strut-and-tie design: what they didn't teach you in school · osea 2017 fall seminar...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Strut-and-Tie Design: What They Didn't Teach You in School · OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar Strut-and-Tie Design ACI 318-14 • When muststrut-and-tie be used? o Anywhere plane sections](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021501/5ac2760f7f8b9a357e8df7ee/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
www.oksea.org OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar
Strut-and-Tie Design: What They
Didn't Teach You in School
Thomas Mendez, S.E.
WSP USA
![Page 2: Strut-and-Tie Design: What They Didn't Teach You in School · OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar Strut-and-Tie Design ACI 318-14 • When muststrut-and-tie be used? o Anywhere plane sections](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021501/5ac2760f7f8b9a357e8df7ee/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
www.oksea.org OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar
Strut-and-Tie Design
• First introduced in
Appendix A of ACI
318-02.
• Moved to Chapter
23 in ACI 318-14,
but remains largely
unchanged.
American Concrete Institute
![Page 3: Strut-and-Tie Design: What They Didn't Teach You in School · OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar Strut-and-Tie Design ACI 318-14 • When muststrut-and-tie be used? o Anywhere plane sections](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021501/5ac2760f7f8b9a357e8df7ee/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
www.oksea.org OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar
Strut-and-Tie Design
ACI 318-14
• When must strut-and-tie be used?
o Anywhere plane sections do not remain
plane (D-Regions).
o Any structural component not explicitly
mentioned in the code.
![Page 4: Strut-and-Tie Design: What They Didn't Teach You in School · OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar Strut-and-Tie Design ACI 318-14 • When muststrut-and-tie be used? o Anywhere plane sections](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021501/5ac2760f7f8b9a357e8df7ee/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
www.oksea.org OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar
Strut-and-Tie Design
• When must
strut-and-
tie be used?
ACI 318-14
![Page 5: Strut-and-Tie Design: What They Didn't Teach You in School · OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar Strut-and-Tie Design ACI 318-14 • When muststrut-and-tie be used? o Anywhere plane sections](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021501/5ac2760f7f8b9a357e8df7ee/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
www.oksea.org OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar
Strut-and-Tie Design
• When must
strut-and-
tie be used?
ACI 318-14
![Page 6: Strut-and-Tie Design: What They Didn't Teach You in School · OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar Strut-and-Tie Design ACI 318-14 • When muststrut-and-tie be used? o Anywhere plane sections](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021501/5ac2760f7f8b9a357e8df7ee/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
www.oksea.org OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar
Strut-and-Tie Design
ACI 318-14
• When may strut-and-tie be used?
o Anywhere.
![Page 7: Strut-and-Tie Design: What They Didn't Teach You in School · OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar Strut-and-Tie Design ACI 318-14 • When muststrut-and-tie be used? o Anywhere plane sections](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021501/5ac2760f7f8b9a357e8df7ee/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
www.oksea.org OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar
Strut-and-Tie Design Procedure
1. Understand how the structural component
is behaving.
2. Develop a truss model.
• Struts (compression)
• Ties (tension)
• Nodes (intersections)
![Page 8: Strut-and-Tie Design: What They Didn't Teach You in School · OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar Strut-and-Tie Design ACI 318-14 • When muststrut-and-tie be used? o Anywhere plane sections](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021501/5ac2760f7f8b9a357e8df7ee/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
www.oksea.org OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar
Strut-and-Tie Design Procedure
3. Verify truss geometry is appropriate.
• Is equilibrium satisfied?
• Are angles greater than 25 degrees?
• Do struts intersect only at nodes?
4. Analyze the truss and determine truss
member forces.
![Page 9: Strut-and-Tie Design: What They Didn't Teach You in School · OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar Strut-and-Tie Design ACI 318-14 • When muststrut-and-tie be used? o Anywhere plane sections](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021501/5ac2760f7f8b9a357e8df7ee/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
www.oksea.org OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar
Strut-and-Tie Design Procedure
5. Check design capacities of struts, ties and
nodes.
• Verify adequate As is provided in ties.
