structure & syllabus of b.tech. (chemical engineering) · pdf filech490thp: mass transfer...

Issue 01: Rev No. 1: Dt. 24/03/17 FF No: 654

Structure & Syllabus of B.Tech., Chemical Engineering – Pattern A14, rev07/04/17 of 45

Bansilal Ramnath Agarwal Charitable Trust’s

Vishwakarma Institute of Technology (An Autonomous Institute affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University)

Structure & Syllabus of

B.Tech. (Chemical Engineering) Pattern ‘A14’

Effective from Academic Year 2017-18

Prepared by: - Board of Studies in Chemical Engineering

Approved by: - Academic Board, Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune

Signed by,

Chairman – BOS Chairman – Academic Board



Contents

Module VIII, FINAL YEAR B.TECH. Chemical Engineering ........................................................... 3 Internship Module VIII, FINAL YAER B.TECH. Chemical Engineering .......................................... 3 OR Semester Module 3

CH479THP: PROCESS MODELING AND SIMULATION .......................................................... 4

CH480THP: PETROLEUM REFINING ......................................................................................... 6 CH487THP: ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY.................................................................................... 8 CH488THP:NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ...................................................... 10

CH489THP: CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OPTIMIZATION .................................................... 12

CH490THP: MASS TRANSFER WITH CHEMICAL REACTIONS .......................................... 14

CH491THP: GREEN CHEMISTRY ............................................................................................. 16 CH492THP: ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ......................................................................... 18 CH493TH: SURFACE ENGINEERING OF NANOMATERIALS .............................................. 20

CH494TH: BIOREACTORS ......................................................................................................... 22 CH495TH: WASTE TO ENERGY CONVERSION ..................................................................... 24

CH496TH: ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES ................................................................................. 26 CH497TH: FOUNDATION OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS ............................... 27

CH498TH: TRANSPORT PROCESSES IN HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER ............................ 29

CH499TH: ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY ........................................................................... 31 CH478PRJ: PROJECT ................................................................................................................... 33

CH477INT: INTERNSHIP ............................................................................................................ 34



Module VIII, FINAL YEAR B.TECH. Chemical Engineeri ng Course No.

Course Code

Course Name Contact Hours / Week Credits

Th. Proj. Based Lab

Regular Lab

S1 CH479THP Process Modelling and simulation 3

2 4 CH480THP Petroleum Refining CH487THP Analytical Chemistry CH488THP Non-conventional Energy Sources

S2 CH489THP

Chemical Engineering Optimization

3 2 4

CH490THP

Mass Transfer with Chemical Reactions

CH491THP Green Chemistry CH492THP Environmental Pollution

S3 CH493TH Surface Engineering of nanomaterials

4 4

CH494TH Bio-reactors CH495TH Waste to energy Conversion CH496TH Environmental Studies

S4 CH497TH Computational Fluid Dynamics 4

4 CH498TH Transport Processes in heat and

mass transfer CH499TH Environmental Chemistry

PROJ CH478PRJ Project 10 5 Total 14 4 10 21

OR

Internship Module VIII, FINAL YAER B.TECH. Chemical Engineering Course No.

Course Code Course Name Contact Hours / Week

Credits

Th. Proj. Based Lab

Regular Lab

Internship CH477INT Internship 30 21 Total 30 21



CH479THP: PROCESS MODELING AND SIMULATION

Credits: 04 Teaching Scheme: 5 Hours / Week

Unit 1: Introduction to Modeling and Fundamental Laws (5 Hours) Introduction, definition of Modeling and simulation, different types of models, application of mathematical modeling, scope of coverage, Continuity equation, energy equation, equation of motion, transport equation, equation of state, phase and chemical equilibrium, chemical kinetics Unit 2: Heat Transfer and Other Equipments (7 Hours) Heat exchangers, evaporators, agitated vessels, pressure change equipments, mixing process, fluid – solid operations Unit 3: Reaction Equipments (7 Hours) Batch reactor, Semi batch reactor, Continuous stirred tank reactor, Plug flow reactor, Slurry reactor, Trickle bed reactor, Bubble column reactor, Packed column reactor Unit 4: Mass Transfer Equipments (7 Hours) Flash distillation, differential distillation, continuous binary distillation in tray and packed column, vaporizers, single phase and multiphase separation, multi-component separation, Unit 5: Solid, liquid, gas interaction (7 Hours) Modeling of Dryer, adsorber, absorber, extractors, Bioreactors, Reactors used in effluent treatments, Fluidized bed reactor Unit 6: Applications and Solution of Mathematical Modeling (7Hours) Applications of modeling and simulation in distillation, Transient analysis of staged absorbers, unsteady state analysis in reactor system, Use of numerical methods to solve different models, The analysis and modeling of chemical processes using either a mechanistic or an empirical input/output approach List of projects:

1. Modeling and simulation for heat exchanger e.g. Pinch analysis 2. Modeling and simulation of chemical reactor for various reaction scheme 3. Modeling and simulation of chemical reactor with heat effect 4. Modeling and simulation of distillation column to study effect of variables

Text Books: 1. Luyben W. L., “Process Modeling Simulation and Control for Chemical Engineers”, 1988. 2. John Ingam, Irving J. Dunn., Chemical Engineering Dynamic Modeling with PC simulation”,

VCH Publishers. Reference Books: 1. Davis M. E., “Numerical Methods and Modeling for Chemical Engineers” , Wiley, New York,

1984. 2. Chapra S.C., R.P. Canale, “Numerical Methods for Engineers”, McGraw-Hill Publishing



Company Limited, New Delhi, India, 2000. 3. Himmelblau D., K.B. Bischoff, “Process Analysis and Simulation”, , John wiley & Sons. 2000 4. Franks R.E.G., “Modeling and Simulation in Chemical Engineering”, Wiley Intrscience, NY.

2000. Course Outcomes: The student will be able to

1. Understand basics of modeling and simulation of chemical processes. 2. Comprehend modeling of heat exchanger equipment, mixing process for design 3. Understand modeling of two phase multicomponent interaction in equipment. 4. Comprehend modeling of chemical reactors and simulation with modern software. 5. Applying modeling for practical situation analysis 6. Comprehend design of reactor for biological system.



CH480THP: PETROLEUM REFINING


Unit I: Petroleum and Products (8 Hours) Petroleum composition, specifications of petroleum and some petroleum products such as LPG, Gasoline, Kerosene, Diesel oil and Engine oil. Unit II: Pre-refining Operations (8 Hours) Pre- refining operations such as, Settling, Moisture removal, Storage, Heating through exchangers and pipe seal heaters, Atmospheric distillation, Vacuum distillation. Unit III: Reforming and Cracking Units (6 Hours) Significant conversion units such as, Reforming, Catalytic-Cracking, Hydro-cracking. Unit IV: Coking and Additives Production (6 Hours) Coking and Thermal Processes: Delayed coking, Flexicoking, Fluid coking. Additives Production: Ether and Isobutylene production. Unit V: Product Refining (6 Hours) Refining of petroleum products such as Acid refining, Chemical refining, Hydro-refining, HDS, HDM, HAD. Unit VI: Post Production Operations (6 Hours) Blending, Additives, Storage of products, Transportation, Housekeeping, Marketing of petroleum and petroleum products.Safety norms for petroleum products. List of Project areas: 1. Design of pipe still heaters and multi-component distillation column. 2. Plant design of refinery processes. 3. Determination of properties of petrochemical product. Text Books: 1. Gary James, Handwerk, Glenn, Kaiser, Mark; Petroleum Refining: Technology and Economics;

5th Edition, Taylor and Francis - CRC Press, 2005. 2. Nelson W. L.; Petroleum refinery Engineering; 3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons New York, 1985 Reference Books: 1. Meyers R. A.; Handbook of Petroleum refining processes; 3rd Edition, H Prentice-Hall, 2003. 2. Speight J. G.; Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum; 4th Edition, Taylor and Francis - CRC

Press, 1999.



Course Outcomes: The student will be able to – 1. Find out composition, main characteristics and new trends of petroleum products. 2. Select pre-refining operation depending on feed composition. 3. Describe cracking and reforming processes. 4. Describe coking and additive production processes. 5. Select product refining operations to increase quality of petroleum products. 6. Develop knowledge of safety during storage, transportation and marketing of petroleum product.



