structure, development ik ivo klepáček · periodontium (parodontium) fonation speech mastication...
TRANSCRIPT
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Teeth and Parodontium structure, development
Ivo Klepáček IK
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OROFACIAL SYSTEM Multifunctional complex of structures
CNS Muscles Joints
Teeth Jaws
Periodontium (parodontium)
fonation speech mastication digestion IK
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TEETH
tooth Dens, dentis lat.
Odus, odontos gr.
DENTES
(dens incisivus, caninus, premolaris, molaris (Y5 formula) IK
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Zuby – teeth části parts
• Korunka crown (corona)
• krček neck (cervix)
• kořen root (radix)
• dřeň pulp (pulpa) IK
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Teeth
• Firast and second dentition dentes decidui (lactales), permanentes
tooth masticating cusps roots I incisal crest 1 C 2 oblique crests 1 P 2 cusps 1 (2) M - upper 4 ; fissures „H“ 3 - lower 4 (5) ; fissures + 2
„H“
„+“ IK
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IK
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IK
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FDI Fedérale Dentaire Internationale ADA American Dental Association IK
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Stálé Dočasné
Permanentes Lactei 32 20 IK
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Enamel substantia adamantinosa
• The most firm body part • Organic part
– Formed by ameloblasts – glykoproteins
(amelogenins, enamelins)
• Anorganic part 95% – hydroxyapatite
• Arranged in prisms • Among them there is the
interprismatic substance
Prisms; interprismatic substance, crystals
Ameloblasts IK
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Ameloblast: structure Secretion and reabsorbtion during enamelic matrix formation
Tomes fibers
Secretion
Tomes fiber
reabsorbtion
Nexus , desmosomes, tight junctions
Sir John Tomes,
(1815-1895), Engl. surgeon IK
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Enamel structure Crystals, prisms and interprismatic substance (short and long molecules)
Prisms proceed to surface in various angles IK
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Parazones Diazones IK
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Hunter-Schreger strips, striae
Retzius strips, striae
Perikymata ridges, grooves IK
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Dentine substantia dentinum
• calcified connective tissue
• Organic part – colllagen I,
proteoglycans – Formed by odontoblasts
• Located on the inner dentine surface
• Tomes fibers • Anorganic part
– hydroxyapatite • No-calcified dentine
• predentin • Closely to the enamel and
cementum
IK
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Dentin odontoblasts
dentine tubules
Retzius lines vonEbner
Developmental order: Primary Secondary Terciary Folowing location: Mantle Circumpulpal Interdentin Globular Predentin Odontoblasts, matrix,
fibers
IK
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ODONTOBLASTS AND AMELOBLASTS
IK
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Dentine tubules Tomes fibers Naumann sheath /sheet/ IK
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Mantle dentine Intermingling processes granular Circumpulpal dentine matrix rich Interdentine interglobular
Predentine matrix poor odontoblasts
Dentine structure
External coat Mantle dentine
10-30um; contains alfa-fibrills
Inner dentine Circumpulpal dentine
Stripped; exhibits regular secretion and mineralization layers
Predentine Amorphous; area of synthesis; polymorphous, contains proteoglycans, tropocollagen, glycoproteins IK
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Neonatal line
Incremental lines (associated with dentine maturation) Von Ebner Adresen Neonatal Relation between primary and secondary dentine
Mineralizing in birth IK
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Flow of fluid around Tomes fibers and nerve endings inside canals are responsible for dentine sensitivity IK
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Hypersensitive area Hyposensitive area
IK
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Cementum = substantia ossea
• Thin layer on the root
• Similar to the spongy bone
• Cellular part – cementocytes IK
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Cementum Cementoblasts, mucoprotein substance, fibers
Cellulare: Collagen fibers + intercellulare substance + cementocytes Non cellulare: Collagen fibers + intercellular substance
IK
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Relation between cementum, dentine and enamel
IK
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Hypercementosis IK
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Pulp
fibroblasts
ramification
• Odontoblasts, • Weil subodontoblastic layer • Layer rich by nuclei
Pulpocytes (mesenchymal cells, fibrocytes) basic substance (collagen fibers, sugars, elastic fibers) free cells (histiocytes, monocytes, plasmatic cells)
IK
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IK
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IK
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Raschkow plexus
Nerve fibers with vesels
Cell contacts
Bipolar pulpocyte
IK
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Exchange of ionts between external environment and pulp IK
