student-based budgeting - annenberg institute for school reform

8/3/2019 Student-Based Budgeting - Annenberg Institute for School Reform

1/51

Dogg 30?0

Equf}v onm X}umen},Coxem Cumie}fniEggen Dkgev' Aosen Joygev Lfgex' onm

Losiuesf}e Skro

Cumie}fni }k Xuppks} X}umen} Ohjfetelen}2Ney X}so}eifex dks Hen}sog Kddfhe

Boxkn Yfggfx onm Lo}} Jfgg

O Psfnhfpogx Pesxpeh}fte2 Elpkyeslen}dks XhjkkgxLo}}jey Jksnceha

X}umen},Coxem Cumie}fni fn ]kuij ]flex2]je Ney Vksa Hf}v EzpesfenheEggen Dkgev

Cevknm Dunmfni Dkslugox2 Mfx}sfh}]sonxdkslo}fkn }jskuij Yefij}em X}umen}Dunmfni onm X}so}eifh Mehen}sogfro}fknNoklf Hogtk onm Aosen Joygev Lfgex

X}umen},CoxemCumie}fni

Onnencesi Fnx}f}u}e dks Xhjkkg Sedksl w Tkfhex fn Uscon Emuho}fkn


2/51

X}umen},Coxem Cumie}fni

Nulces 36' Dogg 30?0

Pucgfxjes

Onnencesi Fnx}f}u}e dks Xhjkkg Sedkslo} Cskyn Unftesxf}vYossen Xfllknx' Ezehu}fte Mfseh}ks

Hk,xpknxksx

Emuho}fkn Sexkushe X}so}eifexYec2 j}}p2++esx}so}eifex.ksi

Ezehu}fte Emf}ks

Pjfgfp Igkumelonx

Iuex} Emf}ks

Eggen Dkgev

Lonoifni Emf}ks

Losiose} Coghj,Iknroger

Hkpv Emf}ks

Ksvo Jvme,Aegges

Pskmuh}fkn $ Mfx}sfcu}fkn

Losv Osafnx Mehoxxe

Mexfin

Ifgces} Mexfin Oxxkhfo}ex' Fnh.

Fggux}so}fkn

Hoskgfno Osen}xen

Tkfhex fn Uscon Emuho}fkn *fxxn?558,5=?z& fx puc,gfxjem quos}esgv o} Cskyn Unftesxf}v' Psktfmenhe'Sjkme Fxgonm. Os}fhgex lov ce sepskmuhem yf}joppskpsfo}e hsemf} }k }je Onnencesi Fnx}f}u}e.Xfnige hkpfex ose -?3.50 eohj' fnhgumfni pkx}oie onmjonmgfni. O mfxhkun} fx otofgocge kn cuga ksmesx.Hogg =0? :48,30?: dks dus}jes fndkslo}fkn.

]je Onnencesi Fnx}f}u}e dks Xhjkkg Sedksl yoxex}ocgfxjem fn ?668 o} Cskyn Unftesxf}v. F}x lfx,xfkn fx }k metegkp' xjose' onm oh} kn ankygemie }jo}flpsktex }je hknmf}fknx onm ku}hklex kd xhjkkg,fni fn Olesfho' expehfoggv fn uscon hkllunf}fexonm fn xhjkkgx xestfni mfxomton}oiem hjfgmsen. Dkspskisol fndkslo}fkn' hkn}oh}2

Onnencesi Fnx}f}u}e dks Xhjkkg SedkslCskyn Unftesxf}v' Ckz ?6:5Psktfmenhe' Sjkme Fxgonm 036?3

]eg2 =0? :48,9660Doz2 =0? :48,?360Yec2 yyy.onnencesifnx}f}u}e.ksi

30?0 Onnencesi Fnx}f}u}e dks Xhjkkg Sedksl


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4/51

Xhjkkg nonhe sedksl jox elesiem ox o hsf}fhoghklpknen} dks }je }sonxdkslo}fkn kd pucgfh xhjkkgx

fn }je U.X. Ktes }je gox} mehome' o iskyfni nulces

kd mfx}sfh}x jote }usnem }k on oppskohj ankyn cv

mfddesen} nolex x}umen},coxem cumie}fni' yefij}em

x}umen} dunmfni' onm dofs x}umen} dunmfni' olkni

k}jesx fn yjfhj cumie}x ose oggkho}em }k xhjkkgx fn

mkggosx' coxem kn o xhjkkgx pos}fhugos lfz kd x}umen}x'

so}jes }jon fn x}odd pkxf}fknx. X}umen},coxem cumie},

fni oggkyx dks o lkse equf}ocge onm so}fknog oggkho}fkn

kd dunmx olkni x}umen}x onm xhjkkgx yf}j mfddesfni

getegx onm }vpex kd neemx onm o ce}}es ogfinlen} kdxhjkkg cumie}x yf}j fnx}suh}fknog ikogx.

]jfx fxxue kdTkfhexfnUsconEmuho}fkn' pskmuhem

fn pos}nesxjfp yf}j Emuho}fkn Sexkushe X}so}eifex

*ESX&' yjfhj jox ceen o geomes fn }jfx egm' xjfnex o

xpk}gfij} kn x}umen},coxem cumie}fni dskl o tosfe}v

kd pesxpeh}ftex. Gox} Loshj' ESX hkntenem lkse

}jon xfz}v uscon emuho}fkn geomesx yjk io}jesem fn

Cog}flkse dks }je Dofs X}umen} Dunmfni Xullf}' o

hkndesenhe }jo} cskuij} }kie}jes o }k}og kd dkus}een

xhjkkg mfx}sfh}x }jo} u}fgfre yefij}em x}umen} dunmfni

ox on oppskohj dks oggkho}fni mkggosx }k xhjkkgx.

]je Xullf}x puspkxe yox }k psktfme o dksul dks

mfx}sfh}x }k xjose fmeox kn xhjkkg dunmfni' mfxhuxx

yjo} fx eddeh}fte onm yjo}x nk}' onm }k xposa ney

oppskohjex. Pos}fhfpon}x fnhgumem o lfz kd }jkxe yjk

jote yegg ex}ocgfxjem x}umen},coxem cumie}fni xvx,

}elx' }jkxe yjk sehen}gv omkp}em f}' }jkxe yjk yese

fn }je pgonnfni x}oiex kd flpgelen}o}fkn' onm }jkxe

yjk jote se}usnem }k o lkse hen}sogfrem xvx}el.

Oggkho}fniDunmxCoxemknX}umen}onmXhjkkgNeemx

PjfgfpIgkumelonx

fxmfseh}kskdx}so}eifh

hkllunfho}fknxo}

}jeOnnencesiFnx}f}u}e

dksXhjkkgSedksl.

Pjfgfp Igkumelonx

3 OnnencesiFnx}f}u}edksXhjkkgSedksl


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T.U

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.Dogg30?0 8

Xullf} pos}fhfpon}x os}fhugo}em o sonie kd ikogx'

pjfgkxkpjfex' oppskohjex' onm hknhesnx seiosmfni

x}umen},coxem cumie}fni' cu} xkle flpks}on} gexxknx

elesiem' fnhgumfni2

X}umen},coxem cumie}fni lux} ce cufg} oskunm

ohomelfh x}so}eifex onm ikogx' so}jes }jon msften

cv xhog hknxfmeso}fknx.

O pk}en}fog cene} kd x}umen},coxem cumie}fni

fx }jo} psfnhfpogx jote }je ffiezfcfgf}v }k }ofgks

sexkushex }k }jefs xhjkkgx neemx.

X}umen},coxem cumie}fni psklk}ex mfx}sfh}

hkntesxo}fknx kn xhjkkg sexkushe equf}v.

]je sfhj mfxhuxxfknx dskl }jfx hkndesenhe psk,

tfmem }je fnxpfso}fkn dks }jfx fxxue kdTUE. Flpge,

len}fni x}umen},coxem cumie}fni hon ce o mfdhug}

po}j' cu} }je pskhexx hon cene} dskl }je ezpesfenhe

kd }jkxe mfx}sfh}x yjfhj jote flpgelen}em f} onm

}je sexeoshj unmes}oaen }k ce}}es unmesx}onm yjo}

yksax' yjo} joxn}' onm yjv.

]je Onnencesi Fnx}f}u}ex Eggen Dkgev' yjk joxceen dkggkyfni }jfx xhjkkg,dunmfni hknhep} dks }je

pox} }en veosx' kpenx }jfx fxxue yf}j o se,ezolfno}fkn

kd x}umen},coxem cumie}fni yf}j o aeen eve }kyosm

}je geosnfnix mesftem dskl o mehome kd ezpesfenhe

onm yf}j on elpjoxfx kn jky }jfx oppskohj hon

unhktes jfmmen fnequf}fex onm xuiiex} lkse equf}ocge

oggkho}fknx. Dkgev osiuex }jo} equf}v oh}uoggv sequfsex

unequogpes x}umen} dunmfni. Ox xje nk}ex' fd equogf}v

fx dkhuxem kn getegfni }je pgovfni egm onm psktfmfni

ogg x}umen}x }je xole kppks}unf}v' }jen yefij}em x}u,

men} dunmfni }k ohjfete }jfx ikog hon ce hknxfmesem

dofs' eten yjen f} leonx }jo} xkle x}umen}x sehefte

lkse mkggosx }jon k}jesx. Aosen Joygev Lfgex onm

Losiuesf}e Skro psktfme ommf}fknog pesxpeh}ftex.

Boxkn Yfggfx onm Lo}} Jfgg dkggky yf}j }jefs

kcxesto}fknx dskl }je hen}sog kdhe pesxpeh}fte'

msoyfni kn }jefs ezpesfenhex flpgelen}fni sexug}x,

coxem cumie}fni o dksl kd x}umen},coxem cumie}fni

fn Koagonm. ]jev mexhsfce jky mfx}sfh}x isoppge


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= OnnencesiFnx}f}u}edksXhjkkgSedksl

yf}j }je hjonifni mvnolfh kd }je dolfgfos }kp,mkyn

x}suh}use }k o ney' hux}kles,msften onm }sonxposen}

ksionfro}fkn }jo} x}umen},coxem cumie}fni sequfsex

}k yksa eddeh}ftegv.

]k kc}ofn o xhjkkg psfnhfpogx pkfn} kd tfey kn

x}umen},coxem cumie}fni' ye fn}estfeyem Lo}}jey

Jksnceha kd Cog}flksex Jolpx}eom Jfgg Ohomelv'

yjkxe xhjkkg fx nky fn}k f}x }jfsm veos elpgkvfni }jfx

xhjkkg,nonhfni lkmeg. Jksnceha elpjoxfrex }jo} f}

pu}x xhjkkgx xquosegv fn hjosie kd }je mehfxfknx }jo}

oddeh} }eohjfni onm geosnfni.

Eggen Dkgev se}usnx yf}j o setfey kd yjo} khhussem

fn Ney Vksa Hf}v xhjkkgx ktes }je gox} }jsee veosx

dkggkyfni }je flpgelen}o}fkn kd x}umen},coxem

cumie}fni onm' xpehfhoggv' yjo} flpoh} }je sehexxfkn

onm }je xucxequen} cumie} hu}x jom kn }jfx

dunmfni dkslugo.

Ye hgkxe }je fxxue yf}j on os}fhge cv Noklf

Hogtk onm Aosen Joygev Lfgex kd ESX' yjk unmes,

xhkse }jo} hjonifni }je yov xhjkkgx ose dunmemneemx }k ce hkupgem yf}j sexkushe ffiezfcfgf}v' ohhkun},

ocfgf}v' onm hopohf}v cufgmfni dks psfnhfpogx yjo}

}jev hjosoh}esfre ox x}so}eifh mehen}sogfro}fkn dks

x}umen},coxem cumie}fni }k ce xuhhexxdug. ]jev pkfn}

ku} }jo} }je lkx} xfinfhon} gexxkn mesftem dskl }je

ESX Xullf} yox }jo} x}umen},coxem cumie}fni fx

seoggv ocku} jky nonhex hon ce ksionfrem oskunm

}je ohomelfh oienmo' so}jes }jon ocku} cumie}fni

pes xe. ]jev nk}e }jo} }jfx sequfsex psfnhfpogx yjk

anky jky }k ksionfre sexkushex }k eddeh}ftegv xuppks}

fnx}suh}fkn' cu} dey psfnhfpogx hussen}gv sehefte }jfx

}vpe kd }sofnfni. Hgeosgv' yf}jku} hopohf}v cufgmfni dks

xhjkkg HEKx' psfnhfpogx ykugm jote mfdhug}v hkpfni

yf}j }je x}suh}usog hjoniex sexug}fni dskl x}umen},

coxem cumie}fni.

Dks lkse fndkslo}fkn ocku} }je

Emuho}fkn Sexkushe X}so}eifex DofsX}umen}Dunmfni Xullf} onm }k mkyngkom }je

hkndesenhe pskheemfnix' pgeoxe xee

7yyy.esx}so}eifex.ksi+sexkushex+me}ofgx

+dofs[x}umen}[dunmfni[xullf}?>.


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PjfgfpIgkumelonx wT.U

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.Dogg30?0 5

X}umen},coxem cumie}fni fx nk} o ponoheo.

Cu} dks}fem yf}j hsf}fhog xuppks}x xuhj ox hopohf}v

cufgmfni dks psfnhfpogx onm flpgelen}em ox pos}

kd o hklpsejenxfte mfx}sfh} }sonxdkslo}fkn' f} hon

psktfme }je dkunmo}fkn dks msolo}fh onm leonfnidug

sedkslx }jo} ifte ogg hjfgmsen fn o mfx}sfh} on equf}ocge

hjonhe }k lee} onm ezheem }je x}onmosmx ex}ocgfxjem

dks }jel.


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]en veosx oik' }je OnnencesiFnx}f}u}e dks Xhjkkg Sedksl gem }jefnf}fo}fte Xhjkkg Hkllunf}fex ]jo}

Yksa2 O No}fknog ]oxa Dkshe kn }je

Du}use kd Uscon Mfx}sfh}x' yjkxe

hjosie yox }k ezolfne }je pk}en}fog

skge dks mfx}sfh}x fn hseo}fni onm flpge,

len}fni uscon xhjkkg sedksl. ]je }oxa

dkshe metegkpem }je ney hknhep} kd oxlos} mfx}sfh} o jfij,pesdkslfni

hkllunf}v kd xhjkkgx }jo} ykugm

enxuse ck}j equf}v kd kppks}unf}v

onm jfij,geteg ohjfetelen} ohskxx ogg

iskupx kd x}umen}x. ]jfx hknhep} isey

dskl }je sehkinf}fkn }jo} }je xhjkkg

mfx}sfh}' yf}j ogg f}x }somf}fknog doug}x' fx

x}fgg }je kngv en}f}v }jo} jox }je pucgfh

lonmo}e }k emuho}e ogg o hkllunf}vx

hjfgmsen' }je pkyes }k lkcfgfre pucgfh

sexkushex' onm }je ohhkun}ocfgf}v }k }je

hkllunf}v }jo} ose neemem }k psktfme

jfij,quogf}v emuho}fkn o}xhoge. ]je ikog

kd emuho}fni ogghjfgmsen fn oggxhjkkgx

fnhgumfni }je gky,fnhkle' lfnksf}v

hjfgmsen yjk jote jfx}ksfhoggv ceen xk

unmes,xestem cv kus pucgfh emuho}fkn

xvx}el honnk} ce ohhklpgfxjem

yf}jku} o jfij,dunh}fknfni mfx}sfh}.?