CH487THP: ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY Credits: 4 Teaching Scheme: 5 Hours / Week

Unit 1: Title of the Unit : Conductometric & Potentiometry ( 7 Hours) Introduction to Analytical Chemistry, Conductometric titrations – General concept and basis of conductometric titrations, apparatus and measurement of conductivity, Applications of direct conductometric measurements.Standard and formal potentials, types of electrodes. Glass membrane, precipitate and solid state electrodes, liquid membrane electrodes, mechanism of electrode, response and evaluation of selectivity coefficient, application of ion-selective electrodes. Methods manual titrimeters and automated titrators, Direct potentiometry and potentiometric titrations including differential methods, acid – base titrations in non-aqueous systems Unit 2: Title of the Unit : Amperometry and Polarography ( 7 Hours) Theory, apparatus, DME, diffusion and kinetic and catalytic currents, current – voltage curves for reversible and irrerversible systems, qualitative and quantitative applications of polarography to organic and inorganic systems. Derivative polarography, Test polarography, Pulse polarography – Normal and derivative, square wave polarography and AC polarography. Linear sweep and cyclic voltammetry, anodic and cathodic stripping voltammetry. Amperometric titrations – Theory, apparatus, types of titration curves, successive titrations and two indicator electrodes – applications. Technique of amperometric titrations with the dropping mercury electrode – Titration with the rotating platinum microelectrode. Examples of amperometric titrations using a single polarized electrode Unit 3: Title of the Unit : Electrogravimetry and Colulometry ( 7 Hours) Theory. Faraday’s laws, coulometers – types of macro and micro techniques, coulometric titrations, external and insitu generation, coulogravimetry and applications, Elementary aspects of chronocoulometry. Electrogravimetry – Theory of electrogravimetry , order of deposition, over potential, polarization curves, constant potential and consecutive deposition, selective deposition, constant current deposition, assembly of electrode and deposition of complex ions. Unit 4: Title of the Unit : Basic Separation Techniques ( 7 Hours) General aspects of separation techniques – Role of separation technique in analysis, Classification choice of separation method distribution processes Extraction – Distribution law and derivation, solvents and their choice, techniques – batch and continuous, multiple extraction, column and their choice, extraction of solids and their applications. Solvent micro-extraction - In-vial liquid–liquid extraction (in-vial LLE), - Single-drop micro-extraction (SDME), Liquid-phase micro-extraction (LPME), Liquid–liquid–liquid micro-extraction (LLLME), Sorption micro-extraction and liquid desorption - Solid-phase extraction (SPE), - In-tube solid-phase micro-extraction (in-tube SPME), Fiber-in-tube solid-phase extraction (fiber-in-tube SPE), Single short column (SSC), Solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME), Thermal desorption - Solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME), Stir-bar-sorptive extraction (SBSE), Matrix solid-phase dispersion - Matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD), Enhanced fluid/solvent extraction - Supercritical-fluid extraction (SFE), Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), Subcritical-water extraction (SWE), Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), Sonication-assisted solvent extraction (SASE), Thermal desorption from solids - Direct thermal desorption (DTD) GPC and UPLC



Gel permeation chromatography – Instrumentation, heterogeneity factor, determination of molecular weights - weight average and number average, analytical and industrial applications. New development in chromatography – Plasma chromatography, super critical fluid chromatography, Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography – Theory and Practice, Lab-on-a-chip – introduction, merits, limitations, applications vis-à-vis conventional techniques, Classical Extraction and Chromatographic techniques Unit 5: Title of the Unit : Microscopy ( 6 Hours) Chemical microscopy – Microscope – Parts and optical path: Numerical aperture and significance. Techniques – Kofler’s hot stage microscope, fluorescence, polarizing, interference and phase microscopy, application and qualitative and quantitative study. Electron microscopy – SEM, TEM, AFM - Principle, Microscope and its operation, sample preparation, replicas, shadowing, application to analysis, electron probe analyzer, ion microscope Unit 6: Title of the Unit : Metallography ( 6 Hours) Metallurgical microscopic examination, specimen preparation and examination, interpretation of micrographs, other analytical techniques for metallurgical examination List of Project areas: 1. Conductometric exercises based on unit I 2. Spectrophotometry based exercise based on Unit II 3. Study of Extraction techniques based on Unit III 4. Chromatographic exercises based on Unit IV Text Books: 1. Willard, Merit Dean and Settle; Instrumental Methods of Analysis; IV, CBS Publishers and

Distributors, 1986. 2. Kealey, Blackie; Experiments in Modern Analytical Chemistry; Chapman & Hall, 1986. Reference Books: 1. J.G. Dick; Analytical Chemistry; McGraw Hill Publishers, 1974. 2. D.A. Skoog; Principles of Instrumental Analysis; Saunders College Pub. Co, III Edn, 1985. Course Outcomes: The student will be able to –

1. Identify the technique to be employed for the characterization of a given sample 2. Develop suitable extraction technique for sample preparation 3. Calculate unknown concentration of the target analyte selectively in a given sample 4. Test the samples for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the analytes 5. Develop methods for the separation and quantification of samples using chromatography 6. Develop analytical ability to solve problems in the analytical world.



CH488THP:NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES


Unit I: Introduction (8 Hours) Energy scene of supply and demand in India and the world, energy consumption in various sectors, potential of non-conventional energy resources. Unit II: Solar Energy (8 Hours) Solar radiation and its measurement, limitations in the applications of Solar Energy, Solar collectors – types, and constructional details. Solar water heating, applications of Solar Energy for heating, drying, space cooling, water desalination, solar concentrators Unit III: Bio fuels (6 Hours) Importance, combustion, pyrolysis and other thermo chemical processes for biomass utilization. Alcoholic fermentation Unit IV: Wind and Tidal Power (6 Hours) Wind Power: Principle of energy from wind, windmill construction and operational details and electricity generation and mechanical power production. Tidal Power: Its meaning, causes of tides and their energy potential, enhancement of tides, power generation from tides and problems. Principles of ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) analysis Unit V: Geothermal Energy, Energy Storage and Distribution (6 Hours) Geo technical wells and other resources dry rock and hot aquifer analysis Importance, biochemical, chemical, thermal, electric storage. Fuel cells Unit VI: Energy scenario (6 Hours) Indian energy scenario, renewable energy utilization status in the world, cumulative achievements of renewable energy in India. Project Areas: 1. Brief description of solar energy storage. 2. Study of biogas production by anaerobic digestion of wastes 3. Sizing of heat exchangers for OTEC. Text Books: 1. G.D. Rai; “Non-conventional Energy Sources”; Khanna Publishers, 2004. 2. S.P. Sukhatme, J.K. Nayak; “Solar Energy: Principles of Thermal Collection and Storage”;

McGraw-Hill, 2009. 3. G.D. Rai; “Solar energy utilization”; Khanna Publishers, 2000.



Reference Books:

1. J. Twiddle, T. Weir; “Renewable Energy Resources”; Cambridge University Press, 1986. 2. F. Kreith, J.F. Kreider; “Principles of Solar Engineering”; McGraw Hill, 1978. 3. J. A.Duffie, W.A. Beckman; “Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes”; John Wiley, 1980. 4. N. Veziroglu; “Alternative Energy Sources Volumes 5 & 6”; McGraw-Hill, 1978. 5. S. Sarkar; “Fuels and Combustion”; Orient Longman, 2nded, 1989. 6. P.L. Diwakar Rao; “Energy Conservation Handbook”; Utility Publication Ltd., 1988. Course Outcomes: The student will be able to – 1. Quantify energy scene of supply and demand in India and the world. 2. Identify limitations in the applications of Solar Energy and different types of concentrators. 3. Analyse different types of process of generating biogas and advanced technologies. 4. Analyse the Wind and Tidal Power resources for generating electricity. 5. Identify the energy generation from geothermal sources.



