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Page 1: Student Grading System

ABSTRACT

STUDENT GRADING SYSTEM (SGS) deals with the maintenance of university, college,

faculty, student information within the university. SGS is an automation system, which is used to

store the college, faculty, student, courses and information of a college.

Starting from registration of a new student in the college, it maintains all the details regarding the

attendance and marks of the students. The project deals with retrieval of information through an

INTRANET based campus wide portal. It collects related information from all the departments

of an organization and maintains files, which are used to generate reports in various forms to

measure individual and overall performance of the students.

Development process of the system starts with System analysis. System analysis involves

creating a formal model of the problem to be solved by understanding requirements.

Page 2: Student Grading System

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Grades are standardized measurements of varying levels of comprehension within a subject area.

Grades can be assigned in letters (for example, A, B, C, D, E, or F), as a range (for example 4.0–

1.0), as descriptors (excellent, great, satisfactory, needs improvement), in percentages, or, as is

common in some post-secondary institutions in some countries, as a Grade Point Average

(GPA). GPA is calculated by taking the number of grade points a student earned in a given

period of time divided by the total number of credits taken. The GPA can be used by potential

employers or further post-secondary institutions to assess and compare applicants. A Cumulative

Grade Point Average is a calculation of the average of all of a student's grades for all semesters

and courses completed up to a given academic term, whereas the GPA may only refer to one

term.

MOTIVATION

System metric and student show that result and mark All-to-often grades are used inappropriately

as a manipulative tool to get students to class.

OBJECTIVE

This is a web-based database application for a university where students and instructors will be

able to use the system to perform their related operations like checking and assigning of grades

respectively. It is a role based access system where every user login is authenticated by means of

a user name and password with which he/she will be able to login to his/her respective pages and

use the system as required.

Page 3: Student Grading System

PURPOSE OF THE SYSTEM

STUDENT GRADING SYSTEM (SGS) deals with the maintenance of university, college,

faculties, student information within the university. This project of SGS involved the automation

of student information that can be implemented in different college managements

The project deals with retrieval of information through an INTRANET based campus wide

portal. It collects related information from all the departments of an organization and maintains

files, which are used to generate reports in various forms to measure individual and overall

performance of the students.

EXISTING SYSTEM

The system starts with registration of new staff and students. When the subjects are to be

allocated to the faculty, the Head of the Department should enter everything in the Excel sheets.

Then the staff enters corresponding subject’s attendance and marks of a student then those must

also be entered in the Excel sheets and validations are to be done by the user itself. So there will

be a lot of work to be done and must be more conscious during the entrance of details. So, more

risk is involved.

PROBLEMS IN THE EXISTING SYSTEM:

Storing and accessing the data in the form of Excel sheets and account books is a tedious work. It

requires a lot of laborious work. It may often yield undesired results. Maintaining these records

as piles may turn out to be a costlier task than any other of the colleges and institutions

RISKS INVOLVED IN EXISTING SYSTEM:

Present System is time-consuming and also results in lack of getting inefficient results.

Some of the risks involved in the present system are During the entrance of marks and

attendance, if any mistake is done at a point, then this becomes cumulative and leads to

adverse consequences

If there is any need to retrieve results it may seem to be difficult to search.

Page 4: Student Grading System

PROPOSED SYSTEM

STUDENT GRADING SYSTEM (SGS) makes management to get the most updated

information always by avoiding manual accounting process. This system has the following

functional divisions.

University Administrator

College Administrator

User (Students / Faculties).

College Administrator has the rights of creating department, allocating courses to departments,

creating faculties, students and allocating subjects to faculties and modifications in the data

entered by the user can also be done by the college administrator.

User of this may be faculty or students. Faculty has the facility of entering the marks and

attendance of the students. Students can check their marks and attendance but there is no chance

of modifications.

Reports must be generated for the existing data i.e. for attendance and marks of the students,

which are used to assess the performance of the students. These reports should be viewed by the

in charge and user.

Page 5: Student Grading System

LITERARY SURVEY

Most colleges and universities and some private schools offer a pass/fail grading system for at

least some of their courses. In some institutions, pass/fail is the only option for some or all of

their courses.

Student grading system is different from the traditional five-interval grading system that gives

students A, B, C, D or F grades to give them an idea of their academic standing and progress

This system of a clear boundary between making the grade or falling short has benefits for

students individually as well as collectively.