6. Verify reinforcement can be developed at
critical locations.
![Page 10: Strut-and-Tie Design: What They Didn't Teach You in School · OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar Strut-and-Tie Design ACI 318-14 • When muststrut-and-tie be used? o Anywhere plane sections](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021501/5ac2760f7f8b9a357e8df7ee/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
www.oksea.org OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar
Strut-and-Tie Design
![Page 11: Strut-and-Tie Design: What They Didn't Teach You in School · OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar Strut-and-Tie Design ACI 318-14 • When muststrut-and-tie be used? o Anywhere plane sections](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021501/5ac2760f7f8b9a357e8df7ee/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
www.oksea.org OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar
Strut-and-Tie Design Tip #1
ACI SP-208
• Use simple,
statically
determinate strut-
and-tie models.
![Page 12: Strut-and-Tie Design: What They Didn't Teach You in School · OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar Strut-and-Tie Design ACI 318-14 • When muststrut-and-tie be used? o Anywhere plane sections](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021501/5ac2760f7f8b9a357e8df7ee/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
www.oksea.org OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar
Strut-and-Tie Design Tip #1
• Use simple,
statically
determinate strut-
and-tie models.
![Page 13: Strut-and-Tie Design: What They Didn't Teach You in School · OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar Strut-and-Tie Design ACI 318-14 • When muststrut-and-tie be used? o Anywhere plane sections](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021501/5ac2760f7f8b9a357e8df7ee/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
www.oksea.org OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar
Strut-and-Tie Design Tip #1
• Use simple,
statically
determinate strut-
and-tie models.
![Page 14: Strut-and-Tie Design: What They Didn't Teach You in School · OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar Strut-and-Tie Design ACI 318-14 • When muststrut-and-tie be used? o Anywhere plane sections](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021501/5ac2760f7f8b9a357e8df7ee/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
www.oksea.org OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar
Strut-and-Tie Design Tip #1
• Use simple,
statically
determinate strut-
and-tie models.
![Page 15: Strut-and-Tie Design: What They Didn't Teach You in School · OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar Strut-and-Tie Design ACI 318-14 • When muststrut-and-tie be used? o Anywhere plane sections](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021501/5ac2760f7f8b9a357e8df7ee/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
www.oksea.org OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar
Strut-and-Tie Design Tip #1
• Use simple,
statically
determinate strut-
and-tie models.
![Page 16: Strut-and-Tie Design: What They Didn't Teach You in School · OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar Strut-and-Tie Design ACI 318-14 • When muststrut-and-tie be used? o Anywhere plane sections](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021501/5ac2760f7f8b9a357e8df7ee/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
www.oksea.org OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar
Strut-and-Tie Design Tip #2
• Node geometry
does not need
to conform to
the triangular
shapes indicated
in most design
examples.
![Page 17: Strut-and-Tie Design: What They Didn't Teach You in School · OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar Strut-and-Tie Design ACI 318-14 • When muststrut-and-tie be used? o Anywhere plane sections](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021501/5ac2760f7f8b9a357e8df7ee/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
www.oksea.org OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar
Strut-and-Tie Design Tip #2
• Node geometry
does not need
to conform to
the triangular
shapes indicated
in most design
examples.
![Page 18: Strut-and-Tie Design: What They Didn't Teach You in School · OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar Strut-and-Tie Design ACI 318-14 • When muststrut-and-tie be used? o Anywhere plane sections](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021501/5ac2760f7f8b9a357e8df7ee/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
www.oksea.org OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar
Strut-and-Tie Design Tip #3
• Prevent bottle
shaped struts
by confining
concrete with
ties.
ACI 318-14
![Page 19: Strut-and-Tie Design: What They Didn't Teach You in School · OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar Strut-and-Tie Design ACI 318-14 • When muststrut-and-tie be used? o Anywhere plane sections](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021501/5ac2760f7f8b9a357e8df7ee/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
www.oksea.org OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar
Strut-and-Tie Design Tip #3
• Prevent bottle
shaped struts
by confining
concrete with
ties.
ACI 318-14
![Page 20: Strut-and-Tie Design: What They Didn't Teach You in School · OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar Strut-and-Tie Design ACI 318-14 • When muststrut-and-tie be used? o Anywhere plane sections](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021501/5ac2760f7f8b9a357e8df7ee/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
www.oksea.org OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar
Strut-and-Tie Design Tip #3
• Prevent bottle
shaped struts
by confining
concrete with
ties.
ACI 318-11
![Page 21: Strut-and-Tie Design: What They Didn't Teach You in School · OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar Strut-and-Tie Design ACI 318-14 • When muststrut-and-tie be used? o Anywhere plane sections](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021501/5ac2760f7f8b9a357e8df7ee/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
www.oksea.org OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar
Strut-and-Tie Design Tip #4
• Use local strut-
and-tie models to
design bottle
shaped struts
when
f’c > 6,000psi.ACI 318-14
![Page 22: Strut-and-Tie Design: What They Didn't Teach You in School · OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar Strut-and-Tie Design ACI 318-14 • When muststrut-and-tie be used? o Anywhere plane sections](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021501/5ac2760f7f8b9a357e8df7ee/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
www.oksea.org OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar
Strut-and-Tie Design Tip #4
• Use local strut-
and-tie models to
design bottle
shaped struts
when
f’c > 6,000psi.
ACI 318-14
![Page 23: Strut-and-Tie Design: What They Didn't Teach You in School · OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar Strut-and-Tie Design ACI 318-14 • When muststrut-and-tie be used? o Anywhere plane sections](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021501/5ac2760f7f8b9a357e8df7ee/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
www.oksea.org OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar
Strut-and-Tie Design Tip #4
• Use local strut-
and-tie models to
design bottle
shaped struts
when
f’c > 6,000psi.
ACI Structural Journal/November-December 2006
![Page 24: Strut-and-Tie Design: What They Didn't Teach You in School · OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar Strut-and-Tie Design ACI 318-14 • When muststrut-and-tie be used? o Anywhere plane sections](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021501/5ac2760f7f8b9a357e8df7ee/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
www.oksea.org OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar
Strut-and-Tie Design Tip #4
• Use local strut-
and-tie models to
design bottle
shaped struts
when
f’c > 6,000psi.
ACI Structural Journal/November-December 2006
![Page 25: Strut-and-Tie Design: What They Didn't Teach You in School · OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar Strut-and-Tie Design ACI 318-14 • When muststrut-and-tie be used? o Anywhere plane sections](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021501/5ac2760f7f8b9a357e8df7ee/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
www.oksea.org OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar
Strut-and-Tie Design Tip #5
• Be careful with
"incomplete" or
"partial" strut and
tie models.
![Page 26: Strut-and-Tie Design: What They Didn't Teach You in School · OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar Strut-and-Tie Design ACI 318-14 • When muststrut-and-tie be used? o Anywhere plane sections](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021501/5ac2760f7f8b9a357e8df7ee/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
www.oksea.org OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar
Strut-and-Tie Design Tip #5
• Be careful with
"incomplete" or
"partial" strut and
tie models.
![Page 27: Strut-and-Tie Design: What They Didn't Teach You in School · OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar Strut-and-Tie Design ACI 318-14 • When muststrut-and-tie be used? o Anywhere plane sections](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021501/5ac2760f7f8b9a357e8df7ee/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
www.oksea.org OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar
Strut-and-Tie Design Tip #6
ACI 318-14
• Don't consider steel plates with welded reinforcement as act as a compression face of a CCC node.
![Page 28: Strut-and-Tie Design: What They Didn't Teach You in School · OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar Strut-and-Tie Design ACI 318-14 • When muststrut-and-tie be used? o Anywhere plane sections](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021501/5ac2760f7f8b9a357e8df7ee/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
www.oksea.org OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar
Strut-and-Tie Design Tip #6
• Don't consider steel plates with welded reinforcement as act as a compression face of a CCC node.
![Page 29: Strut-and-Tie Design: What They Didn't Teach You in School · OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar Strut-and-Tie Design ACI 318-14 • When muststrut-and-tie be used? o Anywhere plane sections](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021501/5ac2760f7f8b9a357e8df7ee/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
www.oksea.org OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar
Strut-and-Tie Design Tip #7
• Discretize load
transfers at
intersections.
![Page 30: Strut-and-Tie Design: What They Didn't Teach You in School · OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar Strut-and-Tie Design ACI 318-14 • When muststrut-and-tie be used? o Anywhere plane sections](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021501/5ac2760f7f8b9a357e8df7ee/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
www.oksea.org OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar
Strut-and-Tie Design Tip #7
• Discretize load
transfers at
intersections.
![Page 31: Strut-and-Tie Design: What They Didn't Teach You in School · OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar Strut-and-Tie Design ACI 318-14 • When muststrut-and-tie be used? o Anywhere plane sections](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021501/5ac2760f7f8b9a357e8df7ee/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
www.oksea.org OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar
Strut-and-Tie Design Tip #7
• Discretize load
transfers at
intersections.
![Page 32: Strut-and-Tie Design: What They Didn't Teach You in School · OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar Strut-and-Tie Design ACI 318-14 • When muststrut-and-tie be used? o Anywhere plane sections](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021501/5ac2760f7f8b9a357e8df7ee/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
www.oksea.org OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar
Strut-and-Tie Design Tip #7
• Discretize load
transfers at
intersections.
![Page 33: Strut-and-Tie Design: What They Didn't Teach You in School · OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar Strut-and-Tie Design ACI 318-14 • When muststrut-and-tie be used? o Anywhere plane sections](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021501/5ac2760f7f8b9a357e8df7ee/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
www.oksea.org OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar
Strut-and-Tie Design Tip #7
• Discretize load
transfers at
intersections.
![Page 34: Strut-and-Tie Design: What They Didn't Teach You in School · OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar Strut-and-Tie Design ACI 318-14 • When muststrut-and-tie be used? o Anywhere plane sections](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021501/5ac2760f7f8b9a357e8df7ee/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
www.oksea.org OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar
Strut-and-Tie Design Tip #7
• Discretize load
transfers at
intersections.
ACI 318-14
![Page 35: Strut-and-Tie Design: What They Didn't Teach You in School · OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar Strut-and-Tie Design ACI 318-14 • When muststrut-and-tie be used? o Anywhere plane sections](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021501/5ac2760f7f8b9a357e8df7ee/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
www.oksea.org OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar
Strut-and-Tie Design Tip #7
• Discretize load
transfers at
intersections.
![Page 36: Strut-and-Tie Design: What They Didn't Teach You in School · OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar Strut-and-Tie Design ACI 318-14 • When muststrut-and-tie be used? o Anywhere plane sections](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021501/5ac2760f7f8b9a357e8df7ee/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
www.oksea.org OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar
Strut-and-Tie Design Tip #8
• Understand
how struts
may form in
tension zones.
ACI 318-14
![Page 37: Strut-and-Tie Design: What They Didn't Teach You in School · OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar Strut-and-Tie Design ACI 318-14 • When muststrut-and-tie be used? o Anywhere plane sections](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021501/5ac2760f7f8b9a357e8df7ee/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
www.oksea.org OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar
Strut-and-Tie Design Tip #8
• Understand how struts may form in tension
zones.
Reinforced Concrete,
James Wight
![Page 38: Strut-and-Tie Design: What They Didn't Teach You in School · OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar Strut-and-Tie Design ACI 318-14 • When muststrut-and-tie be used? o Anywhere plane sections](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021501/5ac2760f7f8b9a357e8df7ee/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
www.oksea.org OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar
Strut-and-Tie Design Tip #8
• Understand how struts may form in tension
zones.
Reinforced Concrete,
James Wight
![Page 39: Strut-and-Tie Design: What They Didn't Teach You in School · OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar Strut-and-Tie Design ACI 318-14 • When muststrut-and-tie be used? o Anywhere plane sections](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021501/5ac2760f7f8b9a357e8df7ee/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
www.oksea.org OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar
Strut-and-Tie Design Tip #9
• Be mindful of
potential
construction
joints crossing
struts.
![Page 40: Strut-and-Tie Design: What They Didn't Teach You in School · OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar Strut-and-Tie Design ACI 318-14 • When muststrut-and-tie be used? o Anywhere plane sections](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021501/5ac2760f7f8b9a357e8df7ee/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
www.oksea.org OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar
Strut-and-Tie Design Tip #9
• Be mindful of
potential
construction
joints crossing
struts.
![Page 41: Strut-and-Tie Design: What They Didn't Teach You in School · OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar Strut-and-Tie Design ACI 318-14 • When muststrut-and-tie be used? o Anywhere plane sections](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021501/5ac2760f7f8b9a357e8df7ee/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
www.oksea.org OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar
Strut-and-Tie Design Tip #9
• Be mindful of
potential
construction
joints crossing
struts.
![Page 42: Strut-and-Tie Design: What They Didn't Teach You in School · OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar Strut-and-Tie Design ACI 318-14 • When muststrut-and-tie be used? o Anywhere plane sections](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021501/5ac2760f7f8b9a357e8df7ee/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
www.oksea.org OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar
Strut-and-Tie Design Tip #10
• Don’t forget
about self
weight.
![Page 43: Strut-and-Tie Design: What They Didn't Teach You in School · OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar Strut-and-Tie Design ACI 318-14 • When muststrut-and-tie be used? o Anywhere plane sections](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021501/5ac2760f7f8b9a357e8df7ee/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
www.oksea.org OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar
Strut-and-Tie Design Tip #11
• Use
mechanical
terminators
to reduce
congestion.
![Page 44: Strut-and-Tie Design: What They Didn't Teach You in School · OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar Strut-and-Tie Design ACI 318-14 • When muststrut-and-tie be used? o Anywhere plane sections](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021501/5ac2760f7f8b9a357e8df7ee/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
www.oksea.org OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar
Strut-and-Tie Design Tip #11
• Use
mechanical
terminators
to reduce
congestion.
![Page 45: Strut-and-Tie Design: What They Didn't Teach You in School · OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar Strut-and-Tie Design ACI 318-14 • When muststrut-and-tie be used? o Anywhere plane sections](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021501/5ac2760f7f8b9a357e8df7ee/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
www.oksea.org OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar
Strut-and-Tie Design Tip #11
• Use
mechanical
terminators
to reduce
congestion.
![Page 46: Strut-and-Tie Design: What They Didn't Teach You in School · OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar Strut-and-Tie Design ACI 318-14 • When muststrut-and-tie be used? o Anywhere plane sections](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021501/5ac2760f7f8b9a357e8df7ee/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
www.oksea.org OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar
Strut-and-Tie Design Tip #12
• Don’t allow shear stress to exceed 10 ���.
ACI 318-11
![Page 47: Strut-and-Tie Design: What They Didn't Teach You in School · OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar Strut-and-Tie Design ACI 318-14 • When muststrut-and-tie be used? o Anywhere plane sections](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021501/5ac2760f7f8b9a357e8df7ee/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
www.oksea.org OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar
Strut-and-Tie Design Tip #12
• Don’t allow shear stress to exceed 10 ���.
ACI 318-14
![Page 48: Strut-and-Tie Design: What They Didn't Teach You in School · OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar Strut-and-Tie Design ACI 318-14 • When muststrut-and-tie be used? o Anywhere plane sections](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021501/5ac2760f7f8b9a357e8df7ee/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
www.oksea.org OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar
Strut-and-Tie Design Tip #13
• Don’t forget about serviceability and/or
stability.
![Page 49: Strut-and-Tie Design: What They Didn't Teach You in School · OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar Strut-and-Tie Design ACI 318-14 • When muststrut-and-tie be used? o Anywhere plane sections](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021501/5ac2760f7f8b9a357e8df7ee/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
www.oksea.org OSEA 2017 Fall Seminar
Questions?
ACI Structural Journal/November-December 2006