CH489THP: CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OPTIMIZATION Credits: 4 Teaching Scheme: 5 Hours/Week

Unit 1: Introduction (5 Hours) Introduction to process optimization; formulation of various process optimization problems and their classification, basic concepts of optimization-convex and concave functions, necessary and sufficient conditions for stationary points. Unit 2: Unconstrained One Dimensional Optimization (7 Hours) Optimization of one dimensional functions, Bracketing methods: Exhaustive search method, Bounding phase method. Region elimination methods: Interval halving method, Fibonacci search method, Golden section search method. Unit 3: Unconstrained Multi Variable Optimization (7 Hours) Optimality criteria, Direct search methods: Evolutionary optimization method, Powell’s conjugate direction method. Gradient-based methods: Cauchy’s (steepest descent) method, Newton’s method. Unit 4: Constrained Linear Optimization Algorithms (7 Hours) Kuhn-Tucker conditions, Transformation methods: Penalty function method, method of multipliers, Sensitivity analysis, Direct search for constraint minimization: Variable elimination method, complex search method. Unit 5: Constrained Non-Linear Optimization Algorit hms (7 Hours) Software assisted methods for solution of non-linear objective functions and/or constraints, MS Solver utility. Unit 6: Optimization with Libraries and Packages (7 Hours) Excel for linear and non-liner optimization, MATLAB functions and utilities for optimization, List of Project areas: 1. Unconstrained multivariable optimization 2. Linear programming and applications 3. Optimization with libraries and packages Text Books: 1. T.F.Edgar and D.M.Himmelblau, optimization of chemical processes, McGraw Hill International editions, Chemical engineering series, 1989. 2. Kalyanmoy Deb ,Optimization for engineering design, Prentice Hall of India,2008. Reference Books: 1. G.S. Beveridge and R.S. Schechter, Optimization theory and practice, McGraw Hill, Newyork, 1970. 2. Rekllitis, G.V., Ravindran, A., and Ragdell, K.M., Engineering Optimization- Methods and Applications, John Wiley, New York, 1983. 3. S.S. Rao, Optimization Theory and Applications, Associated Press, 2009.



Course Outcomes: The student will be able to –

1. Formulate engineering optimization problem from plant data. 2. Solve one dimensional unconstrained optimization problems. 3. Solve multi-dimensional unconstrained optimization problems. 4. Solve multi variable linear constrained optimization problems. 5. Solve multi variable non-linear constrained optimization problems. 6. Apply specific software / packages to solve optimization problems.



CH490THP: MASS TRANSFER WITH CHEMICAL REACTIONS Credits: 04 Teaching Scheme: 5 Hours / Week

Unit 1: Introductions (5 Hours) Different types of reactions with industrial examples, catalyst kinetics and reaction modeling, diffusion in solid catalysts, Slow reaction Unit 2: Pore diffusion (7 Hours) Role of pore diffusion in simple and complex reactions, Absorption of gas into two reactants Unit 3: External mass transfer (7Hours) Role of external mass transfer, mass transfer limitation effect, catalyst deactivation and experimental methods in catalytic kinetics, Estimation of effective transport properties for external mass transfer Unit 4: Mass transfer accompanied by reversible and irreversible reactions (7 hours) Various regimes for mass transfer with irreversible and irreversible reactions and governing equations, Absorption and reaction of two gases. Unit 5: Fluid-Fluid system with solid catalyst (7Hours) Slurry reactor kinetics, procedure for kinetic determination, examples Unit 6: Contactors for mass transfer with chemical reactions (7 Hours) Types of contactors and their relative merits, Bubble column reactor, stirred tank reactor, basic design List of Project based on unit 2,3 and 4

1. Detail calculations with specific reaction example to study absorption of gases into two reactant to find out pore diffusion effect.

2. Experiments or empirical modeling for comprehending effect of mass transfer in system with catalyst and deactivation.

3. Experiments or empirical modeling for reversible or irreversible reactions.



Textbooks:

1. Doraiswami L. K. and Sharma M. M, ‘Heterogeneous Reactions: Analysis, Examples and

Reactor Design Vol. 1 : Gas-solid and solid –solid reactions’, John Wiley & Sons New York, 1984.

2. Doraiswami L. K. and Sharma M. M, ‘Heterogeneous Reactions: Analysis, Examples and Reactor Design Vol. 2 :Fluid-Fluid – solid reactions’, John Wiley & Sons New York, 1984.

Reference Books: 1. Treybal, R.E., ‘Mass Transfer Operations’, McGraw Hill, 1980. 2. Fogler, S. H, ‘Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering’, Prentice-Hall, 4th Edition., 2005. Course Outcomes: The student will be able to – 1. Implement principles of mass transfer and chemical reactions in chemical industries. 2. Understand different operating regimes in chemical reactor comprising of mass transfer and chemical reactions for design of reactor appropriately . 3. Analyse, identify and try to solve problems involved with absorption and pore diffusion. 4. Understand reversible and irreversible reaction with mass transfer. 5. Apply knowledge of catalytic kinetics and deactivation 6. Comprehend contactors used for mass transfer with chemical reaction



CH491THP: GREEN CHEMISTRY Credits: 4 Teaching Scheme: 5 Hours / Week

Unit 1: Title of the Unit : Green Chemistry : An Overview ( 7 Hours) Introduction, underlying philosophy and focus, Twelve principles of green chemistry & Green Engineering, Ten Commandments of sustainability, The Chemistry of the Atmosphere, The structure of the atmosphere, stratospheric chemistry, Environmental spheres, Tropospheric chemistry Unit 2: Title of the Unit : Ecological Threats & Green Chemistry ( 7 Hours) The Greenhouse Effect, Climate Change, photochemical smog, Old Technology vis-à-vis Green Technology : Suitable examples to understand comparative advantage of Green Technology over Old one, Renewable resources, Process intensification Unit 3: Title of the Unit : Green Synthetic Methods & Catalysis ( 7 Hours) Green chemistry with new solvents, Catalytic methods in synthesis, Synthesis in aqueous media, Unconventional energy sources in synthesis, Catalysis: history, hydrogenation, ammonia synthesis, catalyst types, basics of catalysis, transition states, examples, selectivity and engineering, atom economy, and atom efficiency, characteristics of general reaction types, Methanol reactivity, Catalysis and innovation, ionic liquids : Examples and properties, Supercritical fluids (SCFs): examples and properties, Extraction with SCFs, Solvent less reactions, Use of microwaves and sonic waves in Chemistry in isolation and coupled with solvent less reactions Unit 4: Title of the Unit : Green Chemistry & Nonconventional Fuels ( 7 Hours) Green chemistry in batteries, production and recycling, Fuel cell and electric vehicles, Solar energy and hydrogen production, biodiesel, bio-hydrogen, Green batteries, Li ion batteries Unit 5: Title of the Unit : Green Chemistry & Sustainable development ( 7 Hours) Esterification: transesterification, autogeneous pressure of methanol, transesterification under supercritical conditions Optimisation: catalyst concentration, methanol to oil ratio, reaction temperature, reaction time Unit 6: Title of the Unit : Best practices in Green Chemistry for sustainable development ( 7 Hours) Pragmatic Green Chemistry Challenges, Best practices in Green Chemistry for sustainable development List of Project areas:

1. Computation of atom economy and yield of various reactions 2. Study of mechanism of ecological threats 3. Synthesis and characterization of green catalysts/Chemical catalysts 4. Study of batteries and fuel cells Text Books: 1. Paul T. Anastas ; “Green Chemistry – Theory and Practice”



2. Rashmi Sanghi, H.M. Srivastava; “Green Chemistry Environmentally Friendly Alternatives”, Narosa Publishing House, 2009.

Reference Books: 1. Zimmerman, J.B.; Anastas, P.T. “The 12 Principles of Green Engineering as a Foundation for

Sustainability” in Sustainability Science and Engineering: Principles. Ed. Martin Abraham, Elsevier Science. available 2005

2. V.K. Ahluwalia; “Green Chemistry”, Ane Books India, 2008 Course Outcomes: The student will be able to – 1. Identify steps to be followed in developing green synthesis lab 2. Calculate parameters for deciding upon the greenness of a chemical process 3. Apply the principles of Green Chemistry in chemical process optimization 4. Quantify yield & atom economy of the given chemical process 5. Identify and apply best practices in Green Chemistry for sustainable development 6. To quantify reaction efficiency in terms of various parameters