TYPES OF GRADING

Mastery Grading

Grading Scale

Letter Grades

PERSONAL BENEFITS

Students work hard to attain their grades without worrying about competition. In the case of

younger students, this also builds self-esteem and confidence, as the grade does not compare

with other students --- it is simply a statement of their own merit and skill. In the tiered system of

grades, there is competition, and students might suffer from inferiority complexes if their grades

are lower than those of their peers. In the case of older students in professional courses, it helps

in the same way: the focus turns to achieving your own personal best.

FEATURES

Central database: Collect and report all of your school's student and staff information.

School customizable: Customize the program to meet your school's data collection and

reporting needs.

User customizable: Each user can customize the program for their specific job responsibilities.

Page 6: Student Grading System

Search and analyze: Search and report based on any information in the database. Break down

the student body by race, gender, age, etc.

Batch entry: Quickly and easily enter information into the records of all or a group of students.

Report writer: Comprehensive report writer lets you create any type of report, letter, label,

sophisticated report, or other document.

Customize reports: Customize any report you need to meet your exact needs.

Data merge: Print mailing labels merging any student information; save your secretary hours of

labor.

Export Easily: Export student data to other programs.

Flexible security: You choose the level of security appropriate for your school.

E-Mail Tools: E-mail any document, letter or report you create in Administrator's Plus using our

e-mail module.

Multi-language reports: The report writer supports multiple languages for many reports.

While grade scales in the U.S. are fairly standard, debates and questions about grading continue

today. There are similar questions about variability, because grading can be a subjective process,

as well as more philosophical questions about the relationship of grades to learning. Finally, even

the grade scale itself is not exactly the same at all schools.

Universities have always evaluated students, but the modern grading system did not always exist.

In fact, in the 18th century, there was no standardized means of evaluating students, and certainly

no means by which student performance at one institution could be easily compared with student

performance somewhere else. One of the first instances of an attempt to evaluate students

systematically .

GPA will be used to measure the academic standing of a student.  The Current GPA is calculated based on the graded modules taken in that semester.  Please refer to the following illustration on the computation.

The method of computing the Current Grade Point Average (Current GPA) for six modules with

Page 7: Student Grading System

one non-graded module, in a particular semester is as shown below:

                                                  Sum of ( Credit Units  x  Grade Points)Current GPA =  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------                                       Total current semester credit units (graded modules)

  ModuleCredit Unit

Grade   Grade Point(Credit Unit 

x Grade Point) 

  Module A  4 AD 4.0 16 

 Module B  5 A 4.0  20

 Module C  5 B 3.0  15

 Module D  4 C+ 2.5  10

 Module E  2 F 0.0  0

Module F 3 PX - -

Total credit units enrolled 23  

Total61

Less credit units of  non-graded module  (Module F)

3

Total credit units earned for the semester

20

                                                   Sum of ( Credit Units  x  Grade Points)Current GPA =  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------                                       Total current semester credit units (graded modules)                               16  + 20  + 15  + 10 +  0                     =  ----------------------------------                                4    +  5   +   5  +  4 +  2                              61                     =  ----------                              20

                     =    3.05

This system can be represented in a table, as follows:

Page 8: Student Grading System

 Grade    Average

percentageDefinition 

S 100% Honor & Excellent

 A 90% A particularly outstanding achievement 

 B  80% An achievement that surpasses the average standard

 C  70% An achievement that fulfills the average standard

 D  60%  

 E  50%   

 F  

Fail - considerable further work is required. 

Indescribably bad performance, total absence or failure to take any exams or do

any work.

Equivalency to other grade systems

ECTS SCALE U.S. Grade equivalents Swiss Grade equivalent German Grade equivalent 

 A   A  6  1.0-1.2

 B  A-/B+  5.5  1.3-1.5

 C  B  5  1.6-2.5

 D  C+  4.5  2.6-3.5

 E  C  4  3.6-4.0

 FX  F  3.5  4.1

 F  F  3  

INPUT AND OUTPUTS:

Page 9: Student Grading System

The major inputs and outputs and major functions of the system are follows:

INPUTS:

University Administrator enter his user id and password for login to authenticate in this

system

University Administrator creates the college.

While registration Colleges can able to provide their information like

College id

College name

Address Information of college

Password for the college

Administrator can create the various college details in this website.

Registered colleges and staff need to submit their log in information for change their

password.

For searching College details guest need to choose the colleges or search college option

for user interface.

For searching a college a guest can choose search college option.

For upload their details’ a college must login to their profile

For display they have to view the reports.

OUTPUTS:

Administrator can have his own home page. Colleges ans staff and student have their

own home page after completion of the authentication process.

Admin get all colleges and staff and course details.

The registered user’s data can be stored in centralized database through the system user

interface.

