.Pro to Structural Modeler Mapping.

24. Create a simple notepad or text file with the following inputs for example:

W44X335 W44X335 STHSS- 1/ 2X1/ 2X1/ 32 W21X44 STHSS- 1X1X1/ 32 W14X38 STHSS- 1- 1/ 2X1- 1/ 2X1/ 32 W4X13 STPI PE2STD PI PS20 PI PE

Save this mapping file at the following location:


as bridge_mapping_file.txt

25. Open the My Bridge_7.stdSTAAD input file using notepad.

26. Save this file as My Bridge_8.std.

Note: Make sure the extension of the file is set to std. If the save as type is not set toAl l Fil es, txtextension will be added by default.


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27. Change the following set of lines from:

MEMBER PROPERTY AMERI CAN9 11 TO 17 22 24 TO 26 141 148 TO 216 218 TO 249 251 257 TO 329 331 TO 362 -369 TO 376 381 382 384 388 TO 391 397 TO 403 405 407 TO 409 420 -421 TABLE ST TUBE TH 0. 002917 WT 0. 041667 DT 0. 0416675 8 18 21 27 TO 31 43 TO 138 140 144 250 254 363 TO 368 377 TO 380 383 385 -386 TO 387 392 TO 396 411 413 TO 418 -419 TABLE ST TUBE TH 0. 002917 WT 0. 083333 DT 0. 0833337 20 143 253 TABLE ST TUBE TH 0. 002917 WT 0. 125 DT 0. 12535 TO 38 TABLE ST PI PS20

To:

MEMBER PROPERTY AMERI CAN9 11 TO 17 22 24 TO 26 141 148 TO 216 218 TO 249 251 257 TO 329 331 TO 362 -369 TO 376 381 382 384 388 TO 391 397 TO 403 405 407 TO 409 420 -421 TABLE ST W21X445 8 18 21 27 TO 31 43 TO 138 140 144 250 254 363 TO 368 377 TO 380 383 385 -386 TO 387 392 TO 396 411 413 TO 418 419 TABLE ST W14X387 20 143 253 TABLE ST W4X1335 TO 38 TABLE ST PI PS20

Del et e al l l i nes af t er t hi s l i ne except t he FI NI SH l i ne.

28. Save the file.

29. In Structural Modeler select STAAD.Pro as the Analysis program to import from.

30. Select the appropriate file name by pressing the button. The file name is My_Bridge_8.stdinthe case of this exercise.

31. Set the mapping file name to bridge_mapping_file.txt. Check the Map Section Namescheck

box.

32. Select the Import Optionstab and enter the following information.


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Figure 11: Import from Analysis Program dialog box.

33. This dialog box allows the user to select a familyand part nameto the verticaland horizontalmembers.

34. Click the Importbutton. The beam property mapping table will be displayed in the UpdateDesign Resultsbox.

35. Click on the Updatebutton.

36. The bridge model will be displayed in Structural Modeler as shown in Figure 12.


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Figure 12: STAAD.Pro Model Exported to Structural Modeler.

37. Once the 3D Model is placed in Structural Modeler, the Plans, Elevations, and section drawings

can be produced using the Drawing Extraction Manager and the Referenced Drawings features.

Figure 13: STAAD.Pro Model Exported to Structural Modeler.


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Figure 14: Structural Modeler drawing Generation.


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5.0 Help, Questions, Comments

There is a lot of help available for STAAD.Pro in electronic format. You may also contact Ravi Ozarker [email protected] any other questions or call 714-974-2500 Ext 5204.


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Finally. Thank you for using Bentley Products and Wish You all the best!


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APPENDIX A

CREATING BRIDGE GEOMETRY USING STAAD.PRO V8I

GRID SYSTEM


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1. The goal of the next few steps is to draw the stick model of the bridge structure using theSTAAD.Pro V8i drawing grid system.

