structure n function of plant
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Structure
and
Function
Of Plant Anatomy
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Plant Tissue
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Meristematic tissue
Permanent Tissue
Dermal tissue
Vascular tissue
Ground tissue
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Meristematic tissue has several characteristics those
are:
Its cells have thin wall
Its shape and size of cell are equal
Its relatively rich of protoplasm
The content of its cells does not contain crystaland food reservation.
Commonly it has very small cell cavity.
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The dermal tissue or epidermis, is generally a
single layer of tightly packed cells that covers
and protects all young parts of the plant. The epidermis has other specialized
characteristics consistent with the function of the
organ it covers. Another function is to protect of
mechanical destruction, keep tissue temperature
for not too high, and prevent the excessive
vaporization.
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Vascular tissue, continuous throughout the plant,is involved in the transport of materials betweenroots and shoots.
Vascular tissue is divided into 2 kinds
› Xylem
Xylem conveys water and dissolved minerals upwardfrom roots into the shoots.
›
PhloemPhloem transports food made in mature leaves to theroots and to non-photosynthetic parts of the shootsystem.
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Ground tissue is tissue that is neither dermal
tissue nor vascular tissue.
There are three kinds of ground tissue : Collenchyma, Parenchyma, and Sclerenchyma
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Parenchyma tissue can be
found mainly in the stem skin,root skin, leaf meat, fruit meat
and endosperm.
Parenchyma tissue is
composed of living cells thatshape, size, or its physiological
function are different. But cells
do not much undergo
specialization. Parenchyma cell also has
function to store water,
synthesize, and store food
reservation substance.
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Cells that compose this tissue are living cells with activeprotoplasm. Its cell wall can undergo thickening by
cellulose. Shape of parenchyma cells are enlengthen, happen
non uniform thickening of cell wall, and has plastic property.
Function of collenchyma tissue is to strengthen the standing
of plant.
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Schlerenchim Tissue
is strengthener tissue
that is thickened by
lygnin so this tissue isvery trong.
This tissue is
separated into twokinds, those are
schlereid and fiber.
SCLERIDS
FIBERS
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Plant Organs
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An organ consists of several types of tissues that
together carry out particular functions
The organs of plant body consist of root, stem,leaf, flower, fruit, and seed.
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A root system
consist of rootsand shoot
system consist
of stems and
leaves.
Meanwhile the
flower, fruit,
and seed are
additional body
organs in plant.
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A root is a multicellular organ that anchors a
vascular plant in the soil, absorbs minerals
and water, and often stores carbohydratesMorphologically, root is composed of root
hairs and root cap, while anatomically root is
composed of epidermis, cortex, endodermisand central core.
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( D )
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Absorbing water and mineral salt
Sticking and supporting body
As storage of food reservation
Helping respiration
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A stem is an organ consisting of an alternating
system of nodes, the points at which leaves
are attached, and internodes, the stemsegments between nodes.
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Stem anatomy (external)
• Node
• Internode
• Axil
• Axillary bud
• Terminal bud
• Bud scale
– Modified leaf to
protect apical
meristem
• Terminal bud
scar
• Leaf scar
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Stem has main function to distribute water
and mineral salt from root to leaves and
distributing food substances of photosynthesisproducts from leaves to entire parts of plant.
Besides, stem also has function as the place of
sticking of leaves, flower and seed.
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In most vascular plants, the leaf is the main
photosynthetic organ, although green stems
also perform photosynthesis. Leaves varyextensively in form but generally consist of a
flattened blade and a stalk, the petiole, which
joins the leaf to the stem at a node
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Opposite - two leaves (a pair) attached per node,
usually opposite each other
Alternate – one leaf attached per node, usuallystagered (spiral) along stem
Whorled - three or more leaves attached per
node, usually equally spaced arround the node.
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The place of Photosynthesis
The place of gaseous exchange
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Flower is additional organ in plant. Flower is
not always found in plant means several
plants have no flowers.
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The main function of flower is as generative
reproduction organ. Besides as generative
reproduction organ, flower also has functionas plant ornament jewelry.
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Seed is additional organ in plant. Eventhough,
the seed is main reproduction organ for seed
plant because inside that seed is foundforthcoming of the new individual. The shape of
seed is various, some have shapes of round, long,
oval, and so on.
Seed is divided into 3 main parts, those are seed
skin, endosperm, and embryo.
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Dicot
Monocot
Seed coat
Epicotyl
Cotyledons
Hypocotyl
Seed coatEndosperm
Epicotyl
Hypocotyl
RadicleCotyledon
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Fruit is not main organ in plant. Based on its formation, fruit is divided into two kind,
those are true fruit and false fruit. The Structure of Fruit Fruit is composed of seed, fruit meat, and fruit skin. Fruit skin is separated into three layers, those are
epicarp that is hard, mesocarp of thick and has meator fibrous, endocarp of thin layer or hard cell layer.
The Function of Fruit Fruit that inside is found seed has function as plant
embryo.
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