CH492THP: ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

Credits: 4 Teaching Scheme: 5 Hours/Week

Unit 1: Introduction (7 Hours) An overview of environmental engineering, pollution of air, water and soil, impact of population growth on environment, impact of development on the environment, chemical pollution, solid wastes, prevention and control of environmental pollution. Unit 2: Air Pollution- Sources, Effects and Measurement ( 6 Hours) Sources scales of concentration and classification of air pollutants. Effects of air pollutants on human health, plants, animals, materials, measurement of air pollutants, particulate pollution: cleaning methods, collection efficiency, particulate collection systems, Basic design and operating principles of settling chamber, cyclone separator, fabric filter, electrostatic precipitator, gaseous pollution: Unit 3: Water Pollution ( 6 Hours) Domestic and industrial wastewater, types, sources and effects of water pollutants. Waste water characteristics–DO, BOD, COD, TOC, total suspended solids, colour and odour, bacteriological quality, oxygen deficit, determination of BOD constants. Unit 4: Waste Water Treatment ( 7 Hours) Primary and secondary treatment, design and basic operating principles of activated sludge process, sludge treatment and disposal, trickling filter. Advanced methods of waste water treatment, UASB, photo catalytic reactors, wet-air oxidation. Tertiary treatment methods Unit 5: Solid Waste Management ( 7 Hours) Sources and classification of solid wastes, disposal methods, incineration, composting, recovery and recycling. Unit 6: Regulations and Standards ( 7 Hours) Laws and standards for water pollution, air pollution, land pollution and noise pollution List of Project areas: 1. Water pollution 2. Gaseous Pollution 3. Particulate pollution 4. Solid waste management Text Books: 1. Kiely Gerard; Environmental Engineering; Special edition 2007., TataMcGraw-Hill International 2. Metcalf and Eddy; Wastewater Engineering,; 3rd edition., Tata McGraw Hill Publishers 3. Rao C.S; Environmental Pollution Control Engineerin;, 2nd edition., New Age International (P) Ltd 4 Sasikumar K.; Solid Waste Manaement; 1st edition2009, Prentice Hall India Learning Private Limited



Reference Books: 1. Flagan R.C. and Seinfield J.H; Fundamentals of Air Pollution Engineering; 1988., Prentice Hall 2. Crowford Martin; Air Pollution Control Theory; 1st edition. McGraw Hill Publishers Course Outcomes: The student will be able to – 1. Identify hazardous pollutants in the plant or area. 2. Design reduction method and pollution treatment technique. 3. Develop the analysis techniques for different pollutants. 4. To determine the pollution level with respect to the pollution standards. 5. Analyse the impact of various factors on the environment.



CH493TH: SURFACE ENGINEERING OF NANOMATERIALS Credits: 04 Teaching Scheme: 4 Hours/Week

Unit 1: Surface Science & Surface Modification (07 Hours) Tribology & its classification, Friction tribology, Wear & corrosion, Lubrication, Effect of tribology on surface of nanomaterials. Conventional surface engineering, Types of surface modifications, Physical modifications, Chemical modifications, Applications of surface engineering towards nanomaterials. Unit 2: Surface Modification Methods (07 Hours) Deposition and surface modification methods, Physical vapor deposition, Chemical vapor deposition, Advanced surface modification practices, Advantages of deposition for surface modification.

Unit 3: Nanostructured Coatings (07 Hours) Synthesis, processing and characterization of nano-structured coatings, Functional coatings,Advanced coating practices, Characterization of nano-coatings, Applications of nano-coatings Unit 4: Coatings Testing & Size Dependency (07 Hours) Need of advanced methods for surface and coating testings, Size dependency in nanostructures of nanocoatings, Size effect in electrochemical properties of nanostructured coatings, Size effect in mechanical properties of nanostructured coatings, Size effect in physical and other properties of nanostructured coatings. Unit 5: Thin Films & Microencapsulation (06 Hours) Thin films for surface engineering of nanomaterials, Sputtering techniques, Evaporation processes, Thin film deposition through gas phase techniques, Liquid phase techniques. Microencapsulation: Processes, Microencapsulation: Kinetics of release, Plating of nanocomposite coatings, Advantages of microencapsulation over other conventional methods. Unit 6: Current Technology and Challenges (06 Hours) Current trends in surface modification of nanomaterials, Modified Nanomaterials: In-use for consumer products, Main problems in synthesis of modified nanomaterials. Text Books: 1. Krishna Seshan; Handbook of thin film deposition processes and techniques; William Andrew Publishing Norwich, New York, U.S.A. 2. Jamal Takadoum; Nanomaterials and Surface Engineering; ohn Wiley & Sons, Inc., USA Reference Books: 1. Mahmood Aliofkhazrae; Nanocoatings: Size Effect in Nanostructured Films; Springer-Verlag, USA. 2. Bharat Bhusan; Introduction to Tribology; John Wiley & Sons, USA. Course Outcomes:



The student will be able to – 1. Know the basics of tribology and its effect on surface of nanomaterials 2. Distinguish between advanced surface modification methods along with selection of applicable

method for required application 3. Differentiate between several methods of nano-coatings along with their selection 4. Know various coating testing tools along with size effects 5. Understand advanced methods such as thin films and microencapsulation techniques for surface

engineering 6. Know the current technologies along with the typical products utilizing the nanomaterials used in

surface modification



CH494TH: BIOREACTORS Credits: 04 Teaching Scheme: 4 Hours / Week

Unit 1: Introduction to Biotechnology (7 Hours) Introduction to Biotechnology, fermentation technology, various components of bioreactor, bioreactors, Sterilization, batch Sterilization, continuous Sterilization, problem based on bioreactor and Sterilization Unit 2: Enzyme Kinetics (7 Hours) Important concept of enzyme, enzyme bioreactors, enzyme kinetics, problems based on enzyme kinetics, inhibition, inhibition enzyme kinetics, problems based on inhibition kinetics, measurement principals and methods Unit 3: Applications of enzyme (7 Hours) Batch growth kinetics, problems based on batch growth kinetics, bioreactor- chemostat, fed batch bioreactor, problems based on bioreactors, environmental parameter that affect of growth, problems based on environmental parameter that affect of growth Unit 4: Scale up and Scale down of Bioreactor (8 Hours) CSTR as bioreactor, mixing problems in bioreactor, parameters that affect scale up, different methods of scale of bioreactor, problems with scale up of bioreactor, scale down, problems based on scale up and scale down, Unit 5: Transport phenomenon in Bioprocesses (7Hours) Part A: Shear stress, shear sensitive culture, dynamic of bioreactor, stoichiometry, degree of freedom, culture status, metabolic flux analysis Unit 6: Industrial Bioprocesses (6 Hours) Manufacturing processes of alcohol, lactic acid, vitamins, proteins, biological waste water processes- activated sludge process, trickling bed filter, aerated lagoons Text Books: 1. Bailey, James E Ollis, Davis F, “Biochemical Engineering”, McGraw Hill. 2. Shuler M. L. and F. Kaegi, ‘Bioprocess Engineering – Basic Concepts’, Prentice Hall

Publication ,2nd Edition Reference Books: 1. Aiba A-Humphery A.E., Mills N.F , “Biochemical Engineering”,., Academic Press. 2. Atkinson B, “Biochemical Reactors”, Pion Ltd. London. 3. Ghosh T.K., et. Al., “Advances in Biochemical Engineering”, Vol.1/3, Springer Verlag 1971-74 4. Wingard L.B., “Enzyme Engineering”, Fr. Interscience N.Y. 1972. 5. Peavy H. S., Rowe D. R., Tchobanoglous G., “Environmental Engineering”, McGraw-Hill,

1985.



6. P. F. Stanbury, A. Whitekar, S. J. Hall, ‘Principles of Fermentation Technology’, Butterworth-Heinemann An Imprint of Elsevier, 2nd Edition.


1. Describe various basic of bioreactor. 2. Describe and derive enzyme kinetics. 3. Describe various applications of enzymes. 4. Describe scale up and scale down on bioreactors. 5. Describe transport phenomenon in bioreactors. 6. Describe the different manufacturing and waste water biological processes



CH495TH: WASTE TO ENERGY CONVERSION Credits: 4 Teaching Scheme: 4 Hours/week Unit I: Introduction to waste to energy (WTE) (6 Hours) Introduction, characterization of wastes Unit II: Energy production from waste (8 Hours) Energy production from wastes through incineration, gasification, pyrolysis, fermentation and transesterification, Energy production from organic wastes through anaerobic digestion and fermentation, Energy production from waste plastics, cultivation of algal biomass from wastewater and energy production from algae. Unit III: Feedstocks for WTE systems (6 Hours) Types of feedstocks for WTE systems and their characteristics, testing of feedstocks for WTE systems Unit IV : Waste to energy systems, engineering and technology (6 Hours) Pre-processing and treatment of municipal solid waste (MSW), Municipal solid waste (MSW) combustion plants , Waste firing in large combustion plants, Waste to energy (WTE) systems for district heating Unit V: Environmental and social impacts of waste to energy (WTE) (6 Hours) Contribution of WTE conversion to waste reduction and energy generation, Compatibility of WTE with recycling, Air quality and residue management, considerations of WTE conversion, Greenhouse gas profile of WTE, Health and safety aspects of WTE. Unit VI: Lifecycle assessment (LCA) and its application to sustainable waste management (8 Hours) Energetic comparison and emissions comparison of waste to energy (WTE) systems and alternative waste option, Advantages and limitations of using an LCA approach to evaluate waste management systems, An alternative metric to evaluate waste management systems that addresses goal-oriented needs. Text Books: 1.Rogoff, M.J. and Screve, F., "Waste-to-Energy: Technologies and Project Implementation", Elsevier Store. 2.Young G.C., "Municipal Solid Waste to Energy Conversion processes", John Wiley and Sons. Reference Books: 1.Harker, J.H. and Backhusrt, J.R., "Fuel and Energy", Academic Press Inc. 2.EL-Halwagi, M.M., "Biogas Technology- Transfer and Diffusion", Elsevier Applied Science. 3.Hall, D.O. and Overeed, R.P.," Biomass - Renewable Energy", John Willy and Sons. Course Outcomes: The student will be able to – 1. To deal with the production of energy from different types of wastes through thermal,

biological and chemical routes 2. To know the energy demand of world, nation and available resources to fulfill the demand



