student guide power systems for aix - virtualization i implementing virtualization
TRANSCRIPT
© Copyright IBM Corporation 2013Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the prior written permission of IBM. 7.0
Introduction to partitioning
IBM Power Systems
After completing this unit, you should be able to:• Describe the following terms:
– Partition, logical partition (LPAR), resource
• Describe the following partition concepts:– Dynamic logical partitioning– Micro-partitioning– Shared processor pool– Virtual I/O– Live Partition Mobility (LPM)– Capacity on Demand (CoD)
• Describe the functions of the Hardware Management Console (HMC)• Describe the functions performed by the POWER Hypervisor• Describe the overall process for configuring partitions• List references for IBM Power Systems partitioning information
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Unit objectives
IBM Power Systems
• Partition:• The allocation of one system’s resources to create logically
separate systems.– An independent operating environment.
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From one to many
What is a partition?
CPU,memory, and
I/O
Physical partition
Operating system Operating system
CPU,memory, and
I/O
CPU,memory, and
I/O
Physical partition
SMP building block SMP building block
IBM Power Systems
• Physical partition:– Resources are allocated in physical building blocks.
– Blocks contain groups of processors, memory, and I/O slots.
Interconnect
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SMP building block
Physical partition
IBM Power Systems
• A partition is the allocation of system resources to create logically separate systems within the same physical footprint.
• A logical partition exists when the isolation is implemented with firmware:– Not based on physical system building block– Provides configuration flexibility
AIX 6.1 Linux AIX 7.1 IBM i
SYS1 1:00
Japan
SYS4 12:00
UK
SYS2 10:00 USA
SYS3 11:00Brazil
ORD
EMEP
ROG RES
SO
Logical partition
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IBM Power Systems
• Each partition has its own:– Operating system– Licensed internal code (LIC) and open firmware– Console– Resources– Other things expected in a stand-alone operating system
environment, such as:• Problem logs• Data (libraries, objects, file systems)• Performance characteristics• Network identity• Date and time
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Partition characteristics
IBM Power Systems
• Resources are allocated to partitions:– Memory allocated in units as small as the LMB size.– Dedicated whole processors or shared processing units.– Individual I/O slots.
• Including virtual devices
• Some resources can be shared:– Virtual devices.– Host Ethernet adapter.
• Some core system components are inherently shared.
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S = I/O Slot M = MemoryP = Processor
Partition resources
AIXP P P P P
M M M SSSS
LinuxP P
M M SSSS
AIXP P P M M
SSSS
IBM Power Systems
• Flexibility to allocate resources depending on need.
• With DLPAR operations, resources can be moved, removed, or added with a restarting the partition.
LPAR 1 LPAR 2 LPAR 3 LPAR 4
Processors
Memory
I/O slots
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LPAR resource example
IBM Power Systems
• IBM POWER6 processor-based LPAR-capable systems:– Entry, mid-range, and high-end servers
– IBM Power Systems
– Example models:
• IBM Power Blade Express servers
• IBM Power 520
• IBM Power 550
• IBM Power 560
• IBM Power 570
• IBM Power 575
• IBM Power 595
Visit http://www.ibm.com for latest list of models.
IBM POWER6 LPAR-capable systems
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IBM Power Systems
• IBM POWER7 and POWER7+ processor-based LPAR-capable systems:– IBM Power Systems
– Example models:• IBM BladeCenter PS700/701/702/PS703/PS704 Express• IBM Flex System p260 and p460• IBM Power 710• IBM Power 720• IBM Power 730• IBM Power 740• IBM Power 750• IBM Power 755• IBM Power 770• IBM Power 775• IBM Power 780• IBM Power 795
Visit http://www.ibm.com for latest list of models.
IBM POWER7 and POWER7+ LPAR-capable systems
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IBM Power Systems
• Capacity management:– Flexibility to allocate resources.
• Consolidation:– Consolidate hardware, floor space, software licenses, support contracts, and in-house
support and operations.– Efficient use of resources.