2. Click the Geometrycontrol tab on the left hand side. On the right hand side of your screen, youshould see a Snap Node/Beam dialog box. If you do not see this dialog box, you may view thisby simply clicking on Geometry->Snap/Grid Node->Beammenu item.

Figure A1: Snap/Node Beam dialog box

3. Click on the Createbutton.4. The Grid Definitiondialog box will appear as shown in Figure A2.


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Figure A2: Grid definition dialog box

5. Input the grid creation parameters as shown in Figure A2.


7. The Linearentry will appear in the Snap/Node Beamdialog box. Check the Linearentry andyou will notice that the linear grid will appear in the STAAD.Pro graphics window.

Figure A3: Grid Creation


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8. Click the Snap/Node/Beam button and create the grillage of beams as shown in Figure A4.

Figure A4: Grid Creation



Figure A4: Beams Cursor

11. Select all the beams in the graphics window. Ctrl + A will select all the beams in the model.

12. Click on Geometry->Translational repeat command. The 3D Repeatdialog box will appear asshown in Figure A5.


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Figure A5: 3D Repeat dialog box

13. Input the 3D Repeatparameters as shown in Figure A5.

14. Click the OKbutton. The bridge geometry will be created as shown in Figure A6.

Figure A6: Translational Repeat

15. Create the vertical diagonal members using the Geometry->Add Beam->Add Beam From Pointto Pointmenu command.


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Figure A7: Vertical diagonals created using the Geometry->Add Beamsmenu command



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APPENDIX B

CREATING BRIDGE GEOMETRY USING STAAD.PRO V8I

DXF IMPORT


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1. Open MicroStation XM.

2. Open the DGN_Example.dgn file distributed with this tutorial.

Figure B1: Elliptical Base Bridge stick model constructed in MicroStation

3. Click on file File->Export->DGN, DWG, DXF. The Export Filedialog box will appear as shownin Figure B2.

4. Select the dxf export option as shown in Figure B2.


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Figure B2: The Export Filedialog box i n Microstation

5. Select an appropriate location to save the dxf file. Click the Savebutton.

6. Close MicroStation.

7. Launch STAAD.Pro by clicking on the Start->All Programs->STAAD.Pro V8i->STAAD.Proicon.The STAAD.Pro V8i introduction screen will appear.

8. Click on the File->Newmenu command. The Newdialog box will appear.

9. Provide the model options as shown in Figure B3.

Figure B3: The NewDialog box


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10. Click on the Nextbutton. The Where do you want to go Today?Dialog box will appear asshown in Figure B4.

11. Click on the Finishbutton.

12. The STAAD.Pro V8i user interface will appear as shown in Figure B5.

Figure B4: The Wheredo you want to go Today? dialog box


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Figure B5: STAAD.Pro User Interface

13. Click on File->Importmenu command. The Importdialog box will appear as shown in FigureB6.

Figure B6: The Importdialog box

14. Select the 3D DXF import option and click the Importbutton.

15. The Opendialog box will appear. Select the DGN_Example.dxffile which was created in Step5.

16. Click on the Openbutton. The DXF Import dialog box will appear as shown in Figure B7.


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17. Select the Y Upoption. The Y Axis should be the axis of gravity in your STAAD.Pro models.

18. Click on the OKbutton. The Set Current Input Unitsbox will appear. The MicroStation file wascreated using the foot unit system. Select Footand KiloPoundin the Set Current Input Unitsbox and press the OKbutton. The bridge geometry will appear as shown in Figure B8.



