sts dubai / g10 - ict - t1 - computer hardware

R AY M O N D R O S E

COMPUTER HARDWARE

ADVETI-STS-CDU-T3-2011-12

LEARNING OUTCOMES

• Understanding the computer and its elements. • Identify the different types of computer

devices, including: • Desktop computers • Notebook/Laptop computers • Servers • Cellular telephones • Handheld computers/PDA • Tablet PCs • Portable music/media players • Computer game systems • Electronic book readers • Calculator • Non computer equipment containing embedded

computer components such as microprocessor and memory.

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1.0 Computer Hardware, Peripherals and troubleshooting Objective

1.1 Identify types of computer how they process information, and the purpose and function of different hardware components.


UNDERSTANDING COMPUTERS

• Technology has evolve in a new field that deal with the automatic processing of data by a computer called informatics. This word was formed as an acronym form the words “ Information “ and “Automatic”.

• The word INFORMMATION was originally coined to describe a new fact. It refers to the result of data entered into the memory of an electronic computer.

• Understanding what a computer is and how to use it does not necessarily mean being able to take it completely apart. However it is important to have some familiarity with its components and understanding how they interact in processing data.

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• UNDERSTANDING COMPUTER

• The PERSONAL COMPUTER or PC for short, contains two essentially elements, the hardware and the software.

• HARDWARE – the term hardware

means all the elements of electrical, electronic and mechanical components that make up the computer or simple the physical part of the computer system.

• SOFTWARE – is the programs used

to runs the computer and makes it a very useful tool to perform calculation and process data.

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CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS

• There are different types of computers such as:

1. MICROCOMPUTER 2. MINICOMPUTERS 3. LAPTOP 4. NOTEBOOK 5. NETBOOK 6. PDA 7. MAINFRAME 8. SUPERCOMPUTER

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MICROCOMPUTER

• Microcomputer – this term refers to two categories of personal computer, the Desktop and Workstation.

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DESKTOP/WORKSTATION COMPUTER

• DESKTOP COMPUTER - are the classic personal computer they can be used for listening to music, surfing the Internet or as an integrative or support element for work activity .

• WORKSTATION – are personal computers equipped with performance features that make them superbly useful for specific operations.

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MACINTOSH/MINICOMPUTER

• MACINTOSH –The Macintosh or MAC for short is produce by Apple.

• MINICOMPUTER– They are used for managing large files and sharing data among many users. Servers are an example of minicomputers.

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LAPTOPS AND NOTEBOOKS

• LAPTOPS – computers are also called portables because of their ease of transport. This same performance with the desktop but differ in size and cost .

• NOTEBOOK – computers have the same

performance levels as laptops, but the differ in that they are even smaller.

• `

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NETBOOKS AND PDA

• NETBOOKS - The netbooks are a recent class of portable devices, similar to the notebook , but differ because of their even more compact dimension, greater battery life, low weight and very low cost .

• PDA – (Personal Digital Assistant ) indicates what is commonly called a palm pilot with reference to its very small size. The device fits perfectly in the palm of a hand.

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MAINFRAMES

• MAINFRAMES –their size is proportional to their performance. They are used in managing large data banks of both public and private institutions.

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SUPERCOMPUTER

• SUPERCOMPUTER– the internal architecture of supercomputer is parallel processing, meaning that multiple drives work simultaneously in data processing operations.

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OTHER COMPUTING DEVICES

• Tablet PC

• Mobile phone

• Portable music/ media player

• Computer game systems

• Interactive books

• Calculators

• Commonly used device

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QUIZ

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1. What elements make up a computer? a. Hardware b. Software c. Both 2. What is meant by the term minicomputer? a. A computer with reduce size. b. A computer used for business purposes. c. A small manual for user. 3. What is meant by the term hardware? a. All electronic component and mechanical components that make up a computer. b. All the metal components of the computer. c. Neither of the two. 4. By what parameters are computers classified? a. Their cost b. Their size c. Both of the above 5. What meant by the term PDA? a. Professional digital assistant which is a professional use of digital equipment. b. Personal Digital Assistant also called a PDA. c. Neither of the above.


DATA FLOW

• A computer collects, process, store, and produces information through the following devices.

• Input Devices – are used for entering data and commands.

• Processing devices – the central processing unit (CPU) is the main component of the computer its task is to process and manage the flow of data among the system components.

• Memory Devices – store data that the computer uses for perform various operation.

• Output devices – allows the computer to communicate with the user for displaying data on a monitor or generating sound.

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1.2 Identify how to maintain computer equipment and solve common problems related to computer hardware.


COMPUTER MEMORY

• In computing, memory refers to the physical devices used to store programs or data on a temporary or permanent basis for use in a computer or other digital electronic device.

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THE PC CASE

• The case box of plastic and metal that contains the main component devices of the pc.

• Cases can have different shapes.

• Tower case:

• Desktop case:

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ADAPTER (POWER SUPPLY)

• Power supply – electricity enters the PC through this metal box, it supply electrical power to all other component form the motherboard to hard drives and ports.

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MOTHERBOARD

• Motherboard –the main circuit board of the computer system.

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MICROPROCESSOR (CPU)

• Microprocessor –is the component that determines the calculation speed of a PC .

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PORTS

• Ports Physically, a port is a specialized outlet on a piece of equipment to which a plug or cable connects. They are used to connect PC peripheral such as printer, keyboard, mouse etc.