• Application isolation on a single frame:– Separate workloads.– Guaranteed resources.– Data integrity.
• Merge production and test environments:– Test on same hardware.
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The ability to have virtual Ethernet and virtual I/O devices is a benefit of using POWER5 and newer processor-based
systems.
Benefits of using partitions
IBM Power Systems
• Licensing is per operating system and is based on processing power.– Partial processor and shared processor pool features affect licensing.
• Third-party application provider licenses will vary.
IBM hardware
Operating systems
Other software
Software licensing
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IBM Power Systems
• The POWER Hypervisor is firmware that provides:– Virtual memory management:
• Controls page table and I/O access.• Manages real memory addresses versus offset memory addresses.
– Virtual console support
– Security and isolation between partitions:• Partitions allowed access only to resources allocated to them (enforced by the
POWER Hypervisor).
– Shared processor pool management
System hardware (memory, processors, devices)
LPAR 1 LPAR 2 LPAR 3 LPAR 4
Security and isolation barriers
POWER Hypervisor
POWER Hypervisor functions
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IBM Power Systems
• The HMC provides:– Virtual console windows.– LPAR configuration and operation management.– Capacity on demand (CoD) management.– Service tools.– Access to LPM function.
• PC-based console:– Running custom Linux and Java applications.– Remotely accessible.– Connects to service processor over private or open network.
Desktop© Copyright IBM Corporation 2013
Rack-mount
Hardware Management Console
IBM Power SystemsN
on-V
olat
ile R
AM
HMC
Managed system
Ethernet
The big picture
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AIX Linux
Partition 1 Partition 2
Hypervisor
Unassigned resources
Processors Memory
processor
I/O Slots LPARallocation tables
IBM Power Systems
• Dynamic resource allocation
• Advanced processor concepts
• Virtual I/O
• Integrated Virtual Ethernet
• Active Memory Sharing
• Live Partition Mobility
• Capacity on demand
Advanced partition features
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IBM Power Systems
• DLPAR is the ability to add, remove, or move resources between partitions without restarting the partitions.
• Resources include:– Processors, memory, and I/O slots.– Add and remove virtual devices.
• Security and isolation between LPARs are not compromised.– A partition sees its own resources plus other available virtual
resources.– Resources are reset when moved.
• Applications might or might not be DLPAR-aware.
DLPAR allows you to react to changing resource needs.
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Dynamic Logical Partitioning (DLPAR)
IBM Power Systems
1
Partition A Partition B
HMC command
Hypervisor
HMC
2
3 3
4© Copyright IBM Corporation 2013
How DLPAR works
IBM Power Systems
LPARLPAR LPAR
Deconfigured
Inactive (CoD)
Physical (Installed)
processor cores
Virtual
Logical
Shared
Dedicated
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Processor concepts
IBM Power Systems
• Time sliced sub-processor allocations are dispatched according to demand and entitled capacity.– This example shows one 10 ms time slice, seven running partitions,
and four processors.Physical
processors
Partition 1Partition 2Partition 3Partition 4Partition 5Partition 6Partition 7
P P P P10ms
Shared processor pool
Micro-partitioning: Shared processor pool
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IBM Power Systems
Physical processor
cores
Physical shared processor pool
Shared processor pool0Set of micro-partitions
LPAR3LPAR1LPAR2
LPAR5LPAR6
LPAR4
Shared processor pool1Set of micro-partitions
Shared
Dedicated
LPAR
Shared processor poolnSet of micro-partitions
LPAR
Up to 64 shared
processor pools
Multiple shared processor pools
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IBM Power Systems
• Each partition has virtual I/O slots.– Configurable for each partition.
• Virtual slots have a virtual adapter instance.– Serial, Ethernet, SCSI, or Fibre Channel.
• Virtual I/O slots can be dynamically added or removed just like physical I/O slots.– Cannot be dynamically moved to another partition.