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Figure B8: Bridge Frame Imported from MicroStation

19. Delete the unwanted lines as highlighted in Red in Figure B8. The STAAD.Pro user must check ifthe imported model is ok from a structural analysis point of view. The Toolsmenu command isvery useful for checking structural integrity of the imported stick model. For more informationabout dxf import/export please refer to the whitepaper on the following link:

ftp://ftp2.bentley.com/dist/collateral/Web/Building/STAADPro/DXF_Import_into_STAAD_PRO.pdf

20. Click the Snap/Node/Beambutton and create the grillage of beams as shown in Figure A4.


Figure B9: Beams Cursor

22. Select all the beams in the graphics window. Ctrl + A will select all the beams in the model.

23. Click on Geometry->Translational repeat command. The 3D Repeat dialog box will appear asshown in Figure B10.


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Figure B10: 3D Repeat dialog box

24. Input the 3D Repeat parameters as shown in Figure B10.

25. Click the OKbutton. The bridge geometry will be created as shown in Figure B11.

Figure B11: Translational Repeat


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APPENDIX C

STAAD.PRO INPUT COMMAND FILE


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You may copy the following text into the STAAD.Pro editor to view this model in STAAD.Pro

To Launch the STAAD.Pro editor click on Edit->Edit Input Command Filemenu command. Replace the

text in the editor with the following text.


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STAAD SPACE

START J OB I NFORMATI ON

ENGI NEER DATE 10- Sep- 09

END J OB I NFORMATI ON

I NPUT WI DTH 79

UNI T FEET KI P

J OI NT COORDI NATES

1 0 0 0; 2 5. 25 0 0; 3 10. 5 0 0; 4 15. 75 0 0; 5 21 0 0; 6 5. 25 - 1. 67 0;

9 0 0 5; 10 5. 25 0 5; 11 10. 5 0 5; 12 15. 75 0 5; 13 21 0 5; 14 5. 25 - 1. 67 5;

21 0 - 0. 5 0; 22 15 - 0. 5 0; 23 0 - 0. 5 5; 24 15 - 0. 5 5; 25 0. 25 - 2. 667 5. 25;

26 0. 0833333 - 1. 22233 5. 08333; 27 0. 166667 - 1. 94467 5. 16667;

28 0. 25 - 2. 667 4. 75; 29 0. 0833333 - 1. 22233 4. 91667;

30 0. 166667 - 1. 94467 4. 83333; 31 - 0. 25 - 2. 667 4. 75;

32 - 0. 0833333 - 1. 22233 4. 91667; 33 - 0. 166667 - 1. 94467 4. 83333;

34 - 0. 25 - 2. 667 5. 25; 35 - 0. 0833333 - 1. 22233 5. 08333;

36 - 0. 166667 - 1. 94467 5. 16667; 37 0. 0833333 - 1. 22233 0. 0833333;

38 0. 166667 -1. 94467 0. 166667; 39 0. 25 - 2. 667 0. 25; 40 0. 25 - 2. 667 - 0. 25;

41 0. 0833333 - 1. 22233 - 0. 0833333; 42 0. 166667 - 1. 94467 - 0. 166667;

43 - 0. 25 - 2. 667 - 0. 25; 44 - 0. 0833333 - 1. 22233 - 0. 0833333;

45 - 0. 166667 - 1. 94467 - 0. 166667; 46 - 0. 25 - 2. 667 0. 25;

47 - 0. 0833333 - 1. 22233 0. 0833333; 48 - 0. 166667 - 1. 94467 0. 166667;

49 15. 0833 - 1. 22233 0. 0833333; 50 15. 1667 - 1. 94467 0. 166667;

51 15. 25 - 2. 667 0. 25; 52 15. 25 - 2. 667 - 0. 25; 53 15. 0833 - 1. 22233 - 0. 0833333;

54 15. 1667 - 1. 94467 - 0. 166667; 55 14. 75 - 2. 667 - 0. 25;

56 14. 9167 - 1. 22233 - 0. 0833333; 57 14. 8333 - 1. 94467 - 0. 166667;

58 14. 75 - 2. 667 0. 25; 59 14. 9167 - 1. 22233 0. 0833333;

60 14. 8333 - 1. 94467 0. 166667; 61 15. 0833 - 1. 22233 5. 08333;

