structure of an atom new
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Name:-Ms.SHAIKH YASMIN RASHIDDate:-16 SEPTEMBER 2012Std:-VIIISub:-ScienceCHAPTER:-THE STRUCTURE OF AN ATOMa)theories of an atomb)particles of an atomc)atomic no and atomic mass nod)isotopesReference:- 1)google.Com 2)wikipedia 3)yahoo.Com
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STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM
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EVERY SUBSTANCE IS MADE UP OF AN ATOM
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DALTON’S ATOMIC THEORY(1808)
Atom is a hard and solid ball
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LIMITATIONS OF DALTON’S THEORY It does not propose anything about
positive and negative charge
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THOMSON’S THEORY
Compared an atom with watermelon
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RUTHERFORD’S EXPERIMENT
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BOMBARDED THIN LAYER OF GOLD WITH ALPHA PARTICLES
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RUTHERFORD’S THEORY Nucleus at the centre has positive
charge Negatively charged electrons revolve
around the nucleus Nucleus is very very small as compared
to atom
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STAGES OF DISCOVERY OF THE CONSTITUNT OF AN ATOM
Dalton Thomson Rutherford
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FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLES OF AN ELEMENT:-Proton +ve charge 1Neutron no charge 1
Electron -ve charge nil
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ATOM IS ELECTRICALLY NEUTRALAs the number of electron=no of proton
No of +ve charge = No of negative charge
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ATOMIC NEMBER(Z):NO OF ELECTRON
Atomic no of oxygen=8
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ATOMIC NUMBER(Z):-
HYDROGEN-1 HELIUM-2
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ATOMIC NUMBER(Z):-
LITHIUM-3 CHLORINE-17
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ATOMIC MASS NUMBER(A):-SUM OF PROTON AND NEUTRON
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ATOMIC MASS NUMBER(A)
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ISOTOPES:-ATOMS HAVING SAME ATOMIC NO BUT DIFFERENT ATOMIC MASS NO
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ISOTOPES OF HYDROGEN
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ISOTOPES OF CARBON
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LEARNING CHECKState the number of protons for atoms
of each of the following:A. Nitrogen 1) 5 protons 2) 7 protons 3) 14 protons
B. Sulfur 1) 32 protons 2) 16 protons 3) 6 protons
C. Barium1) 137 protons 2) 81 protons 3) 56 protons
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LEARNING CHECK Naturally occurring carbon consists of
three isotopes, 12C, 13C, and 14C. State the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in each of these carbon atoms.
12C 13C14C
6 6 6
#p _______ _______ _______
#n _______ _______ _______
#e _______ _______ _______
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