3. To identify the feedstock for WTE 4. To acquire the knowledge of modern energy conversion technologies 5. To evaluate the waste management systems



CH496TH: ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Credits: 4 Teaching Scheme: 4 Hours / Week

Unit 1: Solid waste management (7 Hours) Basics of municipal solid waste, management of municipal solid waste, agony of seas, the price of panacea - biomedical waste, effects and controls of water pollution, nuclear hazards, industries & waste, dealing with industrial waste.

Unit 2: Environments education (8 Hours) Public environmental awareness, ethics of environmental education, environmental values, and Indian legislative steps to protect our environment, water management practices, sustainable development, and urban problems related to energy

Unit 3: Impact off population on the environment (7 Hours) Urban problems related to energy, resettlement and rehabilitation, environment and climate change, sex ratio, population explosion, impact of human population on environment.

Unit 4: Infectious diseases (8 Hours) Infectious diseases and waterborne diseases, HIV/AIDS, cancer & the environment, environment and human health

Unit 5: Chemicals in Food (6 Hours) Chemicals in food, typha: a bioremedial plant, castor bean, pinus, malaria, machla: a serene village, the secret of taste – chilli

Unit 6: Pollution in plants (6 Hours) Common Avenue – trees, common village trees, and flower – the beautiful gift of nature, silk cotton tree: kapok, cotton yarn

Text Books: 1. N Arumugam and V Kumaresan, “Environmental Studies” Saras Publication , 2014 2. Benny Joseph “Environmental Studies” McGraw Hill Education; 2 edition, 2008 Reference Books: 1. Kanagasabai S “Environmental Studies” Prentice Hall India Learning Private Limited (2010) 2. R. Rajagopalan “Environmental Studies: From Crisis to Cure” Oxford University Press; Third

edition 2015) Course Outcomes: The student will be able to – 1. Identify the type of pollution and its causes. 2. Determine the compliance requirements of different environmental legislations 3. Determine the impact of environmental pollution on urban area. 4. Analyze the infectious and waterborne diseases due to environmental pollution. 5. Analyze the health effects of chemicals in food.



CH497TH: FOUNDATION OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS Credits: 04 Teaching Scheme: 4 Hours / Week

Unit 1: Introduction to CFD (5 Hours) Review of basic fluid mechanics, Review of equations and importance of terms, Review of equations (contd.) and non-dimensionalization, Classification of equations (contd.), types of boundary conditions and description about standard test cases. Unit 2: Equations for CFD (7 Hours) Steps involved in CFD, Information about Computational domain and grid with illustration, Information about grid (contd.); Taylor’s series expansion, Taylor’s series expansion, CD / FD / BD for first & second derivative; FD formula for non-uniform mesh; mixed derivative, Derivation for higher derivative; FD formula by Polynomial procedure Unit 3: Discretisation (7 Hours) Different Approximation Methods, Properties associated with discretization, Errors due to approximation and their analysis – consistency, convergence, Stability analysis, FD formulation for model equations and explanation Unit 4: Finite volume method (7 Hours) FV formulation for diffusion equation – 1D, Example and extension to 2D and 3D, FV formulation for convection and diffusion equation, Treatment of convective terms - different interpolations, Time integration methods, SIMPLE, Variants of SIMPLE, Projection Method Unit 5: Introduction to Multiphase Modeling (7 Hours) Introduction to Turbulent flows, Deriving governing equations, Reynolds stresses, modeling strategy, Introduction to Standard models and explanation Unit 6: Solvers in CFD (7 hours) Matrix inversion – Direct, Iterative procedure, Direct solver / Iterative solver, Iterative solver, Demonstration of a test case with a display of working CFD code Textbooks:

1. Anderson J. D., “Computational Fluid Dynamics: The basics with applications”, Mc-Graw Hill, 1995

2. Ranade V.V. ,“Computational Flow Modeling for Chemical Reactor Engineering”, Process Engineering Science, Volume 5, 2001

3. Patankar S. V. , “Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow”, Mc-Graw Hill, 1981 4. H.K. Versteeg & W. Malalasekera, “An Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics”,

Longman Scientific & Technical, 1995 5. G. Biswas and V. Eswaran, “Turbulent Flows: Fundamentals, Experiments and Modeling”,

Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, 2002



Reference Books:

1. Knupp P., “Fundamentals of Grid generation”, Steinberg S., CRC Press 1994 2. Wesseling P., “An introduction to Multigrid methods”, John Wiley & Sons, 1992 3. Gatski T.B., Yousuff H., Lumley J. L., “Simulation and Modeling of turbulent flows”,

Oxford University Press 1996 Course Outcomes: The student will be able to –

1. Develop understanding of flow with relevant equations. 2. Develop basic understanding of computational fluid dynamics. 3. Develop understanding of basic model making and descretisation 4. Comprehend finite volume method in CFD. 5. Comprehend basic of turbulent modeling 6. Get acquainted with solving procedure for CFD problem



CH498TH: TRANSPORT PROCESSES IN HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER


Unit I:Dimensional Analysis and Diffusion (7 Hours) Dimesional analysis: Basics; dimensionless numbers for heat and mass transfer and their physical significance. Fick's law as scalar and tensor form in orthogonal coordinates; molecular diffusion in dilute and concentrated liquid solutions. Difdusion of interacting species and in multi-component systems; Introduction to diffusion in crystalline solids; Electro- diffusional equilibrium; electro- osmotic oscillations. Unit II : Transport in one dimension. Spherical & cylindrical coordinates (7 Hours) Derivation of flux tensors for transport in one dimension for heat and mass transfer. Dispersion in fluids; two film theory and surface renewal theory; diffusion in porous solids; falling liquid film (solid dissolution and gas absorption). Unit III: Pressure & body forces in fluid flow and Conservation equations (7 Hours) Bubble dynamics; drop dynamics; shear and normal stresses and transport phenomena models in rectangular and cylindrical coordinates. Examples from chemical engineering(including multiphase flows). Unit IV: Diffusive transport (7 Hours) Concentration profiles that are functions of mass independent and dependent diffusion processes; concentration profiles in porous cells and ionic channels. Examples from chemical processes. Unit V: Forced convection and natural convection (6 Hours) Heat transport around submerged bodies and finned surfaces; temperature distribution in boundary layer flows. Examples from chemical processes. Unit VI: Natural convection and Transport in turbul ent flows (6 Hours) Turbulent flows and simultaneous heat and mass transfer; turbulent flows in jets; energy transport in tubes at large Prandtl numbers. Examples from chemical engineering applications. Textbooks: 1. Bird R. B, Stewart W.E., Lightfoot E.W., 'Transport Phenomena', John Wiley, 2nd Ed., 2000. 2. Faghri, A., Zhang, Y., 'Transport Phenomena in Multiphase Systems', Elsevier, Amsterdam,

2008.

Reference Books: 1. Crank, J., Free and moving boundary value problems, Oxford University Press, Paperback

Edition, 1987. 2. Carslaw, H.S. and Jaegar, J.C., Conduction of heat in solids, Clarendron Press, Oxford, 1959. 3. Mase, G.E., Schaum's Outline of Theory and Problems of Continuum Mechanics, McGraw-Hill,

1970. 4. Crank, J., McFarlane, N. R., Newby, J. C., Paterson, G. D. and Pedley, J. B., Diffusion Processes

in Environmental Systems, The MacMillan Press Ltd., 1981. 5. Carslaw, H.S., The Elements of Non-Euclidean Plane Geometry and Trigonometry, Longman's

Mathematical Series, Longman's Greena and Company, London, New York, Kolkata, 1916.