Virtual I/O
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IBM Power Systems
Hypervisor
Virtual Ethernet
Virtual switch
Physical Ethernet
Layer 2 bridge
Virtual I/O server partition
Client partition
SCSI RDMA protocol
Device DMA transfer
DMAbuffer
LVoirtguiac
l Dailsk
diskServer adapter
Device mapping
SCSI, SSA, FC physical or logical disks
Client adapter
Virtual Ethernet
Virtual Ethernet
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Physical network
Virtual I/O example
IBM Power Systems
• Also referred to as host Ethernet adapter:– Included in many POWER6 and POWER7 system configurations.
• Provides network connectivity for LPARs without a Virtual I/O Server:– Integrated high-speed Ethernet ports with hardware-assisted
virtualization capabilities.– Offers virtualization support for Ethernet connections.
• Depending on the system model, multiple types are available:– Two port 1 Gba
– Four port 1 Gba
– Two port 10 Gbb
– Two 10 Gbb and two 1 Gb portsa
• Connected to the GX+ bus:
– An LHEA must be created on the logical partition. a
= RJ45 b = fiber
Integrated Virtual Ethernet
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IBM Power Systems
Physical network
AIX LPAR
Linux LPAR
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Physical port
Layer 2 switch Layer 2 switch
ent ent eth
Physical port
Physical network
IVE example
IBM Power Systems
• Active Memory Sharing (AMS) allows multiple LPARs to share a common pool of physical memory.– AMS intelligently assigns memory from one partition to another based
on memory page demands.• Optimizes memory utilization and provides flexible memory usage.
Paging devices
AMS shared memory pool
Physical memory
Virtual I/O
Server
POWERHypervisor
LPAR1 LPAR2 LPAR3
Active Memory Sharing
© Copyright IBM Corporation 2013
IBM Power Systems
• Active Memory Deduplication makes system memory usage smarter. It minimizes the existence of identical memory chunks in main memory space.
Memory structure with Active Memory Deduplication enabled© Copyright IBM Corporation 2013
Active Memory Deduplication
IBM Power Systems
• Compresses in-memory data to fit more data into memory:– The physical memory requirements of
existing LPARs is reduced.– Free memory capacity can be used to
create more LPARs.
• Increases a LPAR’s effective memory capacity:– Can increase the effective memory
capacity of a LPAR.– Increases the memory available to a
workload.
AME
LPAR’s effective memory capacity
Physical memoryPhysical memory
LPAR’s effective memory capacity
Expanded memory capacity
AME
System physical memory
LPAR LPAR LPAR
LPAR LPAR LPAR
LPAR LPAR LPAR
LPAR LPAR LPAR
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Active Memory ExpansionSystem physical
memory
LPAR LPAR LPAR
LPAR LPAR LPAR
LPAR LPAR LPAR
LPAR LPAR LPAR
LPAR LPAR LPAR LPAR
….
P1 P2 P3 P1 P5VIO
S
VIO
S
Server 2
HMC
IBM Power Systems
• Migration or movement of an LPAR from one physical server to another.
• Useful for:– Reducing the impact of planned outages and increasing application
availability.– Workload balancing and consolidation.– Relocation of workload to enable workload.– Provision of new technology with no disruption to service (migration
to
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Server 1
Network
newer systems).
• Requirements:– POWER6 or
POWER7 systems.– LPAR must only have
virtual adapters.
Live Partition Mobility
IBM Power Systems
• Run x86 Linux applications on Power Systems servers along with your AIX and Linux on Power applications.
• Simplifies migration of Linux on x86 applications:– Runs most existing 32-bit x86 Linux applications with no application changes.– Enables customers to realize the energy and administrative benefits associated with
consolidation.
• Is included with the purchase of PowerVM editions.
x86 Platforms
x86 Linux OSLinux OS
app app
Linux OS
x86 Platforms
x86Linux OS
Linux OS
Supported Linux OS AIX OS
Power Systems platform
PowerVM Lx86
x86 Linux OS
app AIX OSapplication
PowerLinux OS
application
PowerVM
x86 platforms
x86
app
Linux OS
Install and run
• No porting
• No recompile
• No changes
PowerVM Lx86
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IBM Power Systems
Shared storage pools:Provide distributed access to storage resources using a cluster. Shared storage pools use files called logical units as backup devices for virtualized storage devices.
