structural engineering solutions to architectural...

Structural Engineering Solutions to Architectural Challenges

Dr. Karoon Chandrangsu

• Primary Requirements for structural design

– Stability

– Strength and stiffness

– Economy

• Structural Planning and Design

– Architectural design “Art of making forms”

– Structural planning “Feeling for Structures”

– Structural Design “ Art of proportioning”

• Idealization of Structures

Real Structure Idealized Structure

(Mathematical and physical model of structures)

Nowadays, more and more advanced structural systems have emerged to accommodate the current challenging architectural design trends.

• Computer Aided Design and Construction

In the past – Hand calculation

Present – 3D computer analysis

Future – 3D computer analysis with BIM

• Structural Mode of failure

• Fail-safe Concept

• Design – Construction Coordination

• Strength and Stability

Well defined problem statement when dealing with free form architecture

New SET headquarters

- Composite columns were used (concrete filled steel tube)- Steel transfer beams (4.5 m deep)

Case Study

Problem Statement






- Composite columns were used (concrete filled steel tube)

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- Steel transfer beams

G Land Tower