6. Jaegar, J.C., An Introduction to Laplace Transformation with Engineering Applications, Methuen & Co. Ltd., London, Great Britain, 1949.

7. Stein, W.D. and Lieb, W.R., Transport and Diffusion across Cell Membranes, Academic Press, London, NY, 1986.

8. Jaegar, L.G., Cartesian Tensors in Engineering Science, 1st Edition, Pergamon Press, Edinburgh, NY, 1966.

9. Cussler, E.L., Diffusion mass transfer mass transfer in fluid systems, 3rd Edition, Cambridge University Press, 2009.

10. Rubinstein, I., Electro diffusion of ions, S.I.A.M., Philadelphia, 1990. 11. Eds. Murch, G.E., Nowick, A.S., Diffusion in crystalline solids, Academic Press, 1984. Course Outcomes: At the end of the course the students will be able to 1. Solve problems in diffusion processes. 2. Solve transport equations in one dimension for heat and mass transfer. 3. Solve problems of pressure and body forces to include buoyancy force and mechanical energy

balances. 4. Solve free boundary problems and in generalised coordinates for diffusion in solids and

multiphase systems. 5. Solve forced and natural convection heat transfer problems. 6. Solve heat and mass transport problems in turbulent flows.



CH499TH: ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY Credits: 4 Teaching Scheme: 4 Hours / Week

Unit 1: Title of the Unit : Introduction to Environ mental Chemistry (6 Hours) Concept and Scope of Environmental Chemistry: Definition and explanation for various terms, segments of environment. Principles and cyclic pathways in the environments, Atmosphere and Biogeochemical cycles, study of Hydrosphere, Geosphere, Atmosphere, Biosphere, Anthrosphere, Composition of atmosphere, Stratospheric Chemistry: The Ozone Layer • The Ozone Holes • The Chemistry of Ground-Level Air Pollution • The Environmental and Health Consequences of Polluted Air— Outdoors and Indoors Unit 2: Title of the Unit : Chemistry of Biologically Important Molecules (7 Hours) The Chemistry of Natural Waters, The Pollution and Purification of Water, Cause and effect of water pollution, Analytical techniques for measuring water quality parameters, Waste water treatment methods, Chemistry of Water: Unusual physical properties, hydrogen bonding in biological systems, unusual solvent properties, changes in water properties by addition of solute. Protein structure and biological functions, enzymes, enzyme metabolism, biosynthesis of DNA and RNA, mutations and Gene control during embryogenesis. Principle, merits and demerits of the techniques – Neutron Activation Analysis, isotope dilution analysis, calorimetric, colourimetry, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, Gas chromatography, HPLC, Ion exchange Chromatography and Polarography. XRF, XRD etc. Unit 3: Title of the Unit : Green house effect & Air pollution (6 Hours) Pollution by industries, and power plants, Global Warming, The Greenhouse Effect • Energy Use, Fossil Fuels, CO2 Emissions, and Global Climate Change • Biofuels and Other Alternative Fuels • Renewable Energy Technologies: Hydroelectric, Wind, Solar, Geothermal, and Marine Energy and Their Storage • Radioactivity, Radon, and Nuclear Energy Unit 4: Title of the Unit : Environmental legislations & Quality standards (7 Hours) Environmetal issues and legislations, Apex bodies at global, national, state and local levels, norms pertaining to quality of water, air, salinity, D.O., the carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, phosphorus & sulfur cycles Unit 5: Title of the Unit : Chemistry of Organic and Inorganic Compds (7 Hours) Carcinogenic compounds and their effects.,Hydrocarbons: Chemistry of hydrocarbon decay, environmental effects, effects on macro and microorganisms, Surfactants: Cationic, anionic and nonionic detergents, modified detergents, Pesticides: Classification, degradation, analysis, pollution due to pesticides and DDT problems, Synthetic Polymers: Microbial decomposition, polymer decay, ecological and consideration, Photosensitize additives, Lead and its compounds: Physical and chemical properties, ehavior, human exposure, absorption, influence, Aflatoxin occurrence, chemical composition and properties metabolism, acute toxicity, carcinogenicity, Destruction of some hazardous substances: Acid halides and anhydrides, alkali metals, cyanides and cyanogens bromides, chromium, aflotoxins, halogenated compounds. Unit 6: Title of the Unit : Sustainable environment (7 Hours) Sustainability, sustainable development, indicators, environmental impact assessment tools



Text Books: 1. A text book of Environmental Chemistry and Pollution Control : S.S. Dara. 2. Instrumental Methods of Analysis : G. W. Ewing. 3. Instrumental Methods of Analysis : Chatwal and Anand. 4. Essential of Nuclear Chemistry: H. J. Arnikar Reference Books: 1. Environmental Chemistry : B.K. Sharma, and H. Kaur. 2. Elements of Environmental Chemistry : H.V. Jadhav. 3. Environmental Chemistry : S. K. Banerjee. 4. Environmental Chemistry : J. W. Moore and E. A. Moore. 5. Destruction of hazards chemicals in the laboratory : G. Lunn and E.B. Sansone. Course Outcomes: The student will be able to – 1. Identify the biologically important molecules for sustenance of environment 2. Calculate the parameters in regard to quality of water and air, soil etc. 3 Choose the analytical techniques for the analysis of water, air, soil etc. 4. Predict the effect of various organic and inorganic compounds on human and ecology 5. Apply the environmental impact assessment tools 6. Evolve at solutions to address the environmental problems



CH478PRJ: PROJECT Credits: 05 Teaching Scheme: 10 Hours / Week

Contents: This is the final stage in the project work. This stage will include comprehensive report on the work carried out at this stage and relevant portions from stage I and stage II, including experimental studies, analysis and/or verification of theoretical model, conclusions etc. Students may undertake studies in application chemical engineering knowledge for manufacturing project, synthesis, design and development, experimental work, testing on the product or system, generation of new ideas and concept, modification in the existing process/system, development of computer programs, solutions, modeling and simulation related to the subject. Topics of interdisciplinary nature may also be taken up. A detailed literature survey is expected to be carried out as a part of this work. The group of students is required to choose the topic in consultation with the Guide. A technical report is required to be submitted at the end of the term and a presentation made based on the same. Modern audio-visual techniques may be used at the time of presentation. Text Books

1. B.A. Bhanvase, “Project Writing Manual” Chemical Engineering Department, VIT, Pune Reference Books: Nil Course Outcomes: The student will be able to – 1. Apply Chemical Engineering knowledge. 2. Learn How to Work in Team. 3. Carry out research and development work. 4. Design equipments or process for chemical engineering plants. 5. Apply oral and graphical communication in both technical and non-technical environments. 6. Apply written communication in both technical and non-technical environments.



CH477INT: INTERNSHIP

Teaching Scheme: 10 Hours / Week Guidelines:

1. Students opting for Internship module should not have any LIVE backlog. 2. HoD to constitute a committee of four senior faculty members for Internship allocation. 3. Students need to maintain minimum attendance of 75% at the place of work and produce

digital record duly signed by competent authority. 4. Total Internship period is approximately 16 weeks or 4 months. 5. Internship undertaken can be Industrial Internship or Research Internship. 6. Students need to submit monthly reports on Company/Research Project and Plant Study /

Research Report. 7. Final presentation (CVV) would be conducted at the end of semester. 8. Distribution of credits and other guidelines are subject to change.



Module VIII, FINAL YAER B.TECH. Chemical Engineerin g Course No.