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Teeth: Vascular and nervous supply
n.V/2 br.alveolares sup. post. br.alveolares sup. ant. n.V/3 n. alveolaris inf. plexus dent. (sup., inf.) br. dentales, gingivales aa. alveolares sup. post. aa. alveolares sup. ant. a. alveolaris inf. vv. – follow arteries to the pterygoid plexus lnodi. submandibulares (x M3) IK
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Periodontium (Parodontium) Cementum, Cortical layer of alveolus Periodontal ligaments Gingiva (Mucoperiosteum) Cells Fibers Matrix Ligaments Plasma Vessels Nerves
“hydroelastic pillow“ IK
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PARODONTIUM Periodontium IK
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Sulcus gingivae
Paramarginal sulcus
Gingiva = relation to the teeth – “cuff (collar) attachment“ IK
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Gingiva proper (attached) =
pink, stippled, keratizing
Alveolar mucosa (“loose gingiva“) =
shiny red, nonkeratizing
Gingiva = fibrous tissue + mucous membrane Free: Interdental; embrasured; circumdental Attached: Adjacent,fixed IK
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Gum = Gingiva • Non-keratinized
epithelium - parakeratosis
• Multilayered epithelium
• Gingival groove • Junctional epithelium
– gingivodental junction / closure IK
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Interdental, circumdental, dentoalveolar, interalveolar ligaments
Ligamentous slings and circles help to tight attachment between gingiva and tooth IK
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Upper teeth arch exhibits parabolic form Lower teeth arch exhibits hyperbolic form IK
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Arches
parabolic
hyperbolic IK
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Function of the Tooth
fixation system
Tooth fixation, elasticity, (hydroelastic cushion) nutrition, asistance during eruption
0.3-0.5
0.1-0.2
About 0.2 mm
IK
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IK
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Free gingival groove changes
into periodontal
pocket IK
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I1 I2
P2 P1
M1
M3
M2 C
Normoocclusio Angle I
Edward Hartley Angle (June 1, 1855 - August 11, 1930) Americký dentista
IK
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frontal
lateral IK
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Wilson curve
Spee curve
Monson
IK
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Variations and
anomalies • Mesiodens • Paramolar • Tuberculum Carabelli • Divergention or convergention of roots • Fusion of roots • Intradental location of tooth (dens in dente) • Root hyperplasia IK
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IK
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Teeth as a whole complex mordex = dentition
• ortodental position (vertical axes of teeth) • articulation = occlusion
– 80% psalidodontia (scissor-like occlusion) = norm – progenia = lower teeth in front of the upper ones – (hiatodontia (= mordex apertus), stegodontia, prognathia,
opisthodontia) IK
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IK
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IK
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Anodontia;
hypodontia;
diastema
Tooth abnormalities in shape and position;
Gingivitis IK
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Bodily shift
Mesial shift
Resorbtion -
Apposition + IK
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“to palate“ “to tongue“
“wedge from“
“contact form“
Abrasion VII classes IK
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IK
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Tooth development
• week 6 development of the dental lamina (dental molding) – Thick epithelium
inside oralmucous membrane
• Each molding has about 10 center of the proliferations – Dental buds IK
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Tooth developmental stages • Dental bud
– Local thick epithelium, 10 in each jaw
• Dental cap – Ectoderm part → enamel organ – Invagination of the mesenchyme → dental papilla
week 8
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• Dental bud (hat) → bell – External dental organ – Dental reticulum – Inner dental organ – Dental papilla → dental pulp – Dentl sac → cementum, periodontal ligaments
Tooth developmental stages
week 8
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• Epithelial dental sheath (cervical sling) – Area of the contact between
inner and outer enamelic epithelium
– Ingrowth to the mesenchyme; root induction
Tooth developmental stages
month 3 IK
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Použitá literatura
R. Čihák: Anatomie 1, 2, 3 Grada Publishing 2003
M. Dykes : Anatomy 2th edition, Mosby 2002
S.Snell: Clinical anatomy for Medical Students 6th edition, Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins
I.Klepáček, J.Mazánek et al.: Klinická anatomie ve stomatologii
Grada Publishing 2001
G.J.Tortora : Principles of Human Anatomy 4th edition, Williams & Wilkins
K.L.Moore, A.F.Dalley: Clinically Oriented Anatomy 4th edition, Williams & Wilkins
F.H.Netter: anatomický atlas člověka Vlastní archív
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