62 15. 1667 - 1. 94467 5. 16667; 63 15. 25 - 2. 667 5. 25; 64 15. 25 - 2. 667 4. 75;

65 15. 0833 - 1. 22233 4. 91667; 66 15. 1667 - 1. 94467 4. 83333; 67 14. 75 - 2. 667 4. 75;

68 14. 9167 - 1. 22233 4. 91667; 69 14. 8333 - 1. 94467 4. 83333; 70 14. 75 - 2. 667 5. 25;


137/156

137

71 14. 9167 - 1. 22233 5. 08333; 72 14. 8333 - 1. 94467 5. 16667; 73 1. 57186 - 0. 5 5;

74 8. 92814 - 0. 5 5; 75 12. 0719 - 0. 5 5; 76 19. 4281 - 0. 5 5; 77 5. 25 - 0. 5 5;

78 15. 75 - 0. 5 5; 79 10. 5 - 0. 5 5; 80 2. 625 0 5; 81 0. 5 0 5; 82 2 0 5;

83 2. 955 0 5; 84 3. 605 0 5; 85 4. 265 0 5; 86 4. 925 0 5; 87 2. 62186 - 0. 5 5;

88 3. 27186 - 0. 5 5; 89 3. 94186 - 0. 5 5; 90 4. 59186 - 0. 5 5; 91 5. 86 0 5;

92 7. 09 0 5; 93 8. 32 0 5; 94 8. 93 0 5; 95 6. 48 - 0. 5 5; 96 7. 7 - 0. 5 5;

97 18. 375 0 5; 98 19 0 5; 99 18. 045 0 5; 100 17. 395 0 5; 101 16. 735 0 5;

102 16. 075 0 5; 103 18. 3781 - 0. 5 5; 104 17. 7281 - 0. 5 5; 105 17. 0581 - 0. 5 5;

106 16. 4081 - 0. 5 5; 107 15 0 5; 108 13. 91 0 5; 109 12. 68 0 5; 110 12. 07 0 5;

111 14. 52 - 0. 5 5; 112 13. 3 - 0. 5 5; 113 20. 5 0 5; 114 1. 57186 - 0. 500001 0;

115 8. 92814 - 0. 500001 0; 116 12. 0719 - 0. 500013 0; 117 19. 4281 - 0. 500012 0;

118 5. 25 - 0. 5 0; 119 15. 75 - 0. 5 0; 120 10. 5 - 0. 5 0; 121 2. 625 0 0; 122 0. 5 0 0;

123 2 0 0; 124 2. 955 0 0; 125 3. 605 0 0; 126 4. 265 0 0; 127 4. 925 0 0;

128 2. 62186 - 0. 5 0; 129 3. 27186 - 0. 5 0; 130 3. 94186 - 0. 5 0; 131 4. 59186 - 0. 5 0;

132 5. 86 0 0; 133 7. 09 0 0; 134 8. 32 0 0; 135 8. 93 0 0; 136 6. 48 - 0. 5 0;

137 7. 7 - 0. 5 0; 138 18. 375 0 0; 139 19 0 0; 140 18. 045 0 0; 141 17. 395 0 0;

142 16. 735 0 0; 143 16. 075 0 0; 144 18. 3781 - 0. 5 0; 145 17. 7281 - 0. 5 0;

146 17. 0581 - 0. 5 0; 147 16. 4081 - 0. 5 0; 148 15 0 0; 149 13. 91 0 0;

150 12. 68 0 0; 151 12. 07 0 0; 152 14. 52 - 0. 5 0; 153 13. 3 - 0. 5 0; 154 20. 5 0 0;

155 0 0 2. 5; 156 21 0 2. 5; 157 0 0 0. 5; 158 5. 25 0 0. 493827; 159 10. 5 0 0. 5;

160 15. 75 0 0. 5; 161 21 0 0. 5; 162 0 0 4. 5; 163 5. 25 0 4. 50617; 164 10. 5 0 4. 5;