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SERIAL / PARALLEL/USB PORT

• Serial ports – are used to connect serial peripheral devices to PCs.

• Parallel port – is used to connect to any parallel peripheral such as printer.

• USB port- Universal Serial Bus, an external bus standard that supports data transfer rates of 12 Mbps.

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UNIT OF MEASUREMENT IN INFORMATICS

• What are bits, bytes, and other units of measure for digital information?

• A bit is a binary digit, the smallest increment of data on a computer. A bit can hold only one of two values: 0 or 1, corresponding to the electrical values of off or on, respectively.

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TYPES OF COMPUTER MEMORY

• RAM- “Random Access Memory “ - is the primary storage devices of the computer system.

• ROM – “Read Only Memory” – is a tiny electronic circuit built on silicon support or other material defines as semiconductor.

• CACHE MEMORY – is the ultra fast memory microprocessor have, enabling them to perform certain operations very quickly.

• MASS MEMORY – these are devices that holds the mass of personal and business data.

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Summary table Type Size Speed Cost

RAM memory Volatile limited High High

ROM memory permanent limited

High Medium

Cache memory permanent limited

Very high High

Hard disk permanent limited

slow small

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MASS MEMORY

• Mass memory- refers to the storage of large amounts of data in a

persisting and machine-readable fashion – increases hard drive

speed.

• Defragmenting files – Defragmenting increases hard drive speed.

• File compression – is a good way to save disk space and store our files and folders in a more organized way.

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SOUND CARD

• Sound card – contain circuits for recording and playing

back sounds.

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VIDEO CARD

• Video card – it translate information from digital images

into variable analog signal that can be display as an

image on the monitor.

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CD/DVD DRIVE

• CD( Compact Disc) Drive

• Storage capacity of the disc is 747 MB

• DVD(Digital Video Disc) Drive

• Minimum storage capacity of the disc is 4.7GB

• CD-RW and DVD RW – are type of disc were you can write

multiple times using a CD-DVD burners.

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ADDITIONAL STORAGE DEVICES

• USB/FLASH MEMORY

• NETWORK DRIVES

• ROMOTE SERVERS

• FLOPPY DISK

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MONITOR

• Monitor – is the output peripheral that display what the PC has processed in text and graphics.

• CRT monitor

• LCD monitor

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KEYBOARD

• Keyboard – the main input device of the computer.

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MOUSE

• A mouse is a pointing device that functions by detecting two-dimensional motion relative to its supporting surface

• Other pointing devices:

• Touchpad

• .Trackball

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PRINTER

• Printer is an output device that print the result of an operation on paper, Which produces a hard copy

• Inkjet printer

• Laser Printer

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SPECIALIZED OUTPUT DEVICES

• Plotter - is a device designed to reproduce complex and high quality drawing.

• Projectors - a device that can project what is on PC screen.

. Robots and other control devices –for industrial processes and also for the production of high precision components

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SPECIALIZED OUTPUT DEVICES

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Scanner Modem Speaker

Microphone Webcam Cameras

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OTHER INPUT DEVICES

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Bar code Reader Touch screen Game controller

Sensor and probes Security Devices Devices for the disabled

USB

NIC

Element




NETWORK AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

• Network - refers to a set of greater or lesser interconnecting communication.

Different type of Networks • LAN – Local Area Network • WAN – Wide Area Networking • MAN – Metropolitan Area Networking.

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• LAN (Local Area Network) -is a computer network that interconnects computers in a limited area such as a home, school, computer laboratory, or office building.

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• WAN (WIDE AREA NETWORK) - is a telecommunication network that covers a broad area from any network that links across metropolitan, regional, or national boundaries.

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• MAN (Metropolitan area Network) - is a computer network that usually spans a city or a large campus.

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• Type of Nodes:

• Centralized Intelligence Networks( Dumb terminal) - display monitor that has no processing capabilities. A dumb terminal is simply an output device that accepts data from the CPU.

• Networks with Distributed Intelligence:((smart terminal) - is

terminal that has some processing capabilities

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Smart terminal Dumb terminal

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COMPUTER FOR ALL (GUIDE FOR BUYING PC)

• The main factors of a personal computer that have the greatest impact on the configuration and the overall cost:

• Case • Power supply • CPU • Motherboard • RAM • Hard disk • Monitors • Video card • Sound card • Printer

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COMPUTER FOR ALL (GUIDE FOR BUYING PC)

• Different type of PC configuration:

• Starter PC – this are the most basic level of computer

• Average level PC’s for offices- represent the typical work computer

• Average level PC’s for home- represent the typical home computer

• High end PC’s for office or home – represent top performance and highest cost.

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Starter PC Average level PC for offices

Average level PC for home

High end PC’s for office and home

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PC MAINTENANCE

• computers require constant and proper maintenance and protection of their components and their related devices in general.

• Protection from theft or damage

• Factors that can damage hardware devices

• Protection from electrical problems

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PC MAINTENANCE

Guidelines for Troubleshooting PC: 1. Identify the problem 2. Analyze the information to determine the nature and

potential causes of the problem by trying to reproduce the problem if that is possible

3. Try fundamental remedies 4. Find support 5. Follow instructions 6. Develop a solution 7. Confirm that the problem was solved 8. Document and communicate the nature of t he problem and

solution 9. Avoid similar problem in the future

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sts dubai / g10 - ict - t1 - computer hardware

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