student notes 2 introduction to comparative politics
TRANSCRIPT
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STUDENT NOTES 2
INTRODUCTION TO COMPARATIVE POLITICS
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GLOBALIZATION
• Intensification of worldwide interconnectedness (interdependence) of economies, political systems, and societies on a GLOBAL scale
• Associated with speed and magnitude of cross-border flows of trade, investment and finance, processes of migration, cultural diffusion, and communication
• Economic, political, social
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CASE STUDY: MEXICO
• Economic globalization– NAFTA – bilateral trade agreement with
United States and Canada– Economic liberalization – minimizing
government intervention for private enterprise
• Social globalization– Backlash – indigenous population
(CHIAPAS) protest negative effects
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II. Sovereignty, Authority, Power• SOVEREIGNTY: The ability to
carry out actions independent of internal or external actors
• Rests with those who have ultimate right to make political decisions
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II. Sovereignty, Authority, Power• Government is the leadership or the
elite in charge of running the state.–Organizations of individuals who have
the power to make binding decisions–Operators of politics–Weakly institutionalized – not seen as
irreplaceable• THINK: Government are the people,
politics is the process by which they make decisions.
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II. Sovereignty, Authority, Power
• Governments may be democratically elected or it may be ruled by dictators.
• However they are structured, each government holds its own ideas about freedom and equality and uses the state to realize these ideas.
• Governments are less institutionalized than states or regimes because they may come and go, whereas, states and regimes tend to have more staying power.
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II. Sovereignty, Authority, Power• A State is a political system that has
sovereignty over a population in a particular territory, based on the recognized right to self-determination. It is one of the most basic units of study in comparative politics.
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• Early-forming states tend to be more economically developed and peaceful while late-forming states tend to be less economically developed and have yet to consolidate their sovereignty
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II. Sovereignty, Authority, Power
• Regimes are the fundamental rules and norms of politics.
• Stems from regimen – guidance, rules
• Regimes can be institutions and/or individuals.
– Examples of changes in regimes: • French Revolution overthrowing the monarchy• South Africans overthrowing apartheid white rule• Louis XIV “I am the state”• Iraq and Saddam Hussein.
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INSTITUTIONS• Executive, legislative, judiciary, and
bureaucracy• Organizations that are self-
perpetuating and are intrinsically valued
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• The US has a democratic regime in which the people are sovereign but give authority to levels of government – the government are the people in charge of the regime, implementing the rules. Institutions can be thought of as procedures and tools used to support the regime in a state.
“The state is the machinery of politics and the regime is its programming, the government is the operator."
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POLITICS
• The struggle in any group for power that will give a person or people the ability to make decisions for the larger group
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REVOLUTION
• Uprising of the MASSES• Usually followed by fundamental
change
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COUP D’ETAT
• Conducted by MILITARY forces• Few individuals• Often leads to military rule
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LEGITIMACY
• Acceptance of the government’s right to rule
• The popular and voluntary acceptance of an authority
• Usually a blend of three types of legitimacy
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TRADITIONAL LEGITIMACY
• The way its always been• Rooted in tradition, historical myths
and legends
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CHARISMATIC LEGITIMACY
• Legitimacy based on the power of ideas and the ability to sell those ideas
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RATIONAL-LEGAL LEGITIMACY
• Legitimacy based on the rule of law
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Constitution
• A supreme law that defines the structure of a nation-state’s regime and the legal processes governments must follow
• When followed, this establishes rule of law
• Needn’t be one document• Contains a set of decision rules
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Rule of Law
• A governance system operating predictably under a known and transparent set of procedural rules (laws)
• Also know as, constitutionalism• In all disputes, no matter how
important or influential the person is, “the piece of paper wins!”
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II. Sovereignty, Authority, Power
• Nation: Refers to a reasonably large group of people with a common culture that occupy a particular territory
• Bound by unity arising from shared beliefs and customs (religion, language, values, institutions)
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NATIONALISM
• Pride in one’s people and the belief that they have a unique political destiny
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II. Sovereignty, Authority, Power
• Some NATIONS do not have STATES– Can you provide an example? – Nation-state: territory of a state is
occupied by only one distinct nation or people
– Japan, Poland, Denmark