Benefits:• Simplify the aggregation of large
numbers of disks across multiple Virtual I/O Servers.
• Improve the utilization of the available storage.
• Simplify administration tasks.
Shared storage pools
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Thin provisioning with shared storage poolsIBM Power Systems
LPARs
Core Mgmt Storage MgmtInventory Provision
Config Clone
IBM Systems Director
SnapMigrate
Hypervisor
VIOS
Hypervisor
VIOS
Hypervisor
VIOS
CentralizedVirtual Server Storage MgmtHealth…
9 TB3.25TB*
* Actual amount of storage savings will vary widely.
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IBM Power Systems
• Suspend: The ability to save a partition state (memory, NVRAM, VSP state) on persistent storage, freeing server resources that were in use by that partition.
• Resume: The additional ability to restore partition state to server resources, and resuming operation of that partition and its applications either on the same server or on a different server.
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Suspend / Resume
IBM Power Systems
• Capacity upgrade on demand (CUoD)– Permanent activation of processors or memory.
• Trial CoD– No charge 30-day activation of processors or memory resources.
• On/Off CoD– Ability to activate processor or memory resources temporarily.
• Utility CoD– Additional processor capacity on a temporary basis within the shared
processor pool.
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Add reserve resources
• Capacity BackUp:– Processors and memory temporarily
added to backup server.– Prepaid for up to 90 days.
Capacity on Demand
IBM Power Systems
• PowerVM editions hardware features include the following components:
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1POWER7+ hardware with eFW760 required for 20 LPARs per core2IVM only supports a single Virtual I/O Server partition
PowerVM editions
PowerVM Editions Express Standard Enterprise
Maximum LPARs 3 per server 20 per core1
(up to 1000)20 per core1
(up to 1000)Management IVM IVM2, HMC IVM2, HMCVirtual I/O Server (dual) (dual)PowerVM Lx86 Shared dedicated capacity
Suspend / Resume Shared processor pools Active Memory Sharing Live Partition Mobility
IBM Power Systems
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Virtual EthernetPOWER
Hypervisor
AIX 6Kernel
Linux Kernel
AIX 7Kernel
AIX 7Kernel
AIX 6Kernel
i/OS Kernel
HMC
Partitioning concepts summary
© Copyright IBM Corporation 2013
IBM Power Systems
• Provides support for LPARs without a physical HMC:– Manages a single server.
• IVM software runs in the Virtual I/O Server partition.– Provides a subset of HMC functionality.
• Hypervisor has been modified to enable VIOS to manage the partitioned system without an HMC.
– Implicit rule of configuration and setup.• It requires that the server not be partitioned.
• First operating system installed must be the VIOS.
– Virtual I/O Server partition owns all physical I/O.• Client partitions can access
virtual optical, virtual disk,virtual Ethernet, IVE, and console.
AIXLinuxLinux
V7.1 RHEL6 SLES11
Virtual LAN
VIOS IVM
Integrated Virtualization Manager
POWER Hypervisor© Copyright IBM Corporation 2013
IBM Power Systems
Create plan for usage model and applications.
Plan resources for partitions.
Create and configure partitions.
Activate partitions and install operating systems.
1
2
3
4
5
Set up HMC and managed system.
6 Configure and test service applications.© Copyright IBM Corporation 2013
LPAR configuration process
IBM Power Systems
• Documentation:– http://www.ibm.com/support/publications/us/library/– Software and hardware information centers available– http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/eserver/
• LPAR and PowerVM information:– http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/power/software/virtualization/index.html
• IBM Redbooks:– http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/
• Technical support web sites:– http://www.ibm.com/support/– http://www14.software.ibm.com/webapp/set2/sas/f/vios/home.html– http://www14.software.ibm.com/webapp/set2/sas/f/power5cm/power7.html
• Linux web site:– http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/power/software/linux/
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Web links might change over time.