]je yksa kd }je }oxa dkshe huglf,

no}em fn }je pucgfho}fkn fn 3003 kd }je

Pks}dkgfkdksMfx}sfh}Semexfin' o xe} kd

dsoleyksax' }kkgx' onm k}jes sexkushex

}k jegp mfx}sfh}x cufgm }je hopohf}v }k

cehkle xlos} mfx}sfh}x. Kne flpks,

}on} xeh}fkn kd }je Pks}dkgfkku}gfnemyjo} yox' o} }je }fle' o sego}ftegv ney

hknhep}2 x}umen},coxemcumie}fni' ogxk

sedessem }k ox yefij}emx}umen}dunmfni

ksdofsx}umen}dunmfni. ]jfx hknhep}

xestem ox o pkyesdug }kkg }k fmen}fdv

onm selemv dunmfni fnequf}fex yf}jfn o

mfx}sfh} *ox kppkxem }k ce}yeen mfx}sfh}x&

}jo} yese kd}en josm }k peshefte olkni

}je lug}fpge onm hknduxfni x}seolx kd

dunmfni }jo} hkn}sfcu}e }k xhjkkg cum,

ie}x. Aosen Joygev Lfgex kd Emuho}fkn

Sexkushe X}so}eifex onm Losiuesf}e

Skro' }jen on oxxfx}on} pskdexxks o} }je

Unftesxf}v kd Yoxjfni}kn' hkn}sfcu}em

EggenDkgevfx

oxxkhfo}emfseh}kskd

mfx}sfh}semexfinonm

geomesxjfpo}}je

OnnencesiFnx}f}u}e

dksXhjkkgSedksl.

AosenJoygevLfgexfx

psexfmen}onmezehu}fte

mfseh}kskdEmuho}fkn

SexkusheX}so}eifex.

Losiuesf}eSkrofx

xenfksmo}oonm

ehknklfhomtfxeso}

}jeCfgg$Legfnmo

Io}exDkunmo}fkn.

Equf}vonmX}umen},CoxemCumie}fni

Eggen Dkgev' Aosen Joygev Lfgex'onm Losiuesf}o Skro

X}umen},coxemcumie}fnihonunhktesjfmmenfnequf}fexfnomfx}sfh}xoggkho}fknkddunmx

olknixhjkkgxonmxesteoxoho}ogvx}dkscskomessedkslx}ksexpknm}kx}umen}neemx.

? ]je hknhep} kd o xlos} mfx}sfh} jox etkgtem

fn}k kus hussen} tfxfkn kd o xlos} emuho}fkn

xvx}el o jfij,dunh}fknfni mfx}sfh} fn pos}nes,xjfp yf}j hf}v oienhfex onm hkllunf}v onm hftfh

ksionfro}fknx }jo} psktfmex o ne}yksa kd xuppks}x

onm kppks}unf}fex }k psklk}e jfij,quogf}v

x}umen} geosnfni onm metegkplen} yjesetes f}

khhusx o} xhjkkg' o} jkle' onm fn }je hkllu,

nf}v. Dks lkse kn xlos} emuho}fkn xvx}elx' xee

7yyy.onnencesifnx}f}u}e.ksi+Tfxfkn+fnmez.pjp>.


9/51

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.Dogg30?0 9

Dfsx} X}epx }k o Geteg Pgovfni Dfegm2

On Fn}skmuh}fkn }k X}umen},Coxem

Cumie}fni }k }je Pks}dkgfk.

Yete nky }oaen o dsexj gkka o}

}jo} xelfnog os}fhge dks }jfx fxxue kd

TkfhefnUsconEmuho}fkn' upmo}fni f}

yf}j gexxknx dskl neosgv o mehome kd

yksa x}umvfni fn}so,mfx}sfh} nonhe

onm x}umen},coxem cumie}fni. Lfgex

onm Skro' fn }je Pesxpeh}ftex xfmecosx

kn poiex : onm ?=' ogxk xjose }jefs

seffieh}fknx kn }je etkgu}fkn kd x}umen},

coxem cumie}fni xfnhe }je pucgfho}fkn

kd }je Pks}dkgfk.

Kd hkusxe' }je emuho}fkn gonmxhope

jox hjoniem msolo}fhoggv xfnhe 3003.

Mue fn pos} }k }je yksa kd kus }oxa

dkshe' lkse onm lkse xhjkgosx' psoh}f,

}fknesx' onm pkgfhv,loaesx ose dkhuxfni

kn }je skge kd hen}sog kdhex fn xup,

pks}fni xvx}elyfme sedksl. ]senmx }jo}

yese noxhen} o mehome oik }k mftesxfdv

onm elpkyes xhjkkgx }je hjos}es

xhjkkg lktelen}' xlogg,xhjkkgx

fnf}fo}ftex' onm pks}dkgfk,kd,xhjkkgx

oppskohjex' dks ezolpge ose fnhseox,

fnigv pos} kd }je x}onmosm kpeso}fni

pskhemusex fn xhjkkg mfx}sfh}x onm

hkllunf}fex. Lonv mfx}sfh}x jote ogxk

omkp}em lkse pkyesdug fndkslo}fkn

xvx}elx }jo} ifte }jel }je hopocfgf}v kd

ezolfnfni mo}o o} o luhj nes isofn'

mkyn }k }je sexpknxex kd fnmftfmuogx}umen}x kn dkslo}fte onm xullo}fte

oxxexxlen}x. ]jexe }senmx jote puxjem

lonv mfx}sfh}x }k tosv }je }somf}fknog

kne xfre }x ogg oppskohj onm ceifn

}k mepgkv sexkushex }k xeste x}umen}x

coxem kn }jefs xpehfh neemx.

]je fn}esex} fn x}umen},coxem

cumie}fni *XCC& fx o no}usog ku}isky}j

kd }jexe metegkplen}x. Yjfge }jese oseo nulces kd seoxknx mfx}sfh}x *ks x}o}ex'

dks }jo} lo}}es& lfij} fn}skmuhe o

yefij}em x}umen} dunmfni dkslugo' ye

dkhux jese kn o hen}sog hknhesn kd }je

Onnencesi Fnx}f}u}e2 equf}v.

Fnequf}fex Yf}jfn Mfx}sfh}x

Xkle kd }je jfmmen fnequf}fex fn

yf}jfn,mfx}sfh} dunmfni osfxe dskl }je

yov sexkushex ose oggkho}em }k xhjkkgx.

Lonv mfx}sfh}x uxe o dkslugo }k oppks,}fkn x}odd onm k}jes sexkushex }k xhjkkgx

coxem lofngv kn }je nulces kd pupfgx

fn }je xhjkkg' yf}j k}jes doh}ksx pgovfni

o gexxes skge *xee xfmecos' poie 6&.

]jexe x}onmosm psoh}fhex hon

sexug} fn tesv mfddesen} pes,pupfg mkggos

olkun}x fn mfddesen} xhjkkgx. Yjfge

}je fn}en} fx kd}en }k mfseh} sexkushex

}k jfijes,neemx x}umen}x onm xhjkkgx'o iskyfni ckmv kd sexeoshj xjkyx }jo}

}jexe psoh}fhex xjks}hjonie xhjkkgx

}jo} xeste gky,fnhkle x}umen}x onm

x}umen}x kd hkgks. Dks fnx}onhe' on

Emuho}fkn ]sux}Yex} *3005& sepks}

nk}em }jo} Hogfdksnfox xvx}el kd

cumie}fni }eohjes xogosfex senmesem

fntfxfcge

o loxxfte }sonxdes kd dunmx dskl

kus gexx,omton}oiem }k kus lkx},omton}oiem xhjkkgx. Ye lov xov }jo}

ye ose xpenmfni -4'456 pes x}umen}

fn o }vpfhog Hogfdksnfo xhjkkg mfx}sfh}'

cu} }je pes,x}umen} mkggosx }jo} ffiky

}k }jo} mfx}sfh} dks pkks' Go}fnk' onm

Odsfhon Olesfhon x}umen}x ose kd}en


10/51

: OnnencesiFnx}f}u}edksXhjkkgSedksl

ikfni dksyosm' onm cumie} hu}x

kd}en psklp} hjoniex fn mfx}sf,cu}fknx kd dunmx ohskxx xhjkkgx.

Yjese mfx}sfh}x uxe x}umen},

coxem cumie}fni' geomesx hon ce

xuse }jo} }jefs hu}x jote ceen

mepgkvem dofsgv ohskxx xhjkkgx

onm x}umen} }vpex. Yjese'

jkyetes' hu}x ose lome pfehe,

leog hu}}fni o x}odd pkxf}fkn

jese ks }jese dskl mfddesen}

xhjkkgx }je kppkxf}e lfij}joppen. Hu}x }jo} xeel so}fknog

lov geote xhjkkgx kpeso}fni

yf}j tesv mfddesen} sexkushex.

So}jes }jon mepgkv hu}x fn }eslx

kd x}odd D]Ex"' XCC dkshex mehf,

xfknx }k ce lome fn }eslx kd

mkggosx' nk} bux} D]Ex' yjfhj hon

}jen oggky on jknex} hknxfmes,

o}fkn kd }somekddx.

aosenjoygevlfgex2 Yjen ye

ceion }jfx yksa' }je fmeo kd

mfx}sfh}x lonoifni pks}dkgfkx kd

xhjkkgx }jo} fnhgumem fn,mfx}sfh}

hjos}esx onm k}jes afnmx kd

xhjkkg mexfinx yox fn f}x fndonhv'

onm fnmepenmen} hjos}esx yese

bux} loafni o losa. Nky' lkx}

mfx}sfh}x jote xhjkkgx }jo} jote o

tosfe}v kd mfddesen} getegx kd

ffiezfcfgf}v' onm fnmepenmen}

hjos}esx ose xestfni gosie pes,hen}oiex kd x}umen} fn xkle

mfx}sfh}x. ]jfx }senm loaex setfx,

fni dunmfni xvx}elx }k oggkho}e

mkggosx fn yovx }jo} ombux} dofsgv

dks mfddesenhex fn x}umen} neem

eten lkse hsf}fhog.

]oafniomton}oiekdiseo}es

ffiezfcfgf}v}kfntex}fn}ehjnkgkiv

aosenjoygevlfgex2 Dey

mfx}sfh}x yese }ogafni ocku}

uncunmgfni fnx}suh}fkn yf}jfn

}je xhjkkg mov }k fnhgume kngfne

hkusxex ks }ehjnkgkiv ox on ofm

}k hkusxe megftesv' ox }jev ose

nky. ]jfx }senm loaex hkntes},fni dskl x}odd oggkho}fknx }k

mkggosx tesv flpks}on}' ox

xhjkkgx lfij} mehfme }k xpenm

xkle kd }jefs lknev kn ez}esnog

psktfmesx ks }ehjnkgkiv }k

kddes hes}ofn hkusxex ks psktfme

ensfhjlen}.

losiuesf}eskro2 Gkkafni

dksyosm' x}umen},coxem cumie},

fni loaex eten lkse xenxecehouxe cumie}fni fn }eslx kd

mkggosx *onm nk} bux} D]Ex& yfgg

oggky xhjkkgx onm mfx}sfh}x }k

}oae omton}oie kd }ehjnkgkifhog

fnnkto}fknx }jo} ose fnhseoxfnigv

otofgocge }k xhjkkgx. Yjese

dunmx ose megftesem kngv fn }eslx

kd D]Ex' }je dunmx hon} seomfgv

ce hkntes}em fn}k psklfxfni

}ehjnkgkifex ks xestfhex. Hkn,

xfmes' dks ezolpge' o metfhe }jo}

uxex on oto}os }k hkntes} xkunm

fn}k xfin goniuoie dks jeosfni

flpofsem x}umen}x *}jux egflf,

no}fni }je neem dks fn}espse}esx&.

Ox }jexe afnmx kd fnnkto}fknx

pkp up' ogg xhjkkgx yfgg neem }k

ce ocge }k uxe }jefs dunmx oppsk,

psfo}egv dks xuhj kp}fknx. Gkka,

fni dksyosm' equf}v yfgg neem }k

ce leoxusem fn }eslx kd mkggosx'nk} pushjoxem onm oxxfinem

x}odd' xfnhe xhjkkg sexkushex yfgg

fntkgte xk luhj lkse }jon bux}

}je x}odd.

Jkyjoxvkuspesxpeh}ftehjoniem

knx}umen},coxemcumie}fnionm

f}xpk}en}fog}kflpskteequf}v

xfnheyepucgfxjemDfsx}X}epx}k

oGetegPgovfniDfegmfn3003;

Jkyjotehjoniexfn}jeegmkd

emuho}fknsedksloddeh}emXCC

flpgelen}o}fkn;

XCCoxpos}kdohklpsejenxfte

sedkslx}so}eiv

aosenjoygevlfgex2 F unmes,x}onm lkse meepgv jky luhj

}je me}ofgx lo}}es onm }jo} XCC

lux} ce pos} kd o lkse hklpse,

jenxfte }sonxdkslo}fkn x}so}eiv.

Flpgelen}em ox o x}sfh}gv lo}j,

elo}fhog ezeshfxe yf}jku}

o}}enmfni }k hseo}fni ffiezfcfgf}v'

hopohf}v' onm ohhkun}ocfgf}v'

equf}v fn dunmfni ykn} jote

onv flpoh} kn equf}v kd ku},

hklex' yjfhj' kd hkusxe' fx yjo}ye ose od}es. ]je yjkge pkfn} kd

ie}}fni lkse sexkushex }k

xhjkkgx }jo} jote x}umen}x yf}j

iseo}es hjoggeniex onm oggkho}fni

mkggosx fnx}eom kd x}odd fx }k

elpkyes xhjkkg geomesx }k

ksionfre sexkushex fn ney yovx

}jo} ce}}es lee} x}umen} neemx.

]kk kd}en' psfnhfpogx hjonie

nk}jfni }jo} flpoh}x fnx}suh}fkncehouxe }jev jote nk tfxfkn kd

onk}jes yov }k mk }jfnix onm nk

jegp }k uxe }je ney mkggosx fn

yovx }jo} lo}}es lkx}.

Xuppks}fni}jefnhseoxfnigvhsf}fhog

neem}koggkho}ecumie}xdofsgv

losiuesf}eskro2 Lkse }jon

etes' mfx}sfh} geomesx neem }k ce

}jkuij}dug fn jky }jev mepgkv

}jefs mkggosx. Hussen} pskbeh}fknx

xuiiex} }jo} mfx}sfh}x yfgg jote

lkse hknx}sofnem sexkushex

PESXPEH]FTEX2 Yjo}joxhjoniem;

"D]E2dugg,}fleequftogen}'oyov

kdleoxusfnioggkho}fknxkdx}odd

}flee.i.'}ykjogd,}flepkxf,

}fknxykugmommup}kkneD]E


11/51

EggenDkgev'AosenJoygevLfgex'onmLosiuesf}eSkro wT.U

.E

.Dogg30?0 6

xpen} nk} kn }jel' cu} kn }jefs

lkse odffiuen} hkun}espos}x ohskxx

}kyn. ... Dks o x}umen} fn jfij xhjkkgx

xestfni lkx}gv Go}fnk onm Odsfhon

Olesfhon x}umen}x' }je ex}flo}em

otesoie }eohjes xogosv fx -='??6 gexxpes }eohjes }jon fn o jfij xhjkkg xest,

fni }je deyex} lfnksf}v x}umen}x. ...

Fd }jfx x}umen} o}}enmem }je xhjkkgx

xestfni }je jfijex} nulcesx kd Go}fnk

onm Odsfhon Olesfhon x}umen}x dskl

}je }fle kd afnmesios}en }jskuij jfij

xhjkkg' Hogfdksnfo yfgg jote xpen} o

}k}og kd -?93'434 gexx kn ogg kd jfx

}eohjesx *A?3& }jon kn }je A?3

}eohjesx fn xhjkkgx yf}j }je deyex}Go}fnk onm Odsfhon Olesfhon x}umen}x.

*pp. :' ?0&

Lkse ezolpgex ose psexen}em

fn Pkmex}o onm Cskyn 300:1 Lfgges

30?01 Lfgex onm Skro 30041 Cesne'

Sucenx}efn' onm X}fedeg ?66:1 onm Skro

onm Jfgg 300=.