Various types of information can be displayed to the users like colleges, courses and

course subjects etc

After successful submission of log in information users can got their new password.

Profile can be update by the users individually.

MODULES

Page 10: Student Grading System

The online test created for taking online test has following stages

o Administrator Login

o User Login

o SMS Setting ( WEB interfce)

ADMINISTRATOR

Enter student grade for a course

Update student grade for a course

Search for student record (based on student ID or student name)

Run reports to calculate class performance

Run reports to enquire grades for any student in the class

LOGIN:-

There is a quality login window because this is more secure than other login forms as in a

normal login window there are multiple logins available so that more than one person can access

to test with there individual login. But in this project there is only one login id i.e. administrator

id and password by which a person enter the site. Hence it is more secure and reliable than

previously used on-line test simulators.

STUDENT

View all the courses taken for that particular period

Check grade in the courses

Get transcript (entire grade history)

Compare his/her performance with the class

Login Management: The initial login screen for Online Grading System

Page 11: Student Grading System

User Management: Create/Edit a user account

Report: Allows either a student or the administrator to run reports.

PROCESS MODEL USED WITH JUSTIFICATION

ACCESS CONTROL FOR DATA WHICH REQUIRE USER AUTHENTICAION

The following commands specify access control identifiers and they are typically used to

authorize and authenticate the user (command codes are shown in parentheses)

USER NAME (USER)

The user identification is that which is required by the server for access to its file system. This

command will normally be the first command transmitted by the user after the control

connections are made (some servers may require this).

PASSWORD (PASS)

This command must be immediately preceded by the user name command, and, for some sites,

completes the user's identification for access control. Since password information is quite

sensitive, it is desirable in general to "mask" it or suppress type out..

This application must be able to produce output at different modules for different inputs.

SGS (STUDENT GRADING SYSTEM) makes management to get the most updated

information always by avoiding manual accounting process.

• University Administrator

• College Administrator

• User (Students / Faculties)

• Reports

• Authentication

SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

Page 12: Student Grading System

Data flow Diagram

Level 0

View the info about Admin

View MArk / delete view comp info & EXAM offers

Retrieve Mark Reports Retrieve Mark info & Mark offers

Figure : 1

USER REGISTRATION

USER LOGIN DATA BASE

User registration

Admin

Grade Update

Database

Page 13: Student Grading System

LEVEL 1

NO YES

Figure: 2

User

Homepage

Exam Search Registration Form

Checks For

Valid User

Error Page Message

Page 14: Student Grading System

Clear Diagram

Go Through Login Page

Figure : 3

USER

LOGIN

Authentication processing

Registration accepted

Failed

NOYES

Page 15: Student Grading System

Clear Diagram

YES NO

NO YES

Add / Remove MARK

Figure : 4

Error Page

User

Homepage

Is he Reg. User

Error FormLogin

Successful

Grading Process

User ID & Password Authentication SMS Setting

Page 16: Student Grading System

UML DIAGRAM

User

Administrator

Registration

Update Grading

Report Generation

Page 17: Student Grading System

CHAPTER 2

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

SYSTEM : Pentium III 700 MHz

HARDDISK : 40 GB

MONITOR : 15 VGA Colour

MOUSE : Logitech

RAM :128MB

KEYBOARD : 110 Keys enhanced

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

Operating system : Windows XP Professional

Front End : PHP

Coding Language : PHP, HTML, Java Script

Back End : MYSQL

Page 18: Student Grading System

FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS

Add more input validations and error messages into the interface

Enhance student interface by providing him with more options to access like assigning

tasks, change his password etc

Enhance this application to include departments other than Computer Science.

Add a pop up calendar interface

Post new announcements related to the university available to all the users

REFERENCES

Maxey, E.J., & Ormsby, V.J. (1971). The accuracy of self-report information collected on

the ACT Test Battery: High school grades and items of nonacademic achievement (ACT

Research Report No. 45). Iowa City: The American College Testing Program.

Sawyer, R., Laing, J., & Houston, M. (1988). Accuracy of self-reported high school

courses and grades of college-bound students (ACT Research Report 88-1). Iowa City:

The American College Testing Program.

Schiel, J. & Noble, J. (1991). Accuracy of self-reported coursework and grade

information of high school sophomores (ACT Research Report 91-6). Iowa City: The

American College Testing Program.

Woodruff, D.J., & Ziomek, R.L. (2004). High school grade inflation from 1991 to 2003

(ACT Research Report 04-4). Iowa City: The American College Testing Program.

Page 19: Student Grading System