165 15. 75 0 4. 5; 166 21 0 4. 5; 167 15 0 0. 5; 169 15 0 2. 5; 171 15 0 4. 5;

172 10. 5 - 1. 67 5; 173 10. 5 - 1. 67 0;

MEMBER I NCI DENCES

5 6 173; 7 1 114; 8 6 115; 9 3 116; 11 2 118; 12 4 119; 13 3 120; 14 9 81;

15 10 91; 16 11 110; 17 12 102; 18 14 172; 20 9 73; 21 14 74; 22 11 75;

24 10 77; 25 12 78; 26 11 79; 27 1 157; 28 2 158; 29 3 159; 30 4 160; 31 5 161;

35 1 21; 36 148 22; 37 9 23; 38 107 24; 43 23 26; 44 26 27; 45 27 25; 46 25 28;

47 26 29; 48 27 30; 49 23 29; 50 29 30; 51 30 28; 52 28 31; 53 29 32; 54 30 33;

55 23 32; 56 32 33; 57 33 31; 58 31 34; 59 32 35; 60 33 36; 61 23 35; 62 35 36;


138/156

138

63 36 34; 64 34 25; 65 35 26; 66 36 27; 67 21 37; 68 37 38; 69 38 39; 70 39 40;

71 37 41; 72 38 42; 73 21 41; 74 41 42; 75 42 40; 76 40 43; 77 41 44; 78 42 45;

79 21 44; 80 44 45; 81 45 43; 82 43 46; 83 44 47; 84 45 48; 85 21 47; 86 47 48;

87 48 46; 88 46 39; 89 47 37; 90 48 38; 91 22 49; 92 49 50; 93 50 51; 94 51 52;

95 49 53; 96 50 54; 97 22 53; 98 53 54; 99 54 52; 100 52 55; 101 53 56;

102 54 57; 103 22 56; 104 56 57; 105 57 55; 106 55 58; 107 56 59; 108 57 60;

109 22 59; 110 59 60; 111 60 58; 112 58 51; 113 59 49; 114 60 50; 115 24 61;

116 61 62; 117 62 63; 118 63 64; 119 61 65; 120 62 66; 121 24 65; 122 65 66;

123 66 64; 124 64 67; 125 65 68; 126 66 69; 127 24 68; 128 68 69; 129 69 67;

130 67 70; 131 68 71; 132 69 72; 133 24 71; 134 71 72; 135 72 70; 136 70 63;

137 71 61; 138 72 62; 140 73 14; 141 74 11; 143 76 13; 144 77 14; 148 78 106;

149 75 112; 150 79 75; 151 74 79; 152 77 95; 153 73 87; 154 80 83; 155 81 82;

156 82 80; 157 83 84; 158 84 85; 159 85 86; 160 86 10; 161 87 88; 162 88 89;

163 89 90; 164 90 77; 165 73 82; 166 82 87; 167 87 83; 168 83 88; 169 88 84;

170 84 89; 171 89 85; 172 85 90; 173 90 86; 174 86 77; 175 80 87; 176 91 92;

177 92 93; 178 93 94; 179 94 11; 180 95 96; 181 96 74; 182 77 91; 183 91 95;

184 95 92; 185 92 96; 186 96 93; 187 93 74; 188 74 94; 189 97 98; 190 98 113;

191 99 97; 192 100 99; 193 101 100; 194 102 101; 195 103 76; 196 104 103;

197 105 104; 198 106 105; 199 107 12; 200 108 107; 201 109 108; 202 110 109;

203 111 24; 204 112 111; 205 76 98; 206 98 103; 207 103 99; 208 99 104;

209 104 100; 210 100 105; 211 105 101; 212 101 106; 213 106 102; 214 102 78;

215 97 103; 216 78 107; 218 111 108; 219 108 112; 220 112 109; 221 109 75;