Course Code

Course Name Contact Hours / Week Credits

Th. Proj. Based Lab

Regular Lab

S1 CH481TH Chemical Reaction Engineering 4 4 S2 CH482THP Transport Phenomena 3 2 4 S3# CH483THL Instrumentation and Process

Control 3 2 4

S4 CH484THP

Plant Engineering and Project Economics

3 2 4

PROJ$ CH485PRJ Project 10

5 CH486PS Summer Internship

Total 13 14 2 21



CH481TH: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING Credits: 04 Teaching Scheme: 04 Hours / Week

Unit 1: Non-Ideal flow (08 Hours) Residence time distribution in vessels: E, F and C curve, and their relationship for closed vessels, conversion in reactors having non-ideal flow; models for non-ideal flow: Dispersion model, Tank in Series, model, Multi parameter model. Mixing of fluids: Self-mixing of single fluid. Dead Zone and Bypass model Two parameter models. Early and late mixing of fluid, mixing of two miscible fluids. Unit 2: Heterogeneous processes, catalysis and adsorption (06 Hours) Global rate of reaction, Types of Heterogeneous reactions Catalysis, The nature of catalytic reactions, Adsorption: Surface Chemistry and adsorption, adsorption isotherm, Rates of adsorption. Unit 3: Solid catalysts (06 Hours) Solid catalysts: Determination of Surface area, Void volume and solid density, Pore volume distribution, Theories of heterogeneous catalysis, Classification of catalysts, Catalyst preparation Promoters and inhibitors, Catalyst deactivation (Poisoning). Deactivating catalysts: Mechanism of deactivation, Rate equation for deactivation, Regeneration of catalyst Unit 4: Fluid particle reactions (07 Hours) Selection of a model for gas-solid non catalytic reaction, Un-reacted core model, Shrinking core model, Rate controlling resistances, Determination of the rate controlling steps, Application of models to design problems. Various contacting patterns and their performance equations Unit 5: Fluid fluid reactions (07 Hours) Introduction to heterogeneous fluid - fluid reactions, Rate equation for instantaneous , Fast and slow reaction, Equipment used in fluid- fluid contacting with reaction, Application of fluid -fluid reaction rate equation to equipment design, Towers for fast reaction, Towers for slow reactions Unit 6: Fluid - solid catalysed reactions (08 Hours) Introduction, Rate equation, Film resistance controlling, surface flow controlling , Pure diffusion controlling, Heat effects during reaction, Various types of catalytic reactors : Fixed bed reactor- construction, operation and design, Isothermal operation, Adiabatic operation, Fluidized bed reactor, Slurry reactor, Trickle bed reactor. Experimental methods for finding rates, Product distribution in multiple reactions, Text Books: 1. Levenspiel, O., ‘Chemical Reaction Engineering’, 3rd. edition, John Wiley& Sons, 2001. 2. Fogler, H. S., ‘Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering’, 3rd Ed., PHI, 2002.

Reference Books: 1. Walas, S. M., ‘Reaction Kinetics for Chemical Engineers’, McGraw Hill, 1959. 2. Smith, J.M., ‘Chemical Engineering Kinetics’, 3rd ed., McGraw Hill, 1987.




1. Distinguish between various RTD curves and predict the conversion from a non-ideal reactor using tracer information.

2. Determine the global rate of heterogeneous catalytic reactions. 3. Determine the characteristics of solid catalyst like porosity, pore volume, etc. 4. Select model for fluid-particle reactions and calculate the rate of reactions 5. Select model for fluid-fluid reactions and calculate the rate of reactions. 6. Design the various types of rectors depending on the different types of heterogeneous

catalytic and non-catalytic reactions.



CH482THP: TRANSPORT PHENOMENA


Unit 1: Theory of vectors and tensor (8 Hours) Basics of vectors operations, products (dot, cross and double dot), second order tensors and differentials. Extension of the same in rectangular and cylindrical orthogonal coordinates; normal vectors and products for surfaces and volumes that are not in line with orthogonal coordinates. Integral theorems to solve non-orthogonal geometry and flux problems. Derivations for equations of continuity, equations of change including mechanical energy balance. Unit 2: Momentum transport. Shell balance, Boundary layer theory and Turbulence (8 Hours) Derivations of molecular flux in generalised coordinates (Newton's law (momentum transport) Deriving flux tensors that combine molecular and convective (bulk processes) flux components for three transport processes.Shell momentum balances; interface conditions. Flow of incompressible fluid over inclined plane, through a circular tube and annular space .

Unit 3: Energy Transport Shell balances, phase equilibrium (8 Hours) Derivations of molecular flux in generalised coordinates Fourier's law (heat transport), Deriving flux tensors that combine molecular and convective (bulk processes) flux components for three transport processes. Shell energy balances; interface conditions; heat transport problem for dissipation of heat in cylindrical conductor; finned surfaces Unit 4: Mass Transport, Concentration Distribution in Solid and Laminar Flow ( 8 Hours) Derivations of molecular flux in generalised coordinates Fick's law (mass transport). Deriving flux tensors that combine molecular and convective (bulk processes) flux components for three transport processes. Shell mass balances; interface conditions; diffusion of liquid A into gas B stream flowing across a tube; instantaneous reaction of solute A in dilute solution across tubular reactor Unit 5: Multiphase flows One, Two phase systems. (6 Hours) Multiphase transport in vapor-liquid, sublimation and vapor deposition systems; melting and solidification. Interfacial phenomena (evaporation, condensation). Unit 6: Multiphase flows II. Interfacial phenomena, models for bubbles and drops ( 6 Hours) Equilibrium and stability of multiphase systems; thermodynamics at interfaces, surface tension and hydrodynamics of bubbles and droplets. List of Project Areas

1. To derive boundary layer theory results for laminar flow in various geometries and use stream functions to see how pattern formations occur in phase plane.

2. To derive macro and micro mixing scales in turbulent transport in various geometries in absence and presence of reaction terms.

3. To put together phase equilibrium relations for tubular hollow and packed reactors, as well as multiphase heterogeneous catalytic reactors to compute vector field profiles.

4. To derive analytical expressions for Navier-Stokes equations that focus on dynamics of bubble dynamics.

5. To derive equations of change for non-equilibrium energy transport in chemical systems based on molecular thermodynamics models.



6. To derive patterns as stream functions for a plate heated from below giving rise to Rayleigh-Benard instability for boiling heat transfer.

7. To derive energy tensor flux components for combustion reaction in liquid rocket engine that has compartmental geometrically well defined zones (flame dynamics theory).

8. To derive equations of continuity and change for various vector fields including temperature for membrane transport as electrokinetic salt rejection in porous media and membranes.

9. To derive temperature profile for intrapellet and bulk species concentrations in a packed bed reactor (consider Knudsen diffusivity for crystalline or semi-crystalline pellets).

10. To derive vector field profiles for heat transfer from a rotating cylinder in simple shear flow at high Peclet number across regions of closed-streamline flow.

Text Books: (As per IEEE format) 1. Bird R. B, Stewart W.E., Lightfoot E.W., 'Transport Phenomena', John Wiley, 2nd Ed., 2000. 2. Faghri, A., Zhang, Y., 'Transport Phenomena in Multiphase Systems', Elsevier, Amsterdam,

2008.

Reference Books: (As per IEEE format) 1. Sissom L.S., Pitts D.R.,'Elements of Transport Phenomena', McGraw-Hill. New York, 3rd

Edition, 1972. 2. Wilty J.R., Wilson R.W., Wicks C.W., 'Fundamentals of Momentum, Heat and Mass Trasport',

2nd Ed., John Wiley, New York, 1973. 2. Course Outcomes: The student will be able to – 1. Solve all expressions involving vectors and tensors, differentials in orthogonal coordinate

system. 2. Solve shell momentum balance problems for simple systems 3. Solve shell energy balance problems for simple systems 4. Solve shell mass balance problems for simple system 5. Solve multiphase transport problems for two-phase flows. 6. Solve multiphase transport problems for interfacial phenomena, bubbles and drops.



CH483THL: INSTRUMENTATION AND PROCESS CONTROL Credits: 04 Teaching Scheme: 5 Hours / Week

Unit 1: Measurement Fundamentals (5 Hours) Scope of Process Instrumentation, classification of process variables; measuring instruments & characteristics- functions of instruments; static and dynamic characteristics; Introduction to process control. Review of Laplace transforms.. Development of mathematical and dynamic modeling of chemical engineering systems. Unit 2: Temperature, Pressure measurements (7 Hours) Temperature measurement: temperature scales, thermocouples, filled system thermometers, radiation & optical pyrometer, liquid in glass thermometers, pyroelectric thermometers etc. Pressure measurement: Mechanical pressure elements, liquid column element, elastic element, design of Bourdon Spring elements. Vacuum measurements, electronic pressure sensors. high pressure sensors like dead weight, strain gauge and capacitance. Unit 3: Flow and Level measurement (7 Hours) Flow measurement: Orificemeter, venturimeter, pitot tube. Variable area flowmeters: Rotameter, orifice & tapered plug meters, piston-type, Vortex Shedding Thermal Mass Flow sensors. Level measurement: Ball-float mechanisms: displacer type, hydrostatic type, Hydrostatic differential and dry type differential pressure manometers, Force balance diaphragm systems: electromagnetic type, electrical capacitance type, impedance type. Bulk Solids Level Systems: Pressure sensitive, weighing capacitance bridge, ultrasonic. Coriolis Effect Mass flowmeters.. Unit 4: Single loop feedback control (7 Hours) First order, second order systems. Systems with time delays. Interacting & noninteracting processes. Feedback control. Block diagram. Feedback controllers: PID control etc. Typical time-domain responses of feedback control systems. Servo and regulator problem. Industrial PID controllers. Unit 5: Stability check for feedback control systems (7 hours) Stability analysis of closed-loop control systems. Routh stability criterion. Root locus technique. Feed forward control, cascade control. Ratio control, selective control, digital control. Unit 6: Design of feedback control system using frequency response (7 hours) Frequency response analysis, Design of feedback control systems. PID controller tuning methods such as Bode plot , Ziegler-Nichols. Multiloop and multivariable control Plantwide control, Distributed control systems List of practical to be performed