Lonv kd }je mfddesenhex fn

}somf}fknoggv oggkho}em dunmfni hon ceo}}sfcu}em }k }jexe te oseox2

Xhjkkgxfre. Lkx} mfx}sfh}x oggkho}e

hes}ofn x}odd pkxf}fknx }k eohj

xhjkkg seiosmgexx kd xfre. ]jesedkse'

x}odni,coxem dkslugox }enm }k

ifte lkse sexkushex pes pupfg }k

xlogg xhjkkgx onm deyes sexkushex

}k gosie xhjkkgx. Dks ezolpge' etesv

egelen}osv xhjkkg lfij} ie} opsfnhfpog' o xehse}osv' onm o gfcsosfon

seiosmgexx kd jky lonv x}umen}x

o}}enm }je xhjkkg. Fd o xhjkkg jf}x

o hes}ofn enskgglen} }jsexjkgm'

f} lfij} sehefte ommf}fknog xup,

pks}' xuhj ox on oxxfx}on} psfnhfpog.

Lo}jelo}fhoggv' }jfx leonx }jo}

o xlogg xhjkkg seheftex lkse

mkggos sexkushex pes pupfg }k hktesf}x psfnhfpog }jon }je gosie xhjkkg

cehouxe }je hkx} kd }je psfnhfpog fx

mftfmem olkni deyes x}umen}x.

Loine}onmk}jesxpehfogpskisolx.

Xkle xhjkkgx sehefte ommf}fknog

x}odd }k flpgelen} mfx}sfh} psk,

isolx }jo} ose nk} mfx}sfcu}em

equoggv kn }je coxfx kd nulces ks

}vpex kd x}umen}x. Dks ezolpge'

fn xkle uscon mfx}sfh}x' loine}

xhjkkgx xhjkkgx yf}j on fmen}f,

ocge }jele ks oppskohj }k xhjkkg,

fni ie} lkse x}odd kn }kp kd

}je dkslugo oggkho}fkn }k xuppks}

f}x xpehfh mexfin. Dks ezolpge'

Lkn}exxksf xhjkkgx uxe }jefs x}odd

mfddesen}gv onm ose }jux dunmem

xeposo}egv' ku}xfme }je x}onmosm

dkslugo. Yf}j mfddesen} dkslugox'

JkyMfx}sfh}xOggkho}eSexkushex

]jese ose uxuoggv }jsee ho}eiksfex kd sexkushex fnhgumem fn

o }somf}fknog dunmfni dkslugo2

x}odd onm mkggosx }jo} tosv coxem kn }je nulces

kd x}umen}x1

x}odd etesv xhjkkg ie}x' seiosmgexx kd nulces kd x}umen}x

*dks ezolpge' etesv xhjkkg ie}x kne psfnhfpog&1

sexkushex }jo} tosv coxem kn mfddesenhex fn }je oie' xfre'

ks edhfenhv kd }je xhjkkg cufgmfni.

Kn }kp kd }jexe dkslugo,msften sexkushex' }je mfx}sfh}

}jen ommx x}odd pkxf}fknx onm mkggosx uxfni k}jes hsf}esfo. Dks

ezolpge' on os}x,dkhuxem xhjkkg mexfinem }k o}}soh} x}umen}x

dskl ogg ktes }je mfx}sfh} lfij} sehefte ommf}fknog dunmfni

}k xuppks} f}x pskisol. Ks o xhjkkg o}}elp}fni }k fn}eiso}e

xpehfog emuho}fkn x}umen}x fn}k seiugos hgoxxskklx lfij}

sehefte ez}so x}odd }k xuppks} f}x eddks}.

Od}es me}eslfnfni }je nulces kd pkxf}fknx onm k}jes

oggkho}fknx hoghugo}em kn }je coxe onm xpehfog hsf}esfo' }je

mfx}sfh} }jen ieneso}ex o mkggos cumie} cv lug}fpgvfni }je

nulces kd pkxf}fknx oggkho}em cv }je mfx}sfh}yfme otesoie

xogosv dks }jo} pkxf}fkn. ]je xhjkkg cumie} dks }eohjesx

ykugm }k}og }je nulces kd oggkho}em }eohjesx lug}fpgfem

cv }je otesoie }eohjes xogosv fn }je mfx}sfh}.


12/51

?0 OnnencesiFnx}f}u}edksXhjkkgSedksl

lonv kd }jexe loine} xhjkkgx

jote ceen peslf}}em }k kpeso}e o}

luhj jfijes pes pupfg hkx}x }jon

}je mfx}sfh}x seiugos xhjkkgx.

Mfx}sfh},hkn}skggemsexkushexdks

xpehfogx}umen}pkpugo}fknx.Fn psk,

isolx dks xpehfog x}umen} pkpugo,

}fknx' xuhj ox xpehfog emuho}fkn ks

cfgfniuog pskisolx' mfx}sfh},geteg

mepos}len}x kd}en hkn}skg o gosie

pks}fkn kd x}odd onm dunmfni }jo} fx

nk} oggkho}em }k xhjkkgx coxem kn

}je nulces kd pupfgx.

Pjvxfhogpgon}mfddesenhex.Kpeso}fni

hkx}x tosv dskl xhjkkg }k xhjkkg

coxem kn }je xfre' oie' govku}' onm

mexfin kd }je xhjkkg dohfgf}fex.

]jexe doh}ksx ose nk} ogyovx

sego}em }k }je nulces kd x}umen}x'

onm }jev ose gosiegv ku}xfme }je

hkn}skg kd xhjkkg geomesx.

Ohhkun}fnipsoh}fhex. ]je hkllkn

psoh}fhe kd oggkho}fni pesxknneg

hkx}x kn }je coxfx kd otesoie

xogosfex sexug}x fn xenfksf}v,msften

fnequf}fex. O xhjkkg yf}j lkse

xenfks onm }jesedkse lkse

ezpenxfte }eohjesx ykugm

oh}uoggv sehefte lkse }eohjfni

mkggosx pes pupfg }jon kne yf}j

lkse bunfks }eohjesx. Cu} }jexe

nulcesx ose jfmmen eten lkse

meepgv' xfnhe kngv }je otesoie

xogosv nulcesx xjky fn cumie}

oggkho}fknx pes xhjkkg. Ox nk}em

fn }je os}fhge X}umen},Coxem

Cumie}fni fn ]kuij ]flex2 ]je

Ney Vksa Hf}v Ezpesfenhe fn }jfx

fxxue kdTkfhexfnUsconEmuho}fkn'

lkx} mfx}sfh}x' eten }jkxe }jo}

jote omkp}em yefij}em x}umen}

dunmfni' hkn}fnue }k uxe otesoie

}eohjes xogosv dks cumie}fni pus,

pkxex. ]je sexug} fn lkx} gkhogex fx

}jo} xpenmfni kn }eohjes xogosfex

fx fntesxegv pskpks}fknog }k x}umen}

pktes}v so}ex.

Jkyetes' nk} ogg kd }je mfddesenhex

fn fn}so,mfx}sfh} xhjkkg cumie}x hon

ce ezpgofnem cv }jexe te doh}ksx.

Lonv ose nk} ox so}fknog. Dks ezolpge'

fn o x}umv kd ]ezox xhjkkg mfx}sfh}x' kngv

88 peshen} kd }je tosfo}fkn fn pes pupfg

ezpenmf}use hkugm ce ezpgofnem cv

xhjkkg hjosoh}esfx}fhx *Skro e}. og 30091

Skro' Iufn $ Motfx 3009&.

DofsMkexn}NehexxosfgvLeonEquog

Iften }je lonv xkushex kd fnequf}v

ck}j ezpgofnem onm unezpgofnem

fnjesen} fn }somf}fknog xhjkkg dunmfni

dkslugox' yjo} ykugm ce dofs; ]jfx

quex}fkn fx hklpgez' eten yjen ye

dkhux kn nonhfog equf}v. Ox Lfgex onm

Skro *3004& ezpgofn' }jese ose lonv

doh}ksx xkle hkllkn xenxe onm

k}jesx }jo} lfij} ce ktesgkkaem }k

hknxfmes fn ksmes }k ommsexx equf}v2

Lonv x}umfex jote ohankygemiem }jo}

fntex}fio}fknx kd sexkushe mfx}sfcu}fknx

yf}jfn mfx}sfh}x lux} }oae fn}k ohhkun}

ck}j jksfrkn}og equf}v *equog }seo},

len} kd equog x}umen}x& onm tes}fhog


13/51


.E

.Dogg30?0 ??

equf}v *sequfsfni jfijes xpenmfni

dks x}umen}x yf}j iseo}es neemx&. ...

Jkyetes' xkle sehen} yksa xuiiex}x

}jo} fntex}fio}fknx kd sexkushe equf}v

xjkugm ogxk hknxfmes }yk ommf}fknog

ho}eiksfex kd quex}fknx2 *o& }eohjesonm geomesxjfp hopohf}v' onm *c& }je

hklpkxf}fkn ks lfz kd }je xhjkkgx

x}umen} pkpugo}fkn. Eten yf}j }je

xole mkggos sexkushex' dks tosfkux

seoxknx xhjkkgx lfij} jote mfddesen}

ohhexx }k }ogen}em' jfij,pesdkslfni

}eohjesx onm psfnhfpogx. Xehknm'

xhjkkgx yf}j jfijes hknhen}so}fknx kd

jfij,neemx x}umen}x lov dohe mfddes,

en} hjoggeniex }jon xhjkkgx yf}j kngvo dey xuhj x}umen}x. *p. =4&

X}umen},coxem cumie}fni

dkslugox yjfhj oggkho}e oh}uog mkggosx

mfseh}gv }k xhjkkgx kn }je coxfx kd ck}j

}je nulces kd x}umen}x enskggem onm

yefij}x oxxfinem }k tosfkux ho}eiksfex

kd x}umen}x ommsexxex o} geox} }yk kd

}je }vpex kd equf}v fxxuex }jo} Lfgex

onm Skro fmen}fdv. Xfnhe ye sx} ysk}eocku} x}umen},coxem cumie}fni fn

3003' lonv mfx}sfh}x jote dkunm }jo}

lo}hjfni dunmfni }k }je xpehfh neemx

kd x}umen}x xuhj ox gky,fnhkle'

mfxocgem' ifd}em' tkho}fknog' ks cfgfniuog

psktfmex iseo}es ffiezfcfgf}v onm equf}v

o} }je xhjkkg geteg.

Fd equogf}v fx ocku} getegfni }je

pgovfni egm onm psktfmfni ogg x}umen}x}je xole kppks}unf}v' }jen yefij}fni

x}umen} dunmfni }k ohjfete }jfx ikog

hon ce hknxfmesem dofs' eten yjen f}

leonx }jo} xkle x}umen}x sehefte lkse

mkggosx }jon k}jesx. Equf}v oh}uoggv

sequfsexunequog pes pupfg xpenmfni.

]je mfddesenhe ce}yeen }je fneq,

uf}fex fn sexkushe mfx}sfcu}fkn }jo} hus,

sen}gv ezfx} yf}jfn lonv mfx}sfh}x onmfnequf}fex }jo} sexug} dskl flpgelen}fni

x}umen},coxem cumie}fni fx }jo} }je

go}}es ose msften cv x}umen} neemx onm

k}jes so}fknog doh}ksx' so}jes }jon cv

xflpge x}umen} enskgglen}' }somf}fkn'onm pkgf}fhx. Sexeoshjesx jote xjkyn

}jo} mfx}sfh}x }jo} lktem dskl }somf,

}fknog x}odd,coxem cumie}fni }k x}umen},

coxem cumie}fni lkmegx jom iseo}es

sexkushe equf}v olkni xhjkkgx yf}jfn

}je xole mfx}sfh}x *Xee' dks ezolpge'

Lfgex $ Skro 30041 Hjolcesx e}. og

300:&. Lonv mfxposo}e iskupx xuppks}

x}umen},coxem cumie}fni *Jkdd 3004&'fnhgumfni }je No}fknog Emuho}fkn

Oxxkhfo}fkn *Pe}ak 3005&' }je Hen}es

dks Olesfhon Pskisexx' onm }je ]jklox

C. Dksmjol Dkunmo}fkn *]jklox C.

Dksmjol Fnx}f}u}e 3004&.

JkyMkVkuYefij}X}umen}x

Equf}ocgv;

]je yefij}x uxem fn x}umen},coxem

cumie}fni ose hsf}fhog. Jky luhj lkse

mkex f} hkx} }k emuho}e }jo} Enigfxj

goniuoie geosnes' ks }jo} x}umen} yf}j

xpehfog neemx' ks }jo} ifd}em onm }ogen}em

x}umen}; Jky mk mfx}sfh}x me}eslfne

}je oppskpsfo}e coxe olkun};

Eten yf}j }je xole mkggos sexkushex'dks tosfkux seoxknx xhjkkgx lfij}

jote mfddesen} ohhexx }k }ogen}em'

jfij,pesdkslfni }eohjesx onm

psfnhfpogx. Xehknm' xhjkkgx yf}j jfijes

hknhen}so}fknx kd jfij,neemx x}umen}x

lov dohe mfddesen} hjoggeniex }jon

xhjkkgx yf}j kngv o dey xuhj x}umen}x.


14/51


]jexe ose nk} eoxv quex}fknx }k

onxyes' cu} nky }jo} lonv gosie uscon

mfx}sfh}x Ney Vksa Hf}v' Jkux}kn' Gkx

Oniegex' Cog}flkse' onm Pjfgomegpjfo'

}k nole o dey jote }sonxf}fknem }k

x}umen},coxem cumie}fni' }jese ose

xkle ezolpgex }jo} hon ce x}umfem.Emuho}fkn Sexkushe X}so}eifex sehen}gv

pucgfxjem }je dkunmo}fkn olkun}x onm

yefij}x uxem cv te mfx}sfh}x. Yefij}x

dks pktes}v' dks ezolpge' soniem dskl

on ommf}fknog 6 peshen} ktes }je coxe

olkun} }k 3= peshen} ktes }je coxe

olkun}. ]je sonie fn yefij}x dks

Enigfxj goniuoie geosnesx yox gosies'

dskl o gky kd ?0 peshen} ktes }jecoxe dunmx }k o jfij kd 50 peshen} ktes

coxe *Emuho}fkn Sexkushe X}so}eifex

30?0&. Ose }jexe yefij}x }kk gky' }kk

jfij' ks bux} sfij}; Ye mkn} jote xkgfm

mo}o }k onxyes }jo} quex}fkn.

Leonyjfge' mfx}sfh}x }jo} uxe

}somf}fknog cumie}fni le}jkmx mk

psktfme ommf}fknog dunmfni dks x}umen}x

yf}j pos}fhugos hjosoh}esfx}fhx. ]je

mfddesenhe fx }jo} }je yefij}x }jev

uxe ose flpgfhf}' so}jes }jon ezpgfhf}.

Yjen mfx}sfh}x flpgfhf} yefij}x

yese hoghugo}em dks mfddesen} iskupx

kd x}umen}x' sexeoshjesx dkunm soniex

}jo} yese ez}sele onm meem gkifh. Fn

}en mfx}sfh}x' tkho}fknog emuho}fkn yox

dunmem o} 0.?9 }k ?.9? }flex }je coxe'

yf}j o lemfon kd 0.=8 *Skro' Iufn $

Motfx 3009' p. ?9&. ]je sonie fn yefij}x

yox luhj jfijes olkni xhjkkgx yf}jfn

o mfx}sfh} }jon ce}yeen mfx}sfh}x2

]je sonie dks cfgfniuog emuho}fkn' dks

fnx}onhe' yox ce}yeen 0.=0 onm =.59

Q}flex }je coxe\. Flpgfhf} pktes}v

yefij}x fn xkle xhjkkgx yese lkse

}jon }en }flex }je flpgfhf} yefij}x

fn k}jes xhjkkgx. *Skro' Iufn $ Motfx

3009' p. 30&

F} fx mkuc}dug }jo} }jfx yfme soniefn flpgfhf} yefij}x oh}uoggv seffieh}x }je

psfksf}fex ks pgonx kd }je geomesxjfp kd

}jkxe xhjkkgx onm mfx}sfh}x. Cu} }su}j ce

}kgm' }jese fx nk hknten}fknog yfxmkl

ocku} }je sfij} xe} kd yefij}x }k uxe fn

x}umen},coxem cumie}fni ef}jes. Jky,

etes' }je omton}oie }k x}umen},coxem

cumie}fni fx }jo} f} loaex fntex}len}x

fn x}umen}x yf}j tosfkux hjosoh}esfx}fhxezpgfhf}' so}jes }jon flpgfhf}. Ye yfgg

kngv }sugv ceifn }k unmesx}onm yjo} f}

}oaex }k emuho}e x}umen}x yf}j tosvfni

neemx yjen ye }sv }k mk f} yf}j

dunmfni le}jkmx }jo} ose }sonxposen}

onm hgeos. Psktfmfni ezolpgex kd dunm,

fni xhjelex }jo} hon ce x}umfem' onm

eten}uoggv sego}em }k x}umen} ku}hklex'

fx onk}jes yov }jo} x}umen},coxemcumie}fni psklk}ex equf}v.

