stucture ii_pertemuan 1_modul 1.pdf
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Structure II
Spring 2016Pertemuan I: 21 Februari 2016
Modul 1 : Sentences and Clauses
Ismail Marzuki
Universitas Terbuka
Korea Selatan
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MODUL 1 : SENTENCES AND CLAUSES
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Unit 1 : Clauses
A. Independent Clauses
B. Dependent Clauses
C. Types of Dependent Clauses
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Unit 1 : ClausesA. Independent Clauses
Independent Clause (main clause):
Kelompok kata yang saling berhubungan yang
mempunyai subjek dan predikat dan dapat
berdiri sendiri sebagai kalimat yang lengkap dan
utuh.
Clause [noun; countable] : kelompok kata yang saling
berhubungan yang memiliki subjek dan predikat.
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Unit 1 : Clauses
A. Independent Clauses
• Rudy is my son.
• I know that boy.
•
English is an international language.• I have been to Singapore.
• We visited Kuta beach last year.
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Unit 1 : Clauses
B. Dependent Clauses
Dependent Clause (subordinate clause):
Anak kalimat, mempunyai subjek dan predikat,tetapi tidak bisa berdiri sendiri sebagai kalimat
yang lengkap karena tidak mengekspresikanpemikiran yang lengkap.
Menggunakan subordinate conjunctions: who,that, whether, if, when, until, after, although,because, since, whereas, before.
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Unit 1 : Clauses
B. Dependent Clauses
• That he is a banker.
• If you go by bus or by train.
•
After you arrive in Bali.• Whereas Anita is diligent.
• Why he cried.
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Unit 1 : Clauses
C. Types of Dependent Clauses
Dependent Clause, dapat berfungsi sebagai
• Kata benda (noun clause)
•Kata sifat (adjective clause)
• Kata keterangan (adverbial clause)
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Unit 1 : Clauses
C. Types of Dependent Clauses
1. Noun Clause
Dapat berfungsi sebagai:
• Subjek
• Objek kata kerja atau preposisi
• Pelengkap
Subordinate conjunction yang digunakan:
That, whether, if, what,....etc.
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Unit 1 : Clauses
C. Types of Dependent Clauses1. Noun Clause as subject
• How he gets the money is his own affair.
• What they did does not concern me.
2. Noun Clause as transitive object• I don’t know where he lives.
• It is true that plants need water in order to live.
3. Noun Clause• My question is why you did not come last night.
• My concern is how to pay the workers.
Karena sifatnya sebagai kata benda, noun clause bisa diganti dengan kata ganti “it”.
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Unit 1 : Clauses
C. Types of Dependent Clauses
2. Adjective Clause
Berfungsi sebagai:
•
Kata sifat (menerangkan kata benda)
Relative pronouns yang digunakan:
which,who, whom, whose....etc.
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Unit 1 : Clauses
C. Types of Dependent Clauses
2. Adjective Clause
• The boy who/that gave me the book is
Mr.Anwar’s son.
• The car that he drives is very expensive.
• He gave the money to the man who had
done the work.
• Here is the book which/that describes
animals.
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Unit 1 : Clauses
C. Types of Dependent Clauses
3. Adverbial Clause
Berfungsi sebagai:
•
Kata kata keterangan (menjelaskan kata kerja,kata keterangan, atau seluruh kalimat)
Relative pronouns yang digunakan:When, after, while, before, as soon as....etc.
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Unit 1 : Clauses
C. Types of Dependent Clauses
3. Adverbial Clause
• You may begin when you are ready.
•
While he was walking home, he saw anaccident.
• After she finished dinner, she went to bed.
•
They sat down wherever they could findempty seats.
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Unit 2 : Sentences
A. Classification by Types
B. Classification by the Number of Full
Prediction
Sentence [noun; countable] : kelompok kata yang yang
memiliki subjek, predikat, dan mengekspresikan suatu
informasi yang utuh.
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Unit 2 : Sentences
A. Classification by Types
1. Declarative sentences (statement)
• Carol is happy.
•
The child ate dinner.• I have just bought the books.
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Unit 2 : Sentences
A. Classification by Types
2. Interrogative sentences (questions)
• Did the child eat his dinner?
•
Is it your dictionary?• Are you Surya?
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Unit 2 : Sentences
A. Classification by Types
3. Imperative sentences (commands and
request)
• Stop that bus!
• Be quite, please!
• Help!
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Unit 2 : Sentences
A. Classification by Types
4. Exclamation sentences (exclamation)
• What a good dinner that was!
• What beautiful hair she has!
• How beautiful she is!
• How far his house is!
What + countable/uncountable noun
How + adjective or adverb
U it 2 S t
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Unit 2 : Sentences
B. Classification by the Number of Full
Prediction1. Simple sentence
• Tedi bought a house.
• Ratih is happy.
• Ratih and Rita swim everyday. (compund
subject)
• I like to swim and hike everyday. (compound
predicate)
U it 2 S t
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Unit 2 : Sentences
B. Classification by the Number of Full
Prediction2. Compound sentence
a) The rain fell, and the wind blew.
b) I want to attend school, but my family needs me.
c) He was tired, so he went to bed.d) The players tried their best to win; however, I do not
expect them to win.
e) Mr. Sujudi is the richest man in his town; moreover,
he is very generous.
a) to c) : main clause + coordinate conjuction + main clause
d) to e) : main clause + transition (; linking word,) + main clause
Unit 2 Sentences
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Unit 2 : Sentences
B. Classification by the Number of Full
Prediction3. Complex sentence
• You should lock the doors before you leave
the house.
• Although John is a good athlete, he does not
spend too much time in sports.
• Since that happend a long time ago, I wouldnot hold it again.
Unit 2 : Sentences
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Unit 2 : Sentences
B. Classification by the Number of Full
Prediction4. Compound – complex sentence
• Although the farmers always work long
hours, they seem to enjoy their work, andthey usually have a long time rest during the
dry season.
• Some people fell on other people, and somepeople landed on the floor when the bos
stopped abruptly.