1. Measurements for temperature, pressure, flow and level 2. Process dynamics: first order, second order etc 3. PID Controlled system: 4. P, PI, PID modes 5. Controller tuning methods



6. Level control, flow control, pressure control etc 7. Feedback control system design using Matlab: 8. Plotting root locus, Bode plot, nyquist plot 9. Control system design using the above 10. Dynamic simulation on a chemical engineering simulator such as Aspen Dynamics of

Chemical Engineering Systems such as: 11. Tank level control 12. Distillation column control

Text Books 1. Ekmann, D. P., “Industrial Instrumentation ” Fifteenth Wiley Eastern Reprint , 1st Edition,

Wiley Eastern Ltd, 1991. 2. Considine, D. M., “Process/Industrial Instruments and Controls Handbook”, 4th Edition,

McGraw-Hill, 1993. 3. Coughanowr, D.R., “Process Systems Analysis and Control”, 2nd ed, McGraw-Hill, 1991. 4. Nakra, B.C., Chaudhry, “Instrumentation, Measurement and Analysis”, K.K., 2nd ed, Tata

McGraw-Hill, 2004.

Reference Books 1. Liptak, B. G. , “Instrument Engineers' Handbook Process Measurement and Analysis”, 4th

Edition., CRC Press, 2003. 2. Harriot, P., “Process Control” Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co., 1991. 3. George Stephanopolous, “Chemical Process Control”, Eastern Economy edition, Prentice-

Hall,2005. 4. Turton R. et al, “Analysis, Synthesis and Design of Chemical Processes”, 2nd ed, Prentice-Hall,

2003. 5. Liptak, B.G, “Instrument Engineer's Handbook”, Volume I: Process Measurement and

Analysis', 4th ed, CRC Press, 2005. 6. Doebelin, E.O., Manik, D.N., “Doebelin's Measurement Systems”, 6th ed, McGraw-Hill, 2011. Course Outcomes: The student will be able to – 1. Understand importance of instrumentation in chemical industry. 2. Understand principle, construction, working and application of different measurements in

chemical process. 3. Comprehend basics chemical process plant diagram and controls. 4. Comprehend control loops for chemical process e.g. feedback control system. 5. Understand stability criteria for control system. 6. Comprehend design of control system with available tools i.e. frequency response, Ziegler-

Nichols settings etc.



CH484THP: PLANT ENGINEERING AND PROJECT ECONOMICS Credits: 04 Teaching Scheme: 5 Hours / Week

Unit 1: Chemical Engineering Plant Design (6 Hours) General Overall Design Considerations, Practical Design Considerations, Basic engineering in process, thermodynamic and kinetic feasibility, process feasibility, capacity identification, and selection process specification equipment specification material selection, Engineering Flow Diagrams: BFD, PFD, and P & ID, Pilot Plant Unit 2: Health and Safety Considerations (7 Hours) General Design Considerations: Health and Safety Hazards, Loss Prevention: Hazard Assessment Techniques: HAZOP, HAZAN, Fault Tree Analysis, etc. , Environmental Protection, Plant Location, Plant Layout, Plant Operation and Control, etc, Process Design Development: Development of design database, Process Creation, Process Design, Patent considerations Importance of laboratory development to pilot plant, scale up methods. Unit 3: Chemical Plant Cost Estimation (8 Hours) Cash flow for industrial operations: Cumulative cash position, Factors Affecting Investment and Production Costs, Capital Investments: Fixed-Capital Investment, Working Capital, and Estimation of Capital Investment: Types of Capital Cost Estimates, Cost Factors in Capital Investment, Estimation of Total Product Cost: Manufacturing Costs, General Expenses. Estimation of various components of project cost as per recommended practice by India Financial Institutes, Plant & machinery estimate, Cost of Production. Cost Indexes Unit 4: Project Financing, Interest, Investment Costs (8 Hours) Project Financing: Greenfield projects, Add-on projects, ongoing business Interest & Investment Costs: Types of interest: simple interest, ordinary and exact simple interest, nominal and effective interest rates, compound interest, continuous interest. Loan repayment, Periodic payments, annualized cost, capitalized cost, Present worth and discount, annuities, costs due to interest on investment Unit 5: Taxes and Insurance, Profitability Analysis And Project evaluation (7Hours) Borrowed capital versus owned capital, source of capital, income-tax effects, design-engineering practice for interest and investment costs. Taxes and Insurance: Types of taxes: property taxes, excise taxes, income taxes. Insurance, types of insurance. Profitability, Estimate of working results. Project Evaluation: Break even analysis, incremental analysis, ratio analysis, discounted profit flow technique. Feasibility report, Annual report, alternative investments, and replacements Unit 6: Depreciation (6 Hours) Depreciation: purpose of depreciation as a cost, types of depreciation, depletion, service value, salvage value, present value, depreciation in chemical project, methods for determining depreciation, appreciation of depreciation concept, depreciation rates, the depreciation schedule.



List of Project areas: 1. HAZOP, Fault tree analysis, Plant layout 2. Capital cost estimation, cost index 3. Types of interest, present worth, annuity Text Books: 1. Peters, M.S., Timmerhaus, K.D. “Plant design and economics for chemical engineers”, 4th

Edition, McGraw Hill, 1990. Reference Books: 1. Mahajani V.V., Mokashi S. M. “Chemical Project Economics”, Macmillan India Publication ,

1st Edition, 2005 . 2. Bausbacher E. and Hunt R. “Process Plant Layout and Piping Design”, 1st Edition, Prentice

Hall Publication, 1993. Course Outcomes: The student will be able to – 1. describe & design engineering design, drawings and documentation 2. do and describe health & safety analysis 3. Estimate & predict cost estimation of chemical plant. 4. Estimate & describe different types of interest 5. Estimate & describe taxes, insurance, profit analysis 6. describe and calculate depreciation



CH485PRJ: PROJECT Credits: 05 Teaching Scheme: 10 Hours / Week

Contents This stage will include comprehensive report on literature survey, design and fabrication of experimental set up and/or development of model, relevant computer programs and the plan for stage III. Students may undertake studies in application chemical engineering knowledge for manufacturing project, synthesis, design and development, experimental work, testing on the product or system, generation of new ideas and concept, modification in the existing process/system, development of computer programs, solutions, modeling and simulation related to the subject. Topics of interdisciplinary nature may also be taken up. A detailed literature survey is expected to be carried out as a part of this work. The group of students is required to choose the topic in consultation with the Guide.

A technical report is required to be submitted at the end of the term and a presentation made based on the same. Modern audio-visual techniques may be used at the time of presentation. Text Books

1. B.A. Bhanvase, “Project Writing Manual”, Chemical Engineering Department, VIT, Pune

Reference Books: Nil Course Outcomes: The student will be able to – 1. Apply Chemical Engineering knowledge. 2. Learn How to Work in Team. 3. Define a task (problem) and execute it. 4. Carry out research and development work. 5. Design equipments or process for chemical engineering plants. 6. Document findings or design in selected topic



CH486PS: SUMMER INTERNSHIP Credits: 05 Teaching Scheme: 10 Hours/Week

Guidelines:

1. Students opting for Internship module should not have any LIVE backlog. 2. Head of the department to constitute a committee of four senior faculty members for

Internship allocation. 3. Students need to maintain minimum attendance of 75% at the place of work and produce

digital record duly signed by competent authority. 4. Total Internship period is approximately 4 weeks. 5. Internship undertaken can be Industrial Internship or Research Internship. 6. Students need to submit weekly reports on Company/Research Project and Plant Study /

Research Report. 7. Final presentation and CVV would be conducted at semester end.


1. Visualize the plant operation and maintenance 2. Visualize the processing operations in industry

structure & syllabus of b.tech. (chemical engineering) · pdf filech490thp: mass transfer...

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