LPAR references
IBM Power Systems
• IBM Power Systems hardware overview
• HMC
• System Planning Tool
• HMC maintenance
• System power management
• Configuring LPARs
• Dynamic resource allocation
AN11 course content
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IBM Power Systems
• Advanced processor concepts
• Virtual I/O
• Virtual network configurations
• VSCSI configurations
• IVE
• Service management
AN30 course content
© Copyright IBM Corporation 2013
IBM Power Systems
1. True or False: A partition is an independent operating environment.
2. What is it that makes logical partitioning different from physical partitioning?a. Resource assignments are flexible.b. Resources can be moved between partitions without a restart.c. Partitioning is not dependent on physical system building
blocks.
3. Which of the following are true for dynamic partition operations?a. All AIX 7 partitions on POWER6 and POWER7 processor-based
systems are capable of dynamic resource allocations.b. Virtual I/O devices can be dynamically added or removed but not
moved between partitions.c. Partitions do not need to be restarted to add, remove, or move
resources.
4. List the types of resources that are configured in partitions.© Copyright IBM Corporation 2013
Checkpoint (1 of 2)
IBM Power Systems
1. True or False: A partition is an independent operating environment.The answer is True.
2. What is it that makes logical partitioning different from physical partitioning?a. Resource assignments are flexible.b. Resources can be moved between partitions without a restart.c. Partitioning is not dependent on physical system building blocks.The answer is Partitioning is not dependent on physical system building blocks.
3. Which of the following are true for dynamic partition operations?a. All AIX 7 partitions on POWER6 and POWER7 processor-based systems are
capable of dynamic resource allocations.b. Virtual I/O devices can be dynamically added or removed but not moved between
partitions.c. Partitions do not need to be restarted to add, remove, or move resources.The answer is All of them are true.
4. List the types of resources that are configured in partitions.The answers are: Processors, memory, I/O slots (including the HEA).
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Checkpoint solutions (1 of 2)
IBM Power Systems
5. What system option provides the ability to order additional resources that can be activated when you need them?
6. Which of the following are benefits of using partitions?a. Better management of resources across operating environmentsb. Isolate applications that were all running on one systemc. Better high availability solutiond. Manage operational costs by consolidating resources
7. What is the system component that performs the resource allocation to partitions?
8. What is the system component needed to configure partitions, configure CoD, and provide access to virtual consoles?
9. What is the term used for the concept of allocating sub-processors to partitions?
© Copyright IBM Corporation 2013
Checkpoint (2 of 2)
IBM Power Systems
5. What system option provides the ability to order additional resources that can be activated when you need them?The answer is Capacity on demand (CoD).
6. Which of the following are benefits of using partitions?a. Better management of resources across operating environmentsb. Isolate applications that were all running on one systemc. Better high availability solutiond. Manage operational costs by consolidating resourcesThe answers are: Better management of resources across operating
environments, Isolate applications that were all running on one system, and Manage operational costs by consolidating resources.
7. What is the system component that performs the resource allocation to partitions? The answer is POWER Hypervisor.
8. What is the system component needed to configure partitions, configure CoD, and provide access to virtual consoles?The answer is HMC or IVM.
9. What is the term used for the concept of allocating sub-processors to partitions? The answer is Micro-partitioning.
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Checkpoint solutions (2 of 2)
IBM Power Systems
Unitexercise
Exercise
© Copyright IBM Corporation 2013
IBM Power Systems
Having completed this unit, you should be able to:• Describe the following terms:
– Partition, logical partition (LPAR), resource
• Describe the following partition concepts:– Dynamic logical partitioning– Micro-partitioning– Shared processor pool– Virtual I/O– Live Partition Mobility (LPM)– Capacity on Demand (CoD)
• Describe the functions of the Hardware Management Console (HMC)• Describe the functions performed by the POWER Hypervisor• Describe the overall process for configuring partitions• List references for IBM Power Systems partitioning information
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Unit summary