222 75 110; 223 113 13; 224 9 81; 225 10 91; 226 11 110; 227 12 102; 228 80 83;

229 81 82; 230 82 80; 231 83 84; 232 84 85; 233 85 86; 234 86 10; 235 91 92;

236 92 93; 237 93 94; 238 94 11; 239 97 98; 240 98 113; 241 99 97; 242 100 99;

243 101 100; 244 102 101; 245 107 12; 246 108 107; 247 109 108; 248 110 109;

249 113 13; 250 114 6; 251 115 3; 253 117 5; 254 118 6; 257 1 122; 258 2 132;

259 3 151; 260 4 143; 261 119 147; 262 116 153; 263 120 116; 264 115 120;

265 118 136; 266 114 128; 267 121 124; 268 122 123; 269 123 121; 270 124 125;

271 125 126; 272 126 127; 273 127 2; 274 128 129; 275 129 130; 276 130 131;


139/156

139

277 131 118; 278 114 123; 279 123 128; 280 128 124; 281 124 129; 282 129 125;

283 125 130; 284 130 126; 285 126 131; 286 131 127; 287 127 118; 288 121 128;

289 132 133; 290 133 134; 291 134 135; 292 135 3; 293 136 137; 294 137 115;

295 118 132; 296 132 136; 297 136 133; 298 133 137; 299 137 134; 300 134 115;

301 115 135; 302 138 139; 303 139 154; 304 140 138; 305 141 140; 306 142 141;

307 143 142; 308 144 117; 309 145 144; 310 146 145; 311 147 146; 312 148 4;

313 149 148; 314 150 149; 315 151 150; 316 152 22; 317 153 152; 318 117 139;

319 139 144; 320 144 140; 321 140 145; 322 145 141; 323 141 146; 324 146 142;

325 142 147; 326 147 143; 327 143 119; 328 138 144; 329 119 148; 331 152 149;

332 149 153; 333 153 150; 334 150 116; 335 116 151; 336 154 5; 337 121 124;

338 122 123; 339 123 121; 340 124 125; 341 125 126; 342 126 127; 343 132 133;

344 133 134; 345 134 135; 346 138 139; 347 139 154; 348 140 138; 349 141 140;

350 142 141; 351 143 142; 352 149 148; 353 150 149; 354 151 150; 355 1 122;

356 127 2; 357 2 132; 358 135 3; 359 3 151; 360 154 5; 361 148 4; 362 4 143;

363 21 23; 364 122 81; 365 154 113; 366 22 24; 367 155 162; 368 156 166;

369 122 155; 370 155 81; 371 23 155; 372 155 21; 373 154 156; 374 156 113;

375 24 169; 376 169 22; 377 118 77; 378 120 79; 379 119 78; 380 157 155;

381 122 157; 382 21 157; 383 158 163; 384 118 158; 385 159 164; 386 160 165;

387 161 156; 388 120 159; 389 119 160; 390 22 167; 391 154 161; 392 162 9;

393 163 10; 394 164 11; 395 165 12; 396 166 13; 397 81 162; 398 23 162;

399 77 163; 400 79 164; 401 78 165; 402 24 171; 403 113 166; 405 107 111;

407 148 152; 408 22 119; 409 24 78; 411 79 172; 413 120 173; 414 172 24;

415 173 22; 416 148 167; 417 167 169; 418 169 171; 419 171 107; 420 4 169;

421 169 12;

DEFI NE PMEMBER

14 155 156 154 157 TO 160 15 176 TO 179 16 202 201 200 199 17 194 193 192 -

191 189 190 223 PMEMBER 1

224 229 230 228 231 TO 234 225 235 TO 238 226 248 247 246 245 227 244 243 -

242 241 239 240 249 PMEMBER 2

355 268 269 267 270 TO 272 356 357 289 TO 291 358 359 315 314 313 361 362 -


140/156

140

307 306 305 304 302 303 360 PMEMBER 3

257 338 339