student performance in chinese medium-of-instruction (cmi ... · cantonese as the medium of...

64
Education Policy Studies Series Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI) and English Medium-of-Instruction (EMI) Schools: What We Learned from the PISA Study

Upload: others

Post on 16-Oct-2020

5 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

Education Policy Studies Series

Student Performance inChinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI)

and English Medium-of-Instruction(EMI) Schools: What We Learned

from the PISA Study

Page 2: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling
Page 3: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling
Page 4: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling
Page 5: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling
Page 6: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling
Page 7: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

1

Page 8: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

2

Page 9: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

3

Page 10: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

4

An obvious way out … is for the Government to impose

Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary

schools so that the first nine years of schooling (PI–FIII) would

be in the “language of the heart”. A pragmatic variant on this

would be to leave alone the small number of schools which

have been genuinely successful in using English as a medium

of instruction. (Llewellyn, 1982, para. III.1.17)

Page 11: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

5

whether to jeopardize the educational progress of the majority(and perhaps endanger the culture itself) in order to guaranteea sufficient number of competent English speakers; or to valuethe whole group (and in so doing conserve the culture) butaccept the loss in capacity to deal with the internationalenvironment and hence a possible decline in the economicprosperity. (Llewellyn, 1982, para. III.1.19)

We RECOMMEND that individual secondary school authorities

should be encouraged to adopt Chinese as the medium of

teaching. We consider that this should be achieved not by

mandatory action but by a policy of “positive discrimination”

in favour of schools which adopt Chinese as the medium of

teaching. (para. 3.18; emphasis original)

Page 12: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

6

We further RECOMMEND that secondary schools … should

be given additional resources to strengthen the teaching of

English to avert any consequential drop in the standard of

English due to reduced exposure. (para. 3.19; emphasis

original)

From 1994 onwards, schools will have been provided with

results from the HKATS or target-related assessments. However,

despite the information derived from these assessments and

ED’s [Education Department] advice, some schools may still

be reluctant to change their teaching medium and defend

their position by pointing to, for example, poor student intake.

Page 13: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

7… With the second administration of Secondary 3 target-

related assessments in 1998–99 … Strong evidence can then

be presented to schools to demonstrate that they have made

the wrong choice and D of E [the Director of Education] will

be in a good position to give firm guidance to schools towards

the right teaching medium. Full implementation of the language

policy will thus be achieved in 1998–99. (para. 6.5.11)

student ability to be an average percentage of not less

than 85% of Medium of Instruction Grouping Assessment

(MIGA) Groups I and III students in Secondary 1 intake

for the past three years;

teacher capability to be based on the principal’s assessment

and certification; and

support strategies and programmes (such as bridging

courses) to give sound school-based assistance to students.

(para. 2.4)

Page 14: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

8

Page 15: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

9

Page 16: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

10

Page 17: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

11

Page 18: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

12

Page 19: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

13

Page 20: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

14

Page 21: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

15

Page 22: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

16

Page 23: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

17

Page 24: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

18

Page 25: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

19

Page 26: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

20

Page 27: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

21

Page 28: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

22

Page 29: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

23

Page 30: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

24

Page 31: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

25

Page 32: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

26

Page 33: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

27

Page 34: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

28

Page 35: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

29

Page 36: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling
Page 37: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling
Page 38: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

32

Page 39: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

33

Page 40: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

34

Page 41: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

35

Page 42: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

36

Page 43: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

37

Page 44: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

38

Page 45: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

39

Page 46: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

40

Page 47: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

41

Page 48: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

42

Page 49: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

43

Page 50: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

44

Page 51: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

45

Page 52: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling
Page 53: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling
Page 54: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling
Page 55: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

49

Page 56: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

50

Page 57: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

51

Page 58: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

52

Page 59: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

53

Page 60: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

54

Page 61: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

55

Page 62: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

56

Page 63: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

57

Page 64: Student Performance in Chinese Medium-of-Instruction (CMI ... · Cantonese as the medium of instruction in FI–III of all secondary schools so that the first nine years of schooling

58