Yjen ye mfxhuxx sexkushe equf}v' ye

ose }ogafni ocku} jky ezfx}fni dunmx

ose mfx}sfcu}em olkni xhjkkgx onm

x}umen}x kd tosvfni hjosoh}esfx}fhx.

F} fx flpks}on} }k mk }jo} dofsgv. Cu}bux} ox flpks}on} fx oxxusfni }jo} }jese

ose omequo}e sexkushex }k emuho}e ogg

}jkxe x}umen}x.


15/51


.E

.Dogg30?0 ?8

Equf}v Fx Bux} Kneolkni Lonv SeoxknxMfx}sfh}x Jote Omkp}emX}umen},Coxem Cumie}fni

Fn uscon mfx}sfh}x }jo} jote omkp}emx}umen},coxem cumie}fni' equf}v yox

kngv pos} kd }je so}fknoge dks lktfni

oyov dskl }je hussen} dunmfni dkslu,

gox onm }kyosm lkse ffiezfcge x}umen},

coxem cumie}fni dkslugox. ]jkuij

og}esfni }je lehjonfhx kd dunmfni

dkslugox lov xkunm gfae o }ehjnfhogf}v

ce}}es jonmgem cv nonhe mepos}len}x'

mfx}sfh}x }jo} jote ezolfnem }je me}ofgx

kd }jefs dunmfni xvx}elx jote mfxhkt,

esem }jo} f} xestex ox o ho}ogvx} dks dos,

seohjfni sedkslx }jo} fnhseoxe xhjkkg

ohhkun}ocfgf}v dks x}umen} sexug}x ox yegg

ox xhjkkg onm mfx}sfh} nonhfog ffiezfcfgf}v.

]yk os}fhgex fn }jfx fxxue kdTkfhexfn

UsconEmuho}fkn kne cv Boxkn Yfggfx

onm Lo}} Jfgg onm }je k}jes cv Noklf

Hogtk onm Aosen Joygev Lfgex ck}j

}kuhj kn }jfx }kpfh.

X}umen},coxem cumie}fni onm

iseo}es ffiezfcfgf}v dks xhjkkgx neem nk}

ce hkupgem *og}jkuij uxuoggv }jev

ose&. F} fx pkxxfcge }k sex}suh}use oggkho,

}fknx uxfni yefij}em x}umen} dunmfni

cu} x}fgg jote mehfxfknx lome hen}soggv

ocku} jky }jkxe dunmx ie} uxem.

Cu} iseo}es ffiezfcfgf}v fn sexkushe

oggkho}fkn' yjen f} yksax ox f} xjkugm'

oggkyx mfx}sfh}x onm expehfoggv xhjkkgx

}k mehfme jky cex} }k flpskte }jefs

pos}fhugos x}umen}x ohomelfh sexug}x.

Ye anky dskl xkle mfx}sfh}x ezpesf,

enhe yf}j xhjkkg,coxem mehfxfkn loafni

}jo} lktfni }je gkhux kd hkn}skg fx nk

iuoson}ee }jo} }je hjkfhex }jelxegtex

yfgg ce ce}}es. Ikkm mehfxfknx sequfse

o hkse kd hopocge geomesx onm }eohjesxo} }je cufgmfni geteg. Metegkpfni }jkxe

hopocfgf}fex onm meogfni yf}j xhjkkgx

uneten xafgg fn }oafni omton}oie kd

neydkunm dseemklx fx ox flpks}on} ox

flpgelen}fni }je equf}ocge xvx}el

f}xegd. K}jesyfxe' cufgmfni lkse

ffiezfcfgf}v fn}k sexkushe oggkho}fkn yfgg

xflpgv sefndkshe ezfx}fni fnequf}fex

onm xe} xhjkkgx up dks dofguse.

Equf}v Fx Nk} OmequohvYjen ye mfxhuxx sexkushe equf}v' ye

ose }ogafni ocku} jky ezfx}fni dunmx

ose mfx}sfcu}em olkni xhjkkgx onm

x}umen}x kd tosvfni hjosoh}esfx}fhx.

F} fx flpks}on} }k mk }jo} dofsgv. Cu}

bux} ox flpks}on} fx oxxusfni }jo} }jese

ose omequo}e sexkushex }k emuho}e ogg

}jkxe x}umen}x.

Fn o meco}e ocku} }je ]jkloxC. Dksmjol Fnx}f}u}e *3004& sepks}

Dunm}jeHjfgm2]ohagfniFnequf}v$

On}fquf}vfnXhjkkgDfnonhe' Lfhjoeg

Secegg' }jen ezehu}fte mfseh}ks kd }je

Holpofin dks Dfxhog Equf}v' nk}em }jo}

xuhj dkslugox mk nk} ommsexx }je

olkun} kd dunmx hklfni fn}k o xhjkkg

mfx}sfh} *Hen}es dks Olesfhon Pskisexx

3004&. Fl ogg dks equf}ocge yovx kdmfx}sfcu}fni lknev knhe vkute ik} o

dofs olkun} kd lknev fn }je mfx}sfh}'

je xofm. ]jen ye hon }oga ocku} equf,

}ocge yovx kd mfx}sfcu}fni f}. Je nk}em

}jo} lkx} mfx}sfh}x fn }jfx hkun}sv ose

unmesdunmem' expehfoggv yjen yese

}ogafni ocku} }je neemx kd pkks onm

lfnksf}v afmx. Xk vkuse seoggv }ogafni

ocku} mftfmfni up }je xhsopx o} }je}ocge. Secegg ogxk sofxem quex}fknx ocku}

yje}jes x}umen},coxem cumie}fni yox

o xlkaexhseen fn}enmem psflosfgv

}k loae f} eoxfes }k uxe dunmfni }k

xuppks} hjos}esx onm tkuhjes xhjkkgx.

Onm yjfge yf}jfn,mfx}sfh}fnequf}fex

fn }je mfx}sfcu}fkn kd sexkushex lux}

ce ommsexxem' ye xjkugm nk} dksie}

ocku} x}fgg,gosie ce}yeen,mfx}sfh}dunmfnimfxposf}fex. X}o}e dunmfni sedkslx jote


16/51

?= OnnencesiFnx}f}u}edksXhjkkgSedksl

xhjkkg x}odni *pesjopx uxfni

pos},}fle x}odd' semenfni kshklcfnfni skgex' e}h.& ks loae

pgonx }k hgkxe }je xhjkkg.

]je pskcgel' jkyetes' fx

}jo} mfx}sfh}x ose kd}en unyfggfni

}k mk ef}jes' kd}en megovfni o

xhjkkg hgkxuse dks veosx' jkpfni

}jo} enskgglen} hklex coha.

Musfni }je fn}esfl' }je mfx}sfh}

dunnegx ez}so dunmx ku}xfme }je

XCC dkslugo }k }je xhjkkg }koggky }je xhjkkg }k hkn}fnue kn

yf}j o lfz kd x}odd f} hon} oddksm

kn XCC dunmx ogkne. ]jexe

ez}so dunmx leon }jese ose deyes

dunmx }k pu} fn}k }je XCC

dkslugo' geotfni xkle mfx}sfh}

geomesx yf}j }je flpsexxfkn }jo}

}je XCC dkslugo fxn} yksafni'

yjen }je seog hugpsf} lfij} ce

}je mfx}sfh}x unyfggfninexx }kommsexx }jefs unmes,enskggem

xhjkkgx. Dks XCC }k selofn

jeog}jv' pos}fhugosgv fn o mfx}sfh}

yjese hjkfhe msftex enskgglen}

po}}esnx' mfx}sfh} geomesx neem }k

pskoh}ftegv ommsexx xhjkkgx yf}j

mehgfnfni enskgglen}.

Sopfmgvmehgfnfnicumie}xonm

xjsfnafnixjosexkddunmxoggkho}em

}kxhjkkgx

aosenjoygevlfgex2

F mfmn} on}fhfpo}e jky hjoggeni,

fni f} ykugm ce }k lofn}ofn XCC

fn }je hkn}ez} kd tesv gky ks

sopfmgv mehgfnfni cumie}x expe,

hfoggv fn hf}fex yf}j xlogg xhjkkgx.

Yjen ktesogg dunmfni getegx ose

xk gky }jo} xhjkkgx xflpgv hon}

oddksm }jfnix }jo} jote }somf}fkn,oggv ceen pos} kd }jefs cumie}x'

gfae gfcsosfonx' os}' luxfh' onm

pjvxfhog emuho}fkn }eohjesx'

yf}jku} sofxfni jkleskkl

hgoxx xfrex ockte hkn}soh}em

lozflulx' }jfx hoggx }je yjkge

xvx}el fn}k quex}fkn. Fsknfhoggv'}je sexpknxe fn Xeo}}ge onm

Hfnhfnno}f yox }k hogg o jog} }k

XCC fn }je nole kd equf}v. ]je

fxxue yoxn} equf}v fn mkggosx' cu}

equf}v fn pskisol kddesfnix.

Gkni,}esl' F jkpe }jexe

mfx}sfh}x mkn} x}kp jese. ]je fmeo

kd XCC fx }jo} f} yfgg xusdohe }jexe

fxxuex onm xpus mfx}sfh}x onm

xhjkkgx }k }oae oh}fknx }jo} uxemkggosx megfceso}egv onm x}so}eif,

hoggv. Fn }jfx hoxe' }je sequfse,

len} }k dunm xlogg xhjkkgx o} o

jfijes geteg hkugm jote gem }k }je

mfx}sfh} mehfmfni }k sehkniuse ks

hgkxe xkle xlogg xhjkkgx }k }oae

omton}oie kd xhoge ks }k ezpgkse

mfddesen} yovx kd hklcfnfni

sexkushex }k ohhklpgfxj }je

xole ikogx pesjopx cv hkn,}soh}fni ku} dks os}' luxfh' onm

pjvxfhog emuho}fkn ks cv hjoni,

fni oxxulp}fknx fn k}jes oseox.

losiuesf}eskro2

Kne kd }je cfi hknhesnx Fte jom

fn yo}hjfni mfx}sfh}x flpgelen}

XCC fx }je pks}fkn kd }je }k}og

cumie} pu} fn }je dkslugo.

Mfx}sfh}x }enm }k pu} o cf} lkse

}jon jogd kd }jefs dunmx fn }jedkslugo' leonfni }jo} }jev ose

oggkho}fni xkle 50 }k 40 peshen}

kd }jefs }k}og kpeso}fni cumie}

mfseh}gv ku} }k xhjkkgx. O pskc,

gel osfxex yjen o mfx}sfh}x geom,

esx hjkkxe }k jkgm lkse dunmx

coha onm oggkho}e gexx ku} }k

xhjkkgx. Xhjkkg geomesx sfij}duggv

osiue }jo} }jev hon} xustfte kn

}jefs xjose kd }je dunmx' onmxkle cgole }je XCC' nk} }je

xjose oggkho}em. Fn o dey mfx}sfh}x'

}jfx pskcgel jox xestem }k soggv

xhjkkg geomesx oiofnx} XCC.

Oxlksemfx}sfh}xjoteflpge,

len}emx}umen},coxemcumie}fni'joxf}gftemup}k}je}oxadkshex

ezpeh}o}fknxdksf}xpk}en}fog}k

fnhseoxeequf}v;Yjo}aevfxxuexks

hknhesnxmfmn)}vkuon}fhfpo}eo

mehomeoik;

Dos,cegky,isome,getegx}umen}x

aosenjoygevlfgex2

O cfi fxxue F jomn} duggv unmes,

x}kkm yox }jo} }je x}onmosmho}eiksfex uxem dks yefij}fni

mkggosx pktes}v' xpehfog emuho,

}fkn ks EGG x}o}ux' ifd}em' onm

isome geteg lfxx on flpks}on}

ho}eiksv kd neem2 x}umen}x yjk

dogg xfinfhon}gv cejfnm isome

geteg cv }je }fle }jev ie} }k lfm,

mge onm jfij xhjkkgx. O x}umen}

gftfni fn pktes}v yjk fx kn ks

neos isome geteg sequfsex deyessexkushex }k lee} x}onmosmx }jon

kne yjk fx }jsee isome getegx

cejfnm. Yf}jku} o yefij}fni }jo}

xklejky hop}usex }jfx' }je kngv

yov }jo} o xhjkkg hon ie} lkse

sexkushex }k ohhegeso}e geosnfni fx

}k hgoxxfdv o x}umen} ox sequfsfni

xpehfog emuho}fkn xestfhex

yjfhj' kd hkusxe' jox f}x kyn

neio}fte hknxequenhex.

Mehgfnfnienskgglen}

losiuesf}eskro2

]je jonmgfni kd xhjkkgx yf}j

mehgfnfni enskgglen} jox ceen o

lobks pskcgel. Yjen on ege,

len}osv xhjkkgx enskgglen}

mskpx unmes 350 x}umen}x *ks xov'

=00 dks jfij xhjkkgx&' }je }k}og

sexkushex mskp enkuij }jo} }jeseosen} enkuij dunmx dks o }vpfhog

lfz kd x}odd. O} }jfx pkfn}' o mfx}sfh}

xjkugm lkte dksyosm yf}j kne kd

}yk kp}fknx2 ef}jes semexfin }je

PESXPEH]FTEX2Joxx}umen},coxemcumie}fnigftemup}k}je

ezpeh}o}fknxkdomehomeoik;


17/51


.E

.Dogg30?0 ?5

nk} duggv ommsexxem }jexe fnequf}fex onm

lux} ommsexx }je omequohv quex}fkn

sofxem cv Secegg ockte. Ox ye hknhgumem

yjen ye sx} ommsexxem }jfx }kpfh fn

3003' equf}ocge ohhexx }k sexkushex

fx kne fnisemfen} dks psklk}fni jfij

x}umen} ohjfetelen} onm equf}v yf}jfn

uscon mfx}sfh}x' cu} f} fx nk} o ponoheo.

Kd hkusxe' }je equf}v' ou}knklv'

onm }sonxposenhv }jo} x}umen},coxem

cumie}fni hon psktfme mk nk} ou}klo}f,

hoggv loae xhjkkgx onm mfx}sfh}x ce}}es.

]je ug}flo}e xuhhexx ks dofguse kd uscon

mfx}sfh}x fx x}fgg fnez}sfhocgv hknneh}em

}k }jefs ocfgf}v }k cufgm onm lkcfgfre

}je hopohf}v kd }eohjesx' psfnhfpogx' onm

k}jes aev omug}x }k xuppks} x}umen}x

geosnfni onm metegkplen}.

Jkyetes' yf}j }je nehexxosv

xuppks}x' x}umen},coxem cumie}fni hon

ce kne cufgmfni cgkha kd o pkyesdug

xvx}elfh sedksl fnf}fo}fte cv equf}ocgv

mfx}sfcu}fni sexkushex xk }jo} ogg

hjfgmsen fn }je en}fse mfx}sfh} jote o

dofs hjonhe }k lee} }je hjoggenifni

x}onmosmx }jev mexeste }k ce jegm }k.

Sedesenhex

Cesne' S.' S. Sucenx}efn' onm G. X}fedeg. ?66:.

Fn}so,mfx}sfh} Equf}v fn Dkus Gosie Hf}fex2 Mo}o'

Le}jkmx' onm Sexug}x' BkusnogkdEmuho}fkn

Dfnonhe' nk. 382==9=49.

Hen}es dks Olesfhon Pskisexx. 3004.Dunm }je

Hjfgm2 O Meco}e kn Yefij}em X}umen} Dkslugo

Yfgg F} Yksa onm Hon Ye Mk F}; Poneg o} }je

Hen}es dks Olesfhon Pskisexx fn Yoxjfni}kn' MH.

Mkyngkomocge PMD2 7yyy.olesfhonpskisexx.ksi

+eten}x+3004+6+dunm[}je[hjfgm[}sonxhsfp}.pmd>

Hjolcesx' B.' G. Xjolcouij' B. Getfn' L. Lusoaf'

onm G. Pkgonm. 300:. O]ogekd]ykMfx}sfh}x2O

Hklposo}fteX}umvkdX}umen},CoxemDunmfnionm

Xhjkkg,CoxemMehfxfknLoafnifnXonDsonhfxhkonm

KoagonmUnfemXhjkkgMfx}sfh}x. Yoxjfni}kn' MH2

Olesfhon Fnx}f}u}ex dks Sexeoshj. Mkyngkomocge

PMD2 7yyy.ofs.ksi+gex+O[]oge[kd[]yk[Mfx}sfh}x

[Dfnog.pmd>

Emuho}fkn Sexkushe X}so}eifex. 30?0. DofsX}umen}

DunmfniXullf}2HkndesenhePskheemfnixonm

Sehkllenmo}fknxdksOh}fkn. Yo}es}kyn' LO2

Emuho}fkn Sexkushe X}so}eifex.

Equf}ocge ohhexx }k sexkushex fx kne

fnisemfen} dks psklk}fni jfij x}umen}

ohjfetelen} onm equf}v yf}jfn uscon

mfx}sfh}x' cu} f} fx nk} o ponoheo.

Emuho}fkn ]sux}Yex}. 3005. HogfdksnfoxJfmmen

]eohjesXpenmfniIop2JkyX}o}eonmMfx}sfh}

Cumie}fniPsoh}fhexXjks}hjoniePkksonmLfnksf}v

X}umen}xonm]jefsXhjkkgx. Koagonm' HO2 Emuho}fkn

]sux}Yex}.

Jkdd' M. B. 3004. Hogg dks Yefij}em X}umen}

Dunmfni Ie}x Cfpos}fxon X}olp kd Oppsktog'

Emuho}fknYeea*Bugv ?3&.

Lfgex' A. J.' onm L. Skro. 3004. Unmesx}onmfni

X}umen},Yefij}em Oggkho}fkn ox o Leonx }k

Iseo}es Xhjkkg Sexkushe Equf}v' PeockmvBkusnog

kdEmuho}fkn :?' nk. 828643.

Lfgges' S. 30?0. Hklposocge'Xhjlklposocge2

EtfmenhekdFnequf}vfn}jeOggkho}fknkdDunmxdks

]eohjesXogosvYf}jfnHogfdksnfoxPucgfhXhjkkg

Mfx}sfh}x. Yoxjfni}kn' MH2 Hen}es dks Olesfhon

Pskisexx.

Pe}ak' L. 3005. Yefij}emX}umen}Dkslugo*YXD&2

Yjo}FxF}onmJkyMkexF}Flpoh}GosieUscon

Mfx}sfh}x;Yoxjfni}kn' MH2 No}fknog Emuho}fkn

Dkunmo}fkn.

Pkmex}o' B.' onm H. Cskyn. 300:. EnxusfniEquog

Kppks}unf}vfnPucgfhEmuho}fkn2JkyGkhogXhjkkg

Mfx}sfh}DunmfniPsoh}fhexJus}Mfxomton}oiem

X}umen}xonmYjo}DemesogPkgfhvHonMkOcku}F}.

Yoxjfni}kn' MH2 Hen}es dks Olesfhon Pskisexx.

Skxe' J.' B. Xknx}egfe' onm S. Sefnjosm. 3004.

XhjkkgSexkushexonmOhomelfhX}onmosmxfn

Hogfdksnfo2Gexxknxdskl}jeXhjkkgjkuxe. Xon

Dsonhfxhk' HO2 Pucgfh Pkgfhv Fnx}f}u}e kd Hogfdksnfo.


18/51


Skro' L. 300:. Oggkho}fknOno}klv2JkyMfx}sfh}

Pkgfhfex}jo}MepgkvSexkushexHonXuppks}*ks

Unmeslfne&Mfx}sfh}SedkslX}so}eifex. Xeo}}ge'

YO2 Hen}es dks Sefnten}fni Pucgfh Emuho}fkn'

Unftesxf}v kd Yoxjfni}kn.

Skro' L.' A. Iufn' onm ]. Motfx. 3009. Yjo}fx}je

Xulkd}jePos}x;JkyDemesog'X}o}e'onmMfx}sfh}DunmfniX}seolxHkndkunmEddks}x}kOmmsexx

Mfddesen}X}umen}]vpex. Yksafni Popes 6. Xeo}}ge'

YO2 Hen}es kn Sefnten}fni Pucgfh Emuho}fkn'

Unftesxf}v kd Yoxjfni}kn.

Skro' L.' A. Iufn' C. Iskxx' onm X. Mecusiklox}es.

3009. Mk Mfx}sfh}x Dunm Xhjkkgx Dofsgv; Fn

]ezox' Mfddesenhex Ose Gosies yf}jfn Mfx}sfh}x

}jon Ce}yeen' Emuho}fknNez}*Dogg&.

Skro' L.' onm P. Jfgg. 300=. Jky Yf}jfn Mfx}sfh}

Xpenmfni Fnequf}fex Jegp Xkle Xhjkkgx }k Dofg'

pp. 30?30:. FnCskkafnixPopesxknEmuho}fkn

Pkgfhv2300=' emf}em cv M. Sotf}hj. Yoxjfni}kn'MH2 Cskkafnix Fnx}f}u}e Psexx.

]jklox C. Dksmjol Fnx}f}u}e. 3004. Dunm}je

Hjfgm2]ohagfniFnequf}vonmOn}fquf}vfnXhjkkg

Dfnonhe. Yoxjfni}kn' MH2 ]jklox C. Dksmjol

Fnx}f}u}e. Mkyngkomocge PMD2 7yyy.emezheggenhe.

ne}+mkh+Dunm}jeHjfgm043904.pmd>


19/51

T.U

.E

.Dogg30?0 ?9

Fn 3009' Koagonm Unfem XhjkkgMfx}sfh} yox fn }je lfmmge kd }sonxdksl,fni f}xegd }k ce}}es lee} }je neemx kd f}x

x}umen}x' onm ck}j kd ux Q}je ou}jksx\

yese fn }je jeos} kd f} ogg. Ye eohj

hole }k Koagonm dskl ksionfro}fknx

}jo} yese ku}xfme kd uscon emuho}fkn.

Kne kd ux QLo}}\ jom o cohaiskunm fn

pskhexx flpsktelen}' losae}fni' onmx}so}eiv' onm }je k}jes QBoxkn\ jom o

cohaiskunm fn sexeoshj onm pskmuh}

lonoielen}. Ye yese ck}j }sofnem }k

nm ku} yjo} }je hux}kles neemx onm

}k megftes }jo} xkgu}fkn }k jfl ks jes1

}je nulces kne suge fx }je hux}kles fx

ogyovx sfij}. Undks}uno}egv' fn emuho,

}fkn' ye kd}en gkxe xfij} kd yjk }je

hux}kles fx. Ye ie} ckiiem mkyn fn}je hklpgezf}v kd }je xvx}el' onm ye

deeg }jo} ye lux} lee} }je neemx kd

etesvkne egxe cedkse ye lee} }je neemx

kd }je x}umen}x onm }je xhjkkgx.

Ohskxx mehomex kd uscon xhjkkg

sedksl' lonv sexeoshjesx onm kcxest,

esx jote nk}em }jo} mexpf}e }je xjees

nulces kd sedksl oienmox fn}skmuhem

onm flpgelen}em fn}k xhjkkg xvx}elx'

}jese jox ceen gf}}ge }k nk ocfgf}v dks }je

sedkslx }k }oae jkgm onm hseo}e leon,

fnidug iofnx fn x}umen} ohjfetelen}

*Csva e} og. ?6681 Jexx ?6691 Gee $

Xlf}j ?66=&. ]je }vpfhog ksionfro}fkn kd

on uscon xhjkkg mfx}sfh}' yjfhj fnhgumex

}kp,mkyn lonoielen}' hklpgfonhe,

dkhuxem mepos}len}x' onm kne,xfre,

}x,ogg hjonie eddks}x' ose }je cohamskp

dks luhj kd }je hjonie eddks}x fnf}fo}em

fn uscon xhjkkg mfx}sfh}x fn }je pox}

}jo} jote ceen unocge }k pskmuhe

xux}ofnocge sexug}x.

Fn hkn}sox}' o yefij}em x}umen}dunmfni *YXD& xvx}el jegpx mfx}sfh}x

aeep xfij} kd }je hux}kles. F} xuiiex}x

}jo} metkgtfni sexkushex' onm }jesecv'

ou}jksf}v' }k xhjkkg hkllun}fex

elpkyesx ce}}es mehfxfknx onm

sexkushe hkniuso}fknx dks x}umen}x.

]je oggkho}fkn kd sexkushex }jesedkse

cehklex pk}en}foggv lkse xux}ofnocge

onm dkhuxem ktes }fle. ]jfx xjfd} fn

sexkushe oggkho}fkn mehfxfknx fn}skmuhex

o ney mvnolfh ce}yeen }je hen}sog

kdhe onm xhjkkgx onm ug}flo}egv govx

}je iskunmyksa dks hjoniex egxeyjese

fn }je ksionfro}fkn *Hjolcesx e} og.

300:&. Yjese o pos}fhugos mepos}len}

lov jote ceen xo}fxem yf}j enxusfni

}jo} xhjkkgx ose hklpgvfni yf}j x}o}e

ks demesog iufmegfnex' }jfx fx nk gknies

xudhfen}' ox }je melonm dskl xhjkkgx

lov hogg dks ommf}fknog hgosf}v oskunm

pgonnfni dks }je uxe kd sexkushex.

BoxknYfggfxfx

hjfednonhfogkdhes

kd}jeX}kha}kn

QHogfdksnfo\Unfem

XhjkkgMfx}sfh}.Lo}}

Jfggfxomlfnfx}so}fte

kdhesfn}jeKdhe

kd}jeXupesfn}enmen}'

GkxOniegexUnfem

XhjkkgMfx}sfh}.

Cumie}fni}kXuppks}X}umen}Ohjfetelen}2NeyX}so}eifexdksHen}sogKdhe

Boxkn Yfggfx onm Lo}} Jfgg

Koagonmxezpesfenhexjkyx}jo}yefij}emx}umen}dunmfnihonjegphen}sogkdhexxjfd}

}jefsdkhuxdsklhklpgfonhe}kiftfnipsfnhfpogx}jeleonx}klee}}jefsx}umen}xneemx.


20/51

?: OnnencesiFnx}f}u}edksXhjkkgSedksl

Ney X}so}eifex dks Hen}sogKdhex Xuppks}em cv Yefij}emX}umen} Dunmfni

]je hussen} ehknklfh onm xhog

hgflo}e fn emuho}fkn psktfmex onkppks}unf}v onm fnhen}fte dks xhjkkg

hkllunf}fex }k hknxfmes jky o YXD

xvx}el lov jegp sexpknm }k fnhseoxem

psexxuse }k uxe mkggosx lkse yfxegv

fn ksmes }k xuppks} fnhseoxem x}umen}

ohjfetelen}. Dks ezolpge' lonv

hkllunf}fex jote hoggem dks iseo}es

}sonxposenhv ocku} yjese xhjkkg

mfx}sfh}x ose fntex}fni }jefs sexkushex.

Ommf}fknoggv' }jfx ney hgflo}e pgohex

lkse psexxuse kn hen}sog kdhex' so}jes

}jon xhjkkg xf}ex' }k }oae semuh}fknx. ]je

ex}ocgfxjlen} kd o YXD xvx}el fn o

xhjkkg mfx}sfh} jegpx }k ommsexx lonv kd

}jexe hjoggeniex onm ez}esnog psexxusex.

Ug}flo}egv' }jfx sexug}x fn xfinfhon}

hjoniex }k }je dunh}fkn' dkhux' onm

hug}use kd hen}sog kdhe mepos}len}x.

YXDXjfd}xDkhuxdsklHklpgfonhe

}kEmuho}fniX}umen}x

]je hussen} x}suh}use kd xhjkkg mfx}sfh}x

fn }je Unf}em X}o}ex jox psflosfgv

dkhuxem kn o }kp,mkyn' hklpgfonhe,

ksfen}em oppskohj }k emuho}fni x}u,

men}x. Dus}jes ezohesco}fni }jfx pkgfhv

getes fx }je gky geteg kd ohjfetelen}

dks lonv kd kus x}umen}x }jo} houxex

lonv kd kus pkgfhv loaesx o} }je

demesog' x}o}e' onm mfx}sfh} getegx }k

flpkxe ommf}fknog sugex onm sex}sfh}fknx

kn jky xhjkkgx uxe dunmx.

Dks ezolpge' yjen ck}j kd ux

flpgelen}em sexug}x,coxem cumie}fni

*SCC&' o dksl kd YXD' fn Koagonm' ye

jom lkse }jon kne junmsem mfddesen}

}vpex kd dunmfni xkushex' eohj yf}j f}x

kyn xvx}el kd seiugo}fkn. ]k ce}}es

unmesx}onm }je hklpgezf}v }jfx csfnix

}k o xhjkkg mfx}sfh}' floifne seheftfni

vkus povhjeha fn }je dksl kd kne

junmsem mfddesen} ifd} hosmx. Fn ommf,

}fkn }k seheftfni kne junmsem mfddes,

en} hosmx' vku ose sex}sfh}em kn yjese

onm jky vku hon uxe }jel. Dfnoggv'

vku lux} ogxk ysf}e o pgon cedkse vku

pushjoxe onv}jfni' jote o hkllf}}ee

xfin kdd kn }je pgon' }soha ezpenmf}usex

ohskxx }je mfddesen} dunmfni ho}eiksfex'

onm }jen jote xklekne oumf} }jkxe

ezpenmf}usex.

Nk} kngv fx }jfx dsux}so}fni' f}ogxk }oaex }fle' enesiv' onm sexkushex

oyov dskl yjo} lo}}esx lkx}2 quogf}v

fnx}suh}fkn fn }je hgoxxskkl. Xhjkkg

mfx}sfh} hen}sog kdhex jote dkhuxem kn

}je hklpgfonhe melonmx gofm upkn

}jel1 }jesedkse' gexx lknev ikex }k

mfseh}gv xuppks} x}umen}x. ]kk luhj

enesiv fx xpen} kn lknf}ksfni }je

fnpu}x fnx}eom kd }je ku}hklex. Dksezolpge' Gkx Oniegex sehen}gv seheftem

o -4 lfggfkn demesog ison} onm xpen}

}yk jkusx bux}fdvfni o -?0'000 cumie}

gfne f}el }k o demesog hklpgfonhe

kdhes. Fn }je enm' }je hkntesxo}fkn jom

Fn Koagonm' ye jom lkse }jon kne

junmsem mfddesen} }vpex kd dunmfni

xkushex' eohj yf}j f}x kyn xvx}el

kd seiugo}fkn. . . . Floifne seheftfni

vkus povhjeha fn }je dksl kd kne

junmsem mfddesen} ifd} hosmx. Fn

ommf}fkn }k seheftfni kne junmsem

mfddesen} hosmx' vku ose sex}sfh}em kn

yjese onm jky vku hon uxe }jel.


21/51

BoxknYfggfxonmLo}}Jfgg wT.U

.E

.Dogg30?0 ?6

nk}jfni }k mk yf}j x}umen} geosnfni

onm mfm nk} hjonie }je pskpkxem

ku}hklex kd }je ison} pskpkxog.

Kne kd }je psflosv hjoniex }jo}

o YXD xvx}el enocgex fx o xjfd} dskl

hklpgfonhe ksfen}o}fkn' xfnhe f} oggk,

ho}ex sexkushex coxem kn x}umen} neemx

onm dkhuxex kn x}umen} ku}hklex

fnx}eom kd fnpu}x. Xhjkkg mfx}sfh}x ose

ocge }k lkte }k o lkse x}so}eifh onm

fnnkto}fte hug}use. ]jfx mkex nk} leon

}je mfx}sfh}x yfgg oconmkn }je sequfse,

len}x kd hklpgvfni yf}j x}o}e onm

demesog seiugo}fknx' cu} f} mkex leon

}jev yfgg pgohe o psfksf}v kn memfho}fni

sexkushex onm pekpgex }fle }k x}so},

eiv' fnnkto}fkn' onm sefnten}fkn. ]jfx

dunmolen}og xjfd} oggkyx dks xhjkkgx

}k xpenm lkse }fle kn metegkpfni

}jefs tfxfkn onm lfxxfkn' ex}ocgfxjfni

gkni,}esl ikogx' onm ogfinfni sexkushex

julon ks k}jesyfxe }k dkggky }je

neemx kd }jefs x}umen}x.

Fn Koagonm' }je hen}sog kdhe

psktfmem ommf}fknog xuppks} }k xhjkkgx

xk }jo} kus xhjkkgx hkugm ex}ocgfxj o

}jsee,veos x}so}eifh pgonnfni hvhge. Ye

}sonxdkslem }je ezfx}fni hklpgfonhe

mkhulen} }je Xfnige Pgon dks X}umen}

Ohjfetelen} *XPXO& fn}k o }jsee,veos

x}so}eifh pgonnfni }kkg. Fn ommf}fkn'

ye setolpem }je cumie} hogenmos }k

psktfme xhjkkgx yf}j lkse }fle dkspgonnfni' flpgelen}em }ehjnkgkiv }k

ifte xhjkkgx ce}}es ohhexx }k mo}o' onm

kddesem }sofnfni }k jegp xhjkkg hkl,

lunf}fex gkka o} }jefs mo}o onm fmen}fdv

x}so}eifex }k lee} }je unfque neemx kd

}jefs x}umen}x.

YXDHseo}exOppskpsfo}ePsfnhfpog

Metegkplen}onmXuppks}Xvx}elx

Onk}jes omton}oie }jo} }je YXD

xvx}el oddksmx hen}sog kdhe fx }je

o}}en}fkn iften }k oppskpsfo}e psfnhfpog

metegkplen} onm xuppks} xvx}elx.

Jfx}ksfhoggv' xhjkkg mfx}sfh}x jote

xuppks}em psfnhfpogx }jskuij x}o}e,

lonmo}em }sofnfnix ks k}jes pseposo}fkn

pskisolx }jo} psktfme }je nehexxosv

hkn}en} cu} lov nk} ce }ofgksem }kyosm

}je xpehfh isky}j neemx kd }je psfn,hfpog. Ox ou}jksf}fex' sexpknxfcfgf}v' onm

ou}knklfex ose ogg metkgtem }k }je

psfnhfpog geteg' o pge}jkso kd ney xup,

pks} xvx}elx ose sequfsem }k ck}j cufgm

onm lofn}ofn o hkse kd psfnhfpogx yjk

hon eddeh}ftegv geom }jefs xhjkkgx }k

flpskte x}umen} ku}hklex.

Dks ezolpge' }je Koagonm hen}sog

kdhe semfseh}em xucx}on}fog sexkushexmusfni onm od}es }je ex}ocgfxjlen} kd

}je YXD xvx}el }k cufgm on eddeh}fte

pfpegfne dks }je sehsuf}len}' metegkp,

len}' onm se}en}fkn kd psfnhfpogx yjk

hkugm csfni }je tfxfkn onm enesiv

nehexxosv }k seogfin sexkushex onm

xhjkkg hug}use }k xucx}on}foggv flpskte

x}umen} ku}hklex. Dus}jes' ye geosnem

}jo} mo}o ck}j quon}f}o}fte onm quogf,}o}fte }jo} jom ceen x}onmosmfrem

ohskxx }je xhjkkg mfx}sfh} hkugm xeste ox


22/51


lonnes. ]jfx csfnix ocku} on fnhseoxem

geteg kd }sonxposenhv dks }je ksionfro,

}fkn. Fn ommf}fkn' f} dkshex }je xhjkkg

mfx}sfh} }k xflpgfdv }je ezpgono}fkn

ocku} jky sexkushex ose ezpenmem. Fn

Koagonm' }je cumie} mepos}len} yox

hkn}fnuoggv flpsktfni f}x }ehjnfquex

}k hkllunfho}e yf}j fn}esnog onm

ez}esnog x}oaejkgmesx ocku} }je oggkho,

}fkn kd sexkushex. F} cehole kne kd

}je mepos}len}x oseox }jo} yese

setfeyem pesfkmfhoggv }k fmen}fdv jky }k

dus}jes flpskte.

]je fnf}fog hgosf}v }k x}oaejkgmesx

kd jky mkggosx ose oggkho}em hon }jen

ce cufg} upkn }k flpskte onm omtonhe

xvx}elx yf}jfn }je ksionfro}fkn. Dks

ezolpge' Koagonm yksaem }k metegkp

x}seolgfnem' eoxv,}k,uxe cumie} sepks}x

dks xhjkkgx. O psfnhfpog ykugm }jen

jote o hknxfx}en} onm seomocge cum,

ie} sepks} }k loae mehfxfknx dskl.

Onk}jes ezolpge fx }je fmen}fho}fkn

kd mfx}sfh}yfme fnmfho}ksx }jo} losa

}je xfinfhon} onm xvlckgfh leoxusex

}jo} elpjoxfre }je psfksf}v kd xhjkkgx.

Fn Koagonm' eohj veos ye fmen}fem

}je peshen}oie kd unsex}sfh}em Ienesog

Dunm sexkushex }jo} yese oggkho}em

}k xhjkkgx. ]je seoxknx }jfx yox on

flpks}on} fnmfho}ks fx }jo} f} xjkyem

}jo} }je psfksf}v yox }k puxj ommf}fknog

sexkushex }k xhjkkgx onm }jo} }jehen}sog kdhe jom }k hkn}fnuoggv yksa

}k hseo}e ney edhfenhfex onm ce}}es

xestfhex dks xhjkkgx.

YXDMetkgtexMehfxfknLoafni

}kXhjkkgxonmDkx}esxoXuppks}

onmXestfheKsfen}o}fkn

Ox gosie uscon mfx}sfh}x flpgelen} o

YXD xvx}el' }jev ose ce}}es ocge }k

sehkinfre }jo} o }kp,mkyn lonoielen}

oppskohj mkex nk} lee} }je fnmftfmuog

neemx kd xhjkkgx' ge} ogkne x}umen}x.

o toguocge }kkg }k psktfme mfx}sfh},geteg

fn}esten}fkn onm xuppks} }k xhjkkgx. Ox

Koagonm flpgelen}em o lehjonfxl }k

hgoxxfdv }je isky}j onm pesdkslonhe kdxhjkkgx' }jkxe }jo} yese goiifni cejfnm

ykugm ce }osie}em }k sehefte ommf}fknog

o}}en}fkn onm sexkushex dskl hen}sog

kdhe mepos}len}x. ]jfx ykugm psflos,

fgv xuppks} }je neemx kd }je psfnhfpog

onm geomesxjfp }eol.

YXDSomfhoggvFnhseoxex

]sonxposenhvocku}SexkusheUxe

Xhjkkg mfx}sfh}x jote }enmem }k ezeshfxe

gf}}ge fnnkto}fkn fn }je sepks}fni onm

}sonxposenhv kd nonhfog fndkslo}fkn

}k }je pucgfh onm k}jes ez}esnog x}oae,

jkgmesx. Flpgelen}o}fkn kd o YXD xvx,

}el }usnx }jfx hkllkn' pox} psoh}fhe

upxfme mkyn.

O no}usog cv,pskmuh} kd metkgt,

fni sexkushex }k }je xhjkkg geteg sofxex

quex}fknx dskl x}oaejkgmesx ocku} }je

olkun}' mfx}sfcu}fkn' onm mfseh}fkn kd

sexkushex }jskuijku} }je ksionfro}fkn.

Fn sexpknxe }k }jexe quex}fknx' }je

xhjkkg mfx}sfh} hon psexen} }jfx fndks,

lo}fkn fn o hgeos' hknhfxe' onm xflpge


23/51


.E

.Dogg30?0 3?

hkggockso}fkn so}jes }jon mfseh}ftex

ug}flo}egv hjoniex }je no}use kd }je

sego}fknxjfp ce}yeen o xhjkkg omlfn,

fx}so}ks onm hen}sog kdhe x}odd. Dks

ezolpge' fn Koagonm hossvktes dunmfni

dskl }je psfks veos yox }vpfhoggv nk}

mfx}sfcu}em }k xhjkkgx un}fg jogdyov

}jskuij }je xhog veos. Yjen sexug}x,

coxem cumie}fni yox flpgelen}em'

xhjkkgx metegkpem me}ofgem pgonx }jo}

on}fhfpo}em }jkxe hossvktes dunmx onm

psktfmem sexkushex ox xkkn ox pkxxfcge.

Melonm dskl psfnhfpogx }k uxe }je

ommf}fknog sexkushex }k }je cene} kd

}jefs x}umen}x yox xk iseo} }jo} }je

nonhe }eol yox dkshem }k oggkho}e }je

dunmfni }k }je xhjkkgx dkus lkn}jx

eosgfes }jon psfks veosx. Elpjoxfx kn

x}umen} geosnfni cehole }je nulces

kne psfksf}v' so}jes }jon meomgfnex xe}

cv }je nonhe kdhe.

]jfx xjfd} }k o xestfhe onm xuppks}

skge yfgg nk} hkle no}usoggv dks ogg hen,

}sog kdhe elpgkveex. Mfx}sfh}x neem }k

ce hosedug ocku} nk} ktesgkkafni }je

pskdexxfknog metegkplen} neemx kd }je

hen}sog kdhe. F} fx eoxv }k fmen}fdv }sofn,

fni kppks}unf}fex dks psfnhfpogx' cu} f} fx

]je seogf}v fx' dks lonv gosie uscon

xhjkkg mfx}sfh}x' }je flpgelen}o}fkn

kd }jfx lonoielen} x}suh}use fx flpkx,

xfcge. Dks kne' }je gkifx}fhog hjoggenie

ogkne kd hkllunfho}fni' flpgelen}fni'

onm }jen jkgmfni elpgkveex ohhkun},

ocge }k kne mfseh}fkn fx }selenmkux.

Xehknm' }je mftesxf}v kd x}umen}

pkpugo}fknx ce}yeen xhjkkgx fx tox}

onm hseo}ex lobks kcx}ohgex }k flpge,

len}fni o kne,xfre,}x,ogg x}so}eiv dks

xhjkkgx. Yjen YXD mfx}sfh}x ceifn }k

onogvre xpenmfni kn o pes x}umen} coxfx

onm hklpose f} }k x}umen} ku}hklex'

}jev hgeosgv xee }je fnequf}fex }jo} jote

ceen hseo}em ktes }fle.

]jfsm' o YXD xvx}el jfijgfij}x

}je selnon}x kd pskisolx dskl pox}

omlfnfx}so}fknx. Lonv xupesfn}enmen}x

flpgelen} o ney sedksl ks pskisol

yjen }jev en}es }je mfx}sfh}' onm }vpfhoggv

cf}x onm pfehex kd }jo} pskisol gfte

kn fn pespe}uf}v xfnhe lonv mfx}sfh}x mk

nk} setfey }je eddeh}ftenexx kd pskisolx

kn on onnuog coxfx. ]jfx fx expehfoggv

pskcgelo}fh fn uscon mfx}sfh}x yjese

}je otesoie }enuse kd xupesfn}enmen}x

fx kngv }jsee onm o jogd veosx1 fn

lelces mfx}sfh}x kd }je Hkunhfg kd

Iseo} Hf}v Xhjkkgx' o dugg }jfsm kd

}je xupesfn}enmen}x jote ceen fn kdhe

dks gexx }jon o veos *HIHX 300:+3006&.

Od}es lonv veosx o xhjkkg sedksliulck fx hseo}em' lome dskl }jexe

pox} pskisolx' }jo} fx nk} x}so}eifhoggv

ogfinem onm puggx lknev oyov dskl

hgoxxskklx.

Ox xhjkkg hkllunf}fex sehefte

lkse sexkushex onm cehkle xottv

ocku} jky }k uxe }jel' }je hen}sog

kdhe lux} xjfd} }kyosm o xestfhe,

ksfen}em hug}use. Xhjkkg hkllunf}fexnk gknies yon} }k ce }kgm yjo} }k mk1

fnx}eom }jev yon} xuppks} onm xestfhex

}jo} yfgg jegp }jel flpgelen} }jefs

tfxfkn' mfseh}fkn' onm psfksf}fex fn o

hknxfx}en} lonnes. ]je elpjoxfx kn

Xhjkkg hkllunf}fex nk gknies

yon} }k ce }kgm yjo} }k mk1 fnx}eom

}jev yon} xuppks} onm xestfhex

}jo} yfgg jegp }jel flpgelen} }jefs

tfxfkn' mfseh}fkn' onm psfksf}fex fn o

hknxfx}en} lonnes.


24/51


bux} ox flpks}on} }k jegp hen}sog kdhe

elpgkveex cehkle xestfhe psktfmesx.

Fn Koagonm' }je hjfed kpeso}fni kdhes

yox senolem }je hjfed xestfhe kdhes

}k jfijgfij} }je hug}use xjfd}. ]je hjfed

xestfhe kdhe cskuij} fn hux}kles

xestfhe }sofnfni dks ogg hen}sog kdhe

elpgkveex. ]jfx }sofnfni yox hoggem

Ohjfetfni Xestfhe Ezheggenhe' onm f} yox

tesv uxedug fn jegpfni elpgkveex

cehkle xestfhe psktfmesx }k xhjkkgx.

YXDOggkyxXhjkkgMfxhse}fkn

ktesPushjoxekdXestfhexdskl

Hen}sogKdhe

Ik }k onv xhjkkg fn }je hkun}sv' onm

}jev yfgg jote o nfhanole dks }je hen,

}sog kdhe2 }je Mfx}sfh}' mkyn}kyn'

}je meo}j x}os' ks o nole }jo} fx

fnoppskpsfo}e }k fnhgume fn }jfx os}fhge.

]je seoxkn fx }jo} }je hen}sog kdhe

}vpfhoggv jox ogg kd }je sexkushex onm

ogg kd }je pkyes' onm xhjkkgx mk nk}

deeg }jo} }jev ose xuppks}em. ]jese fx

nk} o xuppgv onm melonm sego}fknxjfp

ce}yeen }je xhjkkgx onm hen}sog kdhe.

]je hen}sog kdhe fmen}fex nehexxosv

ks pesheftem neemem xestfhex onm

}jen psktfmex }jel }k xhjkkgx. Kd}en,

}flex' }jese fx gf}}ge ks nk deemcoha

dskl }je xhjkkgx.

]sonxf}fknfni }k }je SCC xvx}el fn

Koagonm sequfsem }je hen}sog kdhe }k

semene f}x skge. Fn ommf}fkn }k dkhux,

fni kn xestfni }je xhjkkgx' o lenu

kd xestfhex yox metegkpem fn yjfhj

psfnhfpogx hkugm pushjoxe xestfhex. ]je

xestfhe lenu jfijgfij}em }je oh}ftf}fex

onm xestfhex kd }je hen}sog kdhe' hkx}x'

onm xestfhe x}onmosmx oxxkhfo}em yf}j

}je xestfhex. Koagonm }jen hseo}em o

}yk,yov ohhkun}ocfgf}v xvx}el yjese

xhjkkgx seheftem xhksehosmx coxem kn

x}umen} ku}hklex onm }je hen}sog kdhe

seheftem xhksehosmx coxem kn jky yegg

}jev xestem xhjkkgx. ]jfx pesdkslonhe

lonoielen} xvx}el iseo}gv hjoniem

}je hkntesxo}fknx ce}yeen hen}sog

kdhe onm }je xhjkkgx.

Yjfge }je fnf}fog tfxfkn kd o puse

losae}pgohe yjese xhjkkgx hkugm pfha

onm hjkkxe }jefs xestfhe psktfmes dks

ogg xestfhex yox netes seogfrem' xkle

xuhhexxdug xestfhex yese hseo}em.? On

ezolpge kd }jfx ezhjonie yox kpeso,

}fknx xuppks} hkohjex. Cedkse SCC'xhjkkgx hkugm kngv sequex} onk}jes

kdhe lonoies }k jegp }jel yf}j kdhe

mu}fex. Jkyetes' lonv xhjkkgx hkugm

nk} oddksm on en}fse pkxf}fkn. Yf}j }je

omten} kd SCC' }je kpeso}fknx xuppks}

hkohj yox hseo}em on kp}fknog xestfhe

yjese xhjkkgx hkugm pushjoxe o hkohj

kn o mofgv coxfx }k oxxfx} yf}j cumie},

Ik }k onv xhjkkg fn }je hkun}sv' onm}jev yfgg jote o nfhanole dks }je hen}sog

kdhe2 }je Mfx}sfh}' mkyn}kyn'

}je meo}j x}os' ks o nole }jo} fx

fnoppskpsfo}e }k fnhgume fn }jfx os}fhge.

]je seoxkn fx }jo} }je hen}sog kdhe

}vpfhoggv jox ogg kd }je sexkushex onmogg kd }je pkyes' onm xhjkkgx mk nk}

deeg }jo} }jev ose xuppks}em.

? Ye yese nk} ocge }k lkte }k o puse losae},

pgohe cehouxe }je Hogfdksnfo X}o}e Emuho}fkn

Hkme pgohex sex}sfh}fknx kn ku}xkushfni hussen}

mfx}sfh} xestfhex' onm }jese yese nk} lonv tenmksx

otofgocge }k psktfme }je xestfhex ye neemem.


25/51


.E

.Dogg30?0 38

fni' pskhuselen}' julon sexkushe

neemx' e}h. ]jese yox o jfij melonm

dks }jfx xestfhe xfnhe }je xhjkkgx jom o

xfinfhon} xov fn jky }je xestfhe ykugm

ce uxem }k lee} }jefs unfque neemx.

Se}jfnafni Hkse Mfx}sfh}Dunh}fknx2 Ce}}es Xuppks} dksX}umen} Ohjfetelen}

O YXD xvx}el hon xjfne o gfij} kn

mvxdunh}fknog }ehjnfhog onm gkifx}fhog

xvx}elx }jo}' ug}flo}egv' flpeme x}u,

men} ohjfetelen}.

Upmo}fni]ehjnkgkiv

Fndkslo}fkn }ehjnkgkiv xvx}elx uxem

cv lonv pucgfh xeh}ks oienhfex ose

kd}en ku},kd,mo}e onm fnedhfen}. Fn

Hogfdksnfo' }jese ose kngv o jonmdug

kd tenmksx }jo} psktfme hkse julon

sexkushe onm nonhe xvx}elx }k xhjkkg

mfx}sfh}x. ]je xvx}el }vpfhoggv sunx

kdd kd kgmes onm ku}mo}em tesxfknx kd

xkd}yose' yjfhj x}elx dskl }je goha

kd fntex}len} fn onm upisome kd }jexe

}ehjnkgkifex ktes }fle. ]je flpoh}

}k xhjkkg mfx}sfh}x onm xhjkkgx hon ce

pskdkunm' ox kus segfonhe dks fndkslo,

}fkn onm mo}o fx }fem }k o xvx}el }jo}

fx fnomequo}egv lee}fni }je neemx kd

psfnhfpogx onm k}jes xhjkkg geomesx.

GfnafniHkn}skgonmPskhuselen}

Xvx}elx}kX}umen}Ohjfetelen}]je flpgelen}o}fkn kd o YXD xvx}el

puxjex kn }jexe kd}en,on}fquo}em

xvx}elx }k sexpknm oppskpsfo}egv }k

}je melonm dks up,}k,mo}e' ohhuso}e'

onm eoxv }k unmesx}onm fndkslo}fkn.

Fn ocxenhe kd }jfx' }jese lov ce ce},

}es' og}esno}fte xkgu}fknx }jo} hon ce

fmen}fem onm xhogem dks o xhjkkg mfx,

}sfh}. Xetesog ezolpgex isey ku} kd }jeflpgelen}o}fkn kd SCC fn Koagonm.

Lkx} fllemfo}egv' ye seogfrem }jo} kus

pkxf}fkn hkn}skg onm pskhuselen} xvx,

}elx yese nk} }flegv. Psfnhfpogx ykugm

kd}en fmen}fdv }je goha kd up,}k,mo}e


26/51

3= OnnencesiFnx}f}u}edksXhjkkgSedksl

jky sexkushex yese oggkho}em' coxem kn

mo}o setfeyx. ]je xhjkkg mfx}sfh} ex}oc,

gfxjem o cogonhfni pk} kd sexkushex

}k oxxfx} fn pseten}fni xhjkkgx dskl

ezheemfni }jefs cumie}x onm flpoh}fni

}je xhjkkg mfx}sfh}x ktesogg nonhfog

pkxf}fkn. Lkse flpks}on}gv' eohj psfn,

hfpog hkn}sfcu}em o pks}fkn kd jfx ks jes

dunmx }k }jefs pkkg. ]jesedkse' k}jes

psexxusex pees lkx}gv yese pu} kn

onvkne }jo} yox unocge }k x}ov yf}jfn

}jefs cumie} cehouxe etesv k}jes psfnhf,

pog jom o nonhfog x}oae.

]jeFlpoh}knX}umen}Ku}hklexkd]sonxdkslfniMfx}sfh}Geomesx

Psoh}fhe

]je hjonie eddks}x }jo} khhussem fn

Koagonm yf}jfn }je hen}sog kdhe nk}

kngv jegpem }k flpskte }je xhjkkg

xvx}el }k ce}}es xeste x}umen}x' cu}

f} yox ogxk o }sonxdkslo}fte ezpesfenhe

dks ux ox hen}sog omlfnfx}so}ksx.

Olkni ogg }je yovx }jo} flpgelen}fnio YXD xvx}el hjoniem kus psoh}fhe'

}jese yese xetesog }jo} lome on fnmeg,

fcge flpsexxfkn.

Dfsx} onm pesjopx lkx} flpks}on}'

psfnhfpogx onm xhjkkg geomesxjfp jote

}je hopocfgf}v }k kpeso}e eddeh}ftegv

fn on entfsknlen} yjese }jev jote

lkse sexpknxfcfgf}v onm ou}knklv ktes

mehfxfknx o} }je xhjkkg. ]je x}ovfni

pkyes cejfnm o pkgfhv gfae }jfx fx ommfni

egelen}x kd psktfmfni }je xuppks} neh,

exxosv dks psfnhfpogx }k loae fndkslem

mehfxfknx onm jkgmfni etesvkne ohhkun},

ocge }k x}o}em ikogx onm kcbeh}ftex.

Xehknm' o x}sknies hoxe neemx }k

ce lome dks fntex}len}x fn onogv}fhog

xkgu}fknx. Xhjkkg mfx}sfh}x sehksm' hkg,

geh}' onm x}kse on fllenxe olkun} kd

mo}o. ]jese ose tox} kppks}unf}fex }k

lfne }jfx mo}o }jo} psktfme fnxfij} }k

ce}}es fnx}suh}fknog psoh}fhe. Jkyetes'

ye mkn} fntex} fn ef}jes }je xvx}elx ks

fndkslo}fkn ox o jfnmsonhe }k }jel

loafni ce}}es,fndkslem mehfxfknx o}

}jefs xhjkkg xf}ex. Ye ogxk seogfrem }jo}

lonv kd }je pskhexxex }jo} fntkgtem

lug}fpge mepos}len}x yese }kk xgky

onm fnohhuso}e. Fn kne ezolpge'

Koagonm yox ezpesfenhfni hjsknfh

fxxuex yf}j ezpemf}fni }je pskhexxfni kd

x}o}e onm demesog ezpenmf}use sequex}x.

Ox f} yox' }je xhjkkg mfx}sfh} jom

mfdhug}v fmen}fdvfni oppskpsfo}e uxex

}jo} mskte x}umen} ohjfetelen}.

CehklfniPskoh}fteocku}

X}ovfniknCumie}Onk}jes ezolpge kd jky Koagonm yox

ocge }k se}jfna f}x hkse mfx}sfh} dunh}fknx

yox hen}esem kn sexpknmfni }k pk}en,

}fog nonhfog hjoggeniex fn o pskoh}fte

lonnes so}jes }jon seoh}fte. Hen}sog

kdhe omlfnfx}so}ksx yese dkshem }k

hseo}e xvx}elx }jo} }ohagem }jexe fxxuex

eosgfes kn ox o sexug} kd }je hjonie fn


27/51


.E

.Dogg30?0 35

mexfin kd }sofnfni ieosem xpehfhoggv }k

hugg }jfx mo}o onm gfd} ku} }jkxe fnxfij}x.

]jfx fx o hsf}fhog oxpeh} }k loae o YXD

xvx}el xuhhexxdug.

]jfsm' fxxuex kd equf}v yf}jfn o

xhjkkg xvx}el honnk} ce ommsexxem

ungexx }jev ose on oh}fte pos} kd etesv

hkntesxo}fkn. Kus kppks}unf}v }k hgkxe

}je emuho}fknog iop ce}yeen kus jfij,

onm gky,pesdkslfni x}umen}x fx elcem,

mem fn }je x}so}eifex onm mfogkiuex }jo}

ye psfksf}fre fn o xhjkkg xvx}el.

Dfnoggv' hug}use hjonie fn on uscon

xhjkkg xvx}el fx pkxxfcge' cu} f} }oaex

hknxfx}en} fntex}len}x kd sexkushex onm

julon hopf}og ktes o hknxfx}en} pesfkm

kd }fle. ]je hjoniex }k Koagonmx

oppskohj }k emuho}fni x}umen}x ose

pskten fn }jefs ohomelfh ohjfete,

len} ktes }je pox} xfz veosx. Koagonm

jox pkx}em }je gosiex} ohomelfh iofnx

kd onv lobks uscon xhjkkg mfx}sfh} fn

Hogfdksnfo. Cu} }jfx mfm nk} joppen fn o

veos ks eten }jsee veosx. ]jexe hjoniex'

fd mkne hksseh}gv onm fnhguxftegv' jote

}je kppks}unf}v }k jote o msolo}fh

eddeh} kn on uscon xhjkkg gonmxhope.

]je kppks}unf}v fx tesv seog }k lkte

hen}sog kddfhe dskl o meo}j x}os }k o

iufmfni gfij}.

Sedesenhex

Csva' O. X.' B. _. Eox}kn' M. Aescky' X. I. Skggky'

onm P. O. Xecsfni. ?668. OTfeydskl}je

Egelen}osvXhjkkgx2]jeX}o}ekdSedkslfnHjfhoik.

O Sepks} kd }je X}eesfni Hkllf}}ee. Hjfhoik2

Hknxks}ful kn Hjfhoik Xhjkkg Sexeoshj.

Hjolcesx' B.' G. Xjolcouij' B. Getfn' L. Lusoaf'

onm G. Pkgonm. 300:. O ]ogekd]ykMfx}sfh}x2O

Hklposo}fteX}umvkdX}umen},CoxemDunmfnionm

Xhjkkg,CoxemMehfxfkn,LoafnifnXonDsonhfxhk

$KoagonmUnfemXhjkkgMfx}sfh}x. Pogk Og}k'

HO2 Olesfhon Fnx}f}u}ex kd Sexeoshj. Otofgocge

dks mkyngkom o} 7yyy.ofs.ksi+ezpes}fxe+

fnmez+;do


28/51


Lo}}jey Jksnceha fx fn jfx efij}j veos ox }je psfnhfpog kd Jolpx}eom JfggOhomelv' o pse,A }jskuij efij}j,isome pucgfh xhjkkg fn xku}jeox} Cog}flkse. Psfks}k jfx psfnhfpogxjfp fn Cog}flkse' je xpen} te veosx ox o hknxug}on} kn xhjkkg

nonhe onm pskdexxfknog metegkplen} dks psfnhfpogx fn gosie uscon mfx}sfh}x' yksafni

tesv hgkxegv yf}j Aosen Joygev Lfgex onm Emuho}fkn Sexkushe X}so}eifex. Yjen

Ms. Onmsex Ogknxk' }je Cog}flkse xupesfn}enmen}' yon}em }k psklk}e x}umen},

coxem cumie}fni }k psfnhfpogx' Jksnceha yox }je no}usog hjkfhe }k }oga yf}j k}jes

psfnhfpogx ocku} yjo} f} ykugm leon dks }jel. Je xpkae }k }je Onnencesi Fnx}f}u}e

ocku} yjo} psfnhfpogx neem }k anky ocku} x}umen},coxem cumie}fni.

Yjo}ose}jeomton}oiexkdx}umen},coxem

cumie}fni;

lo}}jey jksnceha 2 Xhjkkgx jote

o xenxe }jo} }jevse elpkyesem }k

loae mehfxfknx }jo} loae xenxe }k

hgoxxskklx' }eohjesx' onm afmx. Vku

ose nk gknies fn o pkxf}fkn yjesexkleckmv bux} xjkyx up o} vkus mkks

onm xovx' Fl vkus ney xehknm,isome

}eohjes. F}x ogg ocku} ie}}fni xhjkkgx

}k }je pkfn} yjese }jev ose }je knex fn

hjosie. ]jese jox ceen on fndon}fgfrfni

oppskohj xk }jo} xhjkkgx jote nk} jom

}je kppks}unf}v }k loae mehfxfknx kn

}jefs kyn. ]jo} ezhuxe jox ceen }oaen

oyov. Nky' }je yksa hon ce ocku}sfiks. Cedkse' }jkxe hkntesxo}fknx yese

josm }k jote yjen vku yese hknx}on}gv

unoyose kd jky luhj lknev vku jom'

yjese f} yox ikfni }k ce gkho}em' ks

Qyjen }ehjnkgkiv\ xvx}elx hkugmn}

Lo}}jeyJksnceha

fxpsfnhfpogkd

Jolpx}eomJfgg

OhomelvfnCog}flkse.

OPsfnhfpogxPesxpeh}fte2Elpkyeslen}dksXhjkkgx

Lo}}jey Jksnceha

X}umen},coxemcumie}fnifnCog}flksepsktfmexpsfnhfpogxyf}jockunmemou}knklv

}jo}oggkyx}jel}kcufgm}jefskyncumie}xfnxuppks}kd}jepskisollfnilkx}

neememcv}jefsxhjkkgx.

}oga }k eohj k}jes. F }jfna f} jox ceen

pos} kd on ktesogg hklpsejenxfte eddks}

}k psktfme xhjkkgx yf}j }je pkyes

onm hkn}skg onm ou}knklv }k loae

mehfxfknx }jo} ose ikkm dks }eohjfni

onm geosnfni.

Oxopsfnhfpog'vkuteezpesfenhemgfdeyf}jx}umen},coxemcumie}fnionmyf}jku}.

Yjo}joxhjoniemdksvkufn}jelkte}k

x}umen},coxemcumie}fni;

lo}}jey jksnceha2 ]jfx veos

Q30?0,30??\ fx Cog}flksex }jfsm

veos uxfni x}umen},coxem cumie},

fni. F} iftex vku o gk} kd dseemkl onm

hkn}skg }k cufgm vkus kyn cumie}. QFn

}je psetfkux xvx}el\' }jese yese o gk}kd pskisolx }jo} yese hen}sog kdhe

hkn}skggem onm cumie}em' yje}jes f}


29/51

T.U

.E

.Dogg30?0 39

yox hf}vyfme hjexx pskisolx ks hf}v,

yfme uscon meco}e pskisolx ks k}jes

afnmx kd fnf}fo}ftex }jo} }je ckosm ktes

}je veosx }jkuij} yese ikkm dks afmx.

Fn }je psetfkux posomfil' vku ykugm

bux} xfin up dks }jel. Fn }je hussen}

xhenosfk' }jkxe pskisolx jote }k hkle

loae o pf}hj o} }je xhjkkg geteg' xk ye

pushjoxe pos}fhfpo}fkn fn }je meco}e

pskisol Qks\ ye pushjoxe pos}fhfpo,

}fkn fn }je hjexx pskisol. Yjen vku

uncunmge ogg kd }je lknev onm puxj

f} ku} }k xhjkkgx' f} hseo}ex o gk} lkse

kynesxjfp onm yfggfninexx }k dof}jduggv

flpgelen} pskisolx.

Onk}jes }jfni' }somf}fknoggv' fd vku

yese o xqueoav yjeeg' vku ykugm ie}

lkse x}odd. ]jese yese jotex onm jote,

nk}x fn }je mfx}sfh}. Nky' }jev yfgg gkka

o} }je xhjkkgx pskbeh}fknx dks enskgg,

len}' onm fd }je xhjkkgx ose yskni'

}jev yfgg loae o} geox} kne ks lovce

}yk lfm,veos hksseh}fknx. Yjen psfnhf,

pogx ktesex}flo}em }jefs enskgglen} gox}

veos' }jev gkx} ox luhj ox -500'000'

-:00'000' ks -? lfggfkn fn }je lfmmge

kd }je veos onm jom }k ie} sfm kd x}odd

onm semk }jefs pskisollfni onm pgon,

nfni. Fd }jev unmesex}flo}em' }jev yese

}je cenehfosfex kd juie yfnmdoggx fn

Kh}kces ks Nktelces ox luhj ox

-=00'000 ks -500'000. Psfnhfpogx ose

cehklfni dos lkse omep} o} sehsuf}fniafmx cehouxe }jev anky }jo} unmes

}je yefij}em dkslugo fnmftfmuog afmx

lo}}es }k xhjkkgx.

Vkus cumie} fx ogg ocku} vkus

enskgglen}. F}x nk} ocku} yjk vku

hon hkntfnhe o} hen}sog kdhe }jo} vku

lfij} jote enkuij afmx }k omm onk}jes

}eohjes. F}x nk} yjk vku hon hkntfnhe

vku kuij} }k jote o hkohj yjk fx odsfenm ks o hkggeoiue. F}x ocku} pes,

dkslonhe onm loafni xuse }jo} vkus

enskgglen} fx nk} mehgfnfni. Fd vkus

enskgglen} mehgfnex' }jen vkus kppks,

}unf}v }k psktfme xuppks}x dks afmx

mehgfnex. F yox pskbeh}fni 404 afmx Q}jfx

veos o} lv xhjkkg\' onm }kmov Qbux}

cedkse }je x}os} kd xhjkkg\ f} gkkax gfae

ye ose }yen}v ktes. ]jo} fx -?50'000 kd

ommf}fknog dunmfni }jo} yfgg hkle kus

yov. Fn }je pox}' fd F ik} }en lkse afmx'

F mfmn} ie} lkse x}odd ks lkse lknev.

Fd F ik coni kn mkksx onm ie} }en lkse

afmx' }jo} leonx F ie} -:0'000. ]jen

}jo}x o pkyesdug nonhfog fnhen}fte }k

ik onm loae xuse }jo} vkus enskgglen}

lo}hjex yjo} vkute ik} fn lfnm dks

vkus pskisollfni onm vkus xhjkkgx.

Yjo}xuppks}xjoteceenjegpdug}kvkufn}je}sonxf}fkn}kx}umen},coxem

cumie}fni;

lo}}jey jksnceha 2 ]jese yese o

gk} kd xuppks}x. ]je sx} veos }jese yox

oh}uoggv o }eol kd pekpge. ]je hen}sog

kdhe elp}fem ku}1 }eolx kd pekpge

hole ku} }k eohj fnmftfmuog xhjkkg

dks }jsee,}k,xfz,jkus lee}fnix yf}j

fnmftfmuog psfnhfpogx }k }oga ocku} yjo}}jfx leon} dks }jefs xhjkkgx onm }k ie}

o ce}}es unmesx}onmfni kd yjo} afnm kd


30/51

3: OnnencesiFnx}f}u}edksXhjkkgSedksl

pskisollfni neemx yese o} }je xhjkkg.

Nky }jese fx o psfnhfpogx moxjckosm

}jo} fnhgumex }je me}ofgem iufmonhe' }je

xhjkkg,xpehfh cumie} oggkho}fknx' onm

}je hes}fho}fkn fndkslo}fkn dks x}odd.

Ogg kd }jexe }jfnix ose lossfem }kie}jes

fn on kngfne xe}up. Vku hon xee yjo}

pskisolx vku hon omm onm jky luhj

}jev hkx}. Dks ezolpge' F pushjoxem

o dugg,}fle seifx}esem nusxe cehouxe

ye jote o nulces kd afmx yjk jote

epfgepxv onm o afm yf}j hesecsog pogxv

onm gk}x kd afmx yf}j ox}jlo. ]jo} hkx}x

-80'?35' onm xk F hon bux} pu} }jo} fn

lv cumie} onm Qyf}j }je moxjckosm\

xee }jo} f}x }jese. F}x tesv elpkyes,

fni }k jote }jo} fndkslo}fkn o} vkus

nies}fpx yjese vku hon xee f}' vku hon

hjonie f}' vku hon xuclf} f}' onm vku

hon medenm f}. F }jfna f}x ceen o seoggv

ikkm pskhexx onm hkn}fnuoggv ik}}en

ce}}es ox }je veosx jote ikne cv.

]je k}jes pfehe kd xuppks} }jev

psktfme fx }jskuij }je xhjkkg xuppks}

ne}yksax. Dks etesv d}een xhjkkgx'

}jese fx o }eol geom' cuxfnexx lon,

oies' o x}umen} xuppks} x}odd' onm on

ohomelfh xuppks} pesxkn. ]jev ose o

}eol yjk ose nk} xupestfxksv Qkd }je

xhjkkg\. ]jev ose dkslo}fte fn }jefs

xuppks}. ]jev hon gkka o} lv cumie}

kngfne ox yegg onm xee yjo} fx lfxx,

fni ks yjo}x nk} lfxxfni' yjo} gkkaxikkm ks yjo} }jev lfij} jote quex,

}fknx ocku}' xk f}x xks} kd o hjeha onm

cogonhe kn }je psfnhfpog. Q]jev ose\ o

iskup kd pekpge yjk hon anky fn lkse

me}ofg ocku} yjo} Q}je xhjkkg fx\ mkfni.

Yjo}joteceen}jehjoggeniexfn}je

}sonxf}fkn}kx}umen},coxemcumie}fni;

lo}}jey jksnceha2 Kne }jfni

}jo} }je mfx}sfh} x}suiigex yf}j nky fx

xuspgux x}odd' cehouxe yf}j psfnhfpogxjotfni hkn}skg ktes kus cumie}' fd ye

mkn} yon} xkleckmv' yese nk} yfggfni

}k cumie} dks }jel ks pov dks }jel.

O }eohjes yf}j cene}x hkugm eoxfgv

hkx} -?00'000. ]je mfx}sfh} jox hkn,

}soh}uog kcgfio}fknx onm mkex nk} gov

pekpge kdd. F }jfna ye ose ie}}fni ce}}es

o} etoguo}fkn' xk ye hon fmen}fdv kus

jfij,pesdkslfni }eohjesx ox yegg ox }je}eohjesx yf}j xfinfhon} hjoggeniex. Ye

ose geosnfni jky }k hkunxeg dkgax fn}k

mfddesen} pskdexxfknx ks loae xuse ye

ose psktfmfni }je xuppks} }jev neem'

onm fd }je xuppks}x osen} ug}flo}egv

enkuij' }jen iusfni ku} jky }jev

neem }k ce so}em fn }eslx kd etoguo,

}fkn. ]jo} joxn} etes joppenem cedkse'

xk ktes }je gox} dey veosx }jese ose

xfinfhon} nulcesx kd pekpge ?00

}k 300 pekpge yjk ose xuspgux x}odd.

]jo} fx josm kn hen}sog }k hossv }jkxe

pekpge kdd kd xhjkkg cumie}x. Fd vkuse

hossvfni -?0 lfggfkn fn xuspgux x}odd onm

ogg }je lknevx fn }je xhjkkgx' }jen

f}x dos lkse gfaegv }jo} vkuse ikfni }k

jote }k dseere Qxhjkkg\ cumie}x fn Opsfg

onm loae ogg }je lknev hkle coha }k

hen}sog }jo}x nk} xpen} fn Opsfg ks Lov.

F} yfgg ce iseo} yjen ye ie} }k o pkfn}

yjese lknev hon oh}uoggv ce skggem

ktes dskl veos }k veos xk }jo} }jese hon

ce lkse nonhfog pgonnfni ox kppkxem

}k Kj' lv ikxj' f}x Lov. Ge} le ksmes

o cunhj kd hklpu}esx ks k}jesyfxe lv

lknev fx ikfni }k ezpfse.

Ykugmvkuxov}jeseoseonvmfxomton,}oiex}kx}umen},coxemcumie}fni;

lo}}jey jksnceha2 F mkn}

xee onv mfxomton}oiex. F }jfna fn o

mfx}sfh} }jo} yox hen}sog kdhe msften

onm hen}sog kdhe dkhuxem' }jese ykugm


31/51

Lo}}jeyJksnceha wT.U

.E

.Dogg30?0 36

ce mfxomton}oiex cehouxe vku ykugm

jote o xenxe kd posonkfo ks fnxehusf}v

oskunm' Yjo} ose psfnhfpogx ikfni }k

mk yf}j }jfx lknev; Ose }jev ikfni }k

ik cuv o cunhj kd pgoxlo ]Tx dks }jefs

kdhe onm }jen f} yfgg ie} fn }je neyx,

popes onm }je mfx}sfh} yfgg ce ohhuxem kd

lfxlonoifni dunmx; ]jesex o hes}ofn

xenxe kd }sux} }jo} hklex ogkni Qyf}j

x}umen},coxem cumie}fni\' onm F }jfna

}jo}x yjen QCog}flkse xupesfn}en,

men}\ Ms. Ogknxk }ogax ocku} ckunmem

ou}knklv. F}x nk} bux} Mk onv}jfni.

F}x' Jesex }je iufmonhe' jesex yjo}

vku xjkugm ce xpenmfni dunmx kn.

Jex tesv hgeos ocku} psfnhfpogx xestfni

o} }je pgeoxuse kd }je xupesfn}enmen}.

Yjo}mkvku}jfnaose}jelkx}flpks,

}on}xafggxdkspsfnhfpogxfnmfx}sfh}xuxfni

x}umen},coxemcumie}fni;

lo}}jey jksnceha 2 ]jev neem

}k unmesx}onm jky cumie} psfksf}fex

}sonxgo}e fn}k pskisollfni. F }jfna}jo} ankyfni yjese vkuse ikfni

fnx}suh}fknoggv fx aev }k cufgmfni o ikkm

cumie}. Fd F yon}em }k jfse o mfseh}ks

kd ensfhjlen} fn}esten}fkn' F xjkugm

anky jky luhj }jo} hkx}x' yjo} }jo}

pesxknx ikfni }k mk' onm Fte gkkaem

dks }je pesxkn' onm f}x le }oafni }je

sfxa }jo} }je fntex}len} Fl loafni

fx ikfni }k pov kdd dks kus afmx. Gk}x kdmfx}sfh}x ktes }je veosx jote jom lkmegx

yjese }jev xov' Yese ikfni }k pu} o

seomfni onm lo}j hkohj fn etesv cufgm,

fni' onm }jo} pesxkn fx fn }je cufgmfni

yf}jku} }je geomesxjfp o} }je cufgmfni

jotfni }jkuij} ocku} yjo} ezoh}gv }jo}

leonx' yjo} }jo} pesxkn yfgg mk' onm

loafni xuse }jev jote }je xafgg xe} }k

ie} f} mkne.Vku ogxk neem }k jote psfnhfpogx

yjk ose oh}uoggv puxjfni }je sedksl

dskl cegky ox yegg ox hen}sog kdhe xe},

}fni f} up dskl ockte. Jotfni psfnhfpogx

elpkyesem }k psktfme }jo} afnm kd

Vku ogxk neem }k jote psfnhfpogx yjk

ose oh}uoggv puxjfni }je sedksl dskl

cegky ox yegg ox hen}sog kdhe xe}}fni

f} up dskl ockte. Jotfni psfnhfpogx

elpkyesem }k psktfme }jo} afnm

kd hkn}fnukux deemcoha }k hen}sog

kdhe fx seoggv flpks}on}. Vku ose nk}

ikfni }k ie} f} sfij} }je sx} }fle' onm

vku neem }jefs tkfhex fn }je lfz.

hkn}fnukux deemcoha }k hen}sog kdhe fx

seoggv flpks}on}. Vku ose nk} ikfni }k

ie} f} sfij} }je sx} }fle' onm vku neem

}jefs tkfhex fn }je lfz.

Yjo}omtfheykugmvkuifte}konk}jespsfnhfpogyjkxemfx}sfh}yoxocku}}k

}sonxf}fkn}kx}umen},coxemcumie}fni;

lo}}jey jksnceha 2 F }jfna }jo} }jfx

fx }je lklen} yjese Fl xuppkxem }k

xov' Jkgm kn }k vkus jo}. Hjonie fx

hklfni' onm f}x xk x}os}gfni onm ykn,

mesdug' cu} f}x xk josm vkuse ikfni }k

jote xgeepgexx nfij}x. QCu}\ f} yoxn}

}jo} josm. F }jfna pekpge mkn} neem }kie} }kk yksaem up ocku} f}. Vku neem

}k csfni pekpge ogkni fn }eslx kd jegp,

fni }jel unmesx}onm yjv f}x flpks,

}on}. F mkn} }jfna onvckmv xjkugm ce

xhosem ocku} f} ks jote onv }sepfmo}fkn

ocku} }oafni f} kn. F }jfna f}x oh}u,

oggv nk} o cfi meog. F mkn} anky yjo}


32/51


peshen} kd }je ?5'000 mfx}sfh}x fn }je

no}fkn mk ks mkn} uxe Qx}umen},coxem

cumie}fni\' cu} f} hes}ofngv loaex xenxe

dskl o }eohjfni onm geosnfni pesxpeh,

}fte. Vku jote }k fntex} o gf}}ge }fle

fn }je pgonnfni o} }je ceifnnfni ox o

psfnhfpog' cu} F }jfna f} fx ug}flo}egv o

}fle xotes dks xhjkkgx' cehouxe vkuse

nk} sunnfni oskunm }svfni }k iuse

ku} yjk jox vkus pk} kd lknev ks

hknx}on}gv }svfni }k iuse ku} yjk jox

}je pskisollfni }jo} vku yon}. Fn

doh}' f}x bux} }je kppkxf}e. Yjen }je

lknev fx fn xhjkkgx onm psfnhfpogx jote

hkn}skg ktes f}' ogg kd }je pekpge yf}j

pskisolx onm ogg kd }je }eohjesx yf}j

}jefs sexulex nm vku cehouxe vkuse

}je kne }jo} loaex }je mehfxfknx.

Onm }jo}x o seoggv ikkm }jfni dskl

}je xhjkkg pesxpeh}fte.

Fx}jeseonv}jfniegxevkumgfae}komm

}jo}yemfmn}ie}ohjonhe}k}ogaocku};

lo}}jey jksnceha2 X}umen},coxem

cumie}fni fx o aev egelen} kd o hkl,

psejenxfte oppskohj }k xhjkkg sedksl. F}jfna }jese ose }yk oppskohjex }k }usn,

fni oskunm xhjkkgx.

student-based budgeting - annenberg institute for school reform

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