Struggles for Democracy Journal #52 Why do so many people want democracy? Why do so many people want democracy? What rights are necessary for a government to be democratic? What rights are necessary for a government to be democratic? How do citizens participate in a democracy? How do citizens participate in a democracy? Essential Question: What are the challenges of traditional Western democratic values taking hold in other regions of the world? Essential Question: What are the challenges of traditional Western democratic values taking hold in other regions of the world? Basic Democracy Our class is going on a field trip to a restaurant! Our class is going on a field trip to a restaurant! Rules: Rules: We will choose one restaurant. We will choose one restaurant. Everyone must agree on which one restaurant to go to. Everyone must agree on which one restaurant to go to. First you will read restaurant reviews and vote on your top two choices. First you will read restaurant reviews and vote on your top two choices. Then, you will have time to discuss and come to a decision as a class. Then, you will have time to discuss and come to a decision as a class. Techniques Deliberation Deliberation Negotiation Negotiation Debrief How and why did students differ in their original opinions? How and why did students differ in their original opinions? How was deliberation used, and how important was it in the decision? How was deliberation used, and how important was it in the decision? How was negotiation used, and how important was it in the decision? How was negotiation used, and how important was it in the decision? How was a decision finally made? How was a decision finally made? Debrief Why did the minority agree to go along with the majority? Why did the minority agree to go along with the majority? How do you feel about the process and decision? Was the process fair? Was the decision fair? How do you feel about the process and decision? Was the process fair? Was the decision fair? What are the challenges of working an issue out democratically? The benefits? What are the challenges of working an issue out democratically? The benefits? Class definition of democracy Democracy Defined Government by the people Government by the people Direct democracy is not practical Direct democracy is not practical More than a form of government More than a form of government Way of life Way of life An ideal goal An ideal goal A process that takes years A process that takes years A work in progress A work in progress Democracy as a goal Can one nation fore another nation to become democratic? Can one nation fore another nation to become democratic? No: Democratization is an organic (natural) process No: Democratization is an organic (natural) process Yes: With enough financial and human resources, it might be possible. Yes: With enough financial and human resources, it might be possible. Making Democracy Work Common practices Common practices Free elections Free elections Citizen participation Citizen participation Majority rule, minority rights Majority rule, minority rights Constitutional government Constitutional government Your task For each of these common practices, there are certain conditions that foster these practices. For each of these common practices, there are certain conditions that foster these practices. Fill out this information in your charts and then give an example (or non-example) about how the practice is shown in American democracy. Fill out this information in your charts and then give an example (or non-example) about how the practice is shown in American democracy. Conditions that Foster Democracy Free elections Free elections Having more than one political party Having more than one political party Universal suffrageall adult citizens can vote Universal suffrageall adult citizens can vote Conditions that Foster Democracy Citizen Participation Citizen Participation High levels of education and literacy High levels of education and literacy Economic security Economic security Freedoms of speech, press, assembly Freedoms of speech, press, assembly Conditions that Foster Democracy Majority rule, minority rights Majority rule, minority rights All citizens equal before the law All citizens equal before the law Shared national identity Shared national identity Protection of such individual rights as freedom of religion Protection of such individual rights as freedom of religion Representatives elected by citizens to carry out their will Representatives elected by citizens to carry out their will Conditions that Foster Democracy Constitutional Government Constitutional Government Clear body of traditions and laws on which government is based Clear body of traditions and laws on which government is based Widespread education about how government works Widespread education about how government works National acceptance of majority decisions National acceptance of majority decisions Shared belief that no one is above the law Shared belief that no one is above the law Democracy Project For each of the countries in Chapter 19, you are going to assess how well it has succeeded at establishing a democracy. For each of the countries in Chapter 19, you are going to assess how well it has succeeded at establishing a democracy. You will be grading your country according to the criteria of a democracy. You will be grading your country according to the criteria of a democracy. How close has each nation come to achieving democracy? How close has each nation come to achieving democracy? Journal #53 Where and when do you think this photograph was taken? (hint: 19-2) What are some examples of segregation (separation based on race) in modern history? Apartheid in South Africa National Party made up of Afrikaners (white Dutch settlers) came into power in 1948 National Party made up of Afrikaners (white Dutch settlers) came into power in 1948 Started apartheid, complete separation of the races Started apartheid, complete separation of the races Whites had complete control of government, land, school, and voting (black Africans could not vote) Whites had complete control of government, land, school, and voting (black Africans could not vote) Opposition from the African National Congress (ANC) Opposition from the African National Congress (ANC) Apartheid Read the handouts Quick Guide to Apartheid and Apartheid in Practice. Read the handouts Quick Guide to Apartheid and Apartheid in Practice. Based on American values, what do you find most upsetting? Why? Based on American values, what do you find most upsetting? Why? How would you feel living under these restrictions? How would you feel living under these restrictions? How did conditions compare to the treatment of African Americans in the US? How did conditions compare to the treatment of African Americans in the US? End of Apartheid Nelson Mandela, ANC leader, was put in prison for 27 years Nelson Mandela, ANC leader, was put in prison for 27 years F.W. de Klerk became president in 1989 F.W. de Klerk became president in 1989 Released Mandela, ended apartheid, and gave all South Africans the right to vote Released Mandela, ended apartheid, and gave all South Africans the right to vote 1994: First free elections, Mandela became president 1994: First free elections, Mandela became president Nelson Mandela Voting Line Journal #54 What was apartheid? No peeking at your notes! What was apartheid? No peeking at your notes! What was one apartheid law you remember from yesterday? What was one apartheid law you remember from yesterday? Journal #55 What big event is this map depicting? How do you know? Hint: Review 19-3! End of the Cold War Were here! The Cold War ends in 1991 with the breakup of the Soviet Union Were here! The Cold War ends in 1991 with the breakup of the Soviet Union How and why did this happen? How and why did this happen? Starting with Gorbachev Starting with Gorbachev Mikhail Gorbachev Last Soviet leader Last Soviet leader Gorbachevs Reforms Glastnost (1985): Openness Glastnost (1985): Openness Freedom of information and ideas Freedom of information and ideas New freedoms of speech, press New freedoms of speech, press Release of political prisoners Release of political prisoners Perestroika (1985): Economic restructuring Perestroika (1985): Economic restructuring People had more control over farms, factories People had more control over farms, factories Allowed to open small businesses Allowed to open small businesses More democratic rights, freer elections More democratic rights, freer elections In your journals As you watch the film clip, write in your journals what consequences you see of Gorbachevs reforms. As you watch the film clip, write in your journals what consequences you see of Gorbachevs reforms. Gorbachevs Foreign Policy Worked with Reagan to end arms race Worked with Reagan to end arms race Consequences Parts of the Soviet Union demanded their freedom and broke up Parts of the Soviet Union demanded their freedom and broke up Coup against Gorbachev failed Coup against Gorbachev failed Boris Yeltsin elected president of Russia; Soviet Union turned into the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Boris Yeltsin elected president of Russia; Soviet Union turned into the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Shock Therapy: Shift from Communism to free markets Shock Therapy: Shift from Communism to free markets End of Communism in Eastern Europe Poland: Poland: Solidarity: Labor union Solidarity: Labor union Lech Walesa: Solidarity leader Lech Walesa: Solidarity leader 1989: Walesa democratically elected president 1989: Walesa democratically elected president Germany Germany 1989: Fall of the Berlin Wall 1989: Fall of the Berlin Wall 1990: East and West Germany united 1990: East and West Germany united Berlin Wall Viewing Questions 1. Why was the Berlin Wall constructed? 1. Why was the Berlin Wall constructed? 2. How did people try to escape? 2. How did people try to escape? 3. How did the wall come down? 3. How did the wall come down? Journal #56 What major events happened in the year 1989? Why was 1989 such a significant year for democracy? What major events happened in the year 1989? Why was 1989 such a significant year for democracy? Hint: We learned about one major event last class, and today we will learn about another! Hint: We learned about one major event last class, and today we will learn about another! Terms for todays lesson Tiananmen Square: June 4, 1989 Tiananmen Square: June 4, 1989 Student uprising for democracy that led to a government crackdown and massacre Student uprising for democracy that led to a government crackdown and massacre Economic freedoms, but no political freedoms: Situation in modern day China Economic freedoms, but no political freedoms: Situation in modern day China Modern Day China: Article Read and highlight the article. Read and highlight the article. Write two comments in the margins. Write two comments in the margins. Ask one thought provoking question at the end of the article. Ask one thought provoking question at the end of the article. Discuss with a partner. Discuss with a partner. The Tank Man Who was the Tank Man? Why is he famous and what does he represent? Who was the Tank Man? Why is he famous and what does he represent? Describe the Two Chinas. Describe the Two Chinas. How did the college students react to the Tank Man photograph? Why? How did the college students react to the Tank Man photograph? Why? How does an internet search of Tiananmen Square differ in the US and China? Why? How does an internet search of Tiananmen Square differ in the US and China? Why? Censorship Activity Read the article. Read the article. With a partner, censor the article. With a partner, censor the article. Answer the two questions on your handout individually. Answer the two questions on your handout individually. Journal #57 How does Tiananmen Square compare with the fall of the Berlin Wall? What is one similarity and one difference? How does Tiananmen Square compare with the fall of the Berlin Wall? What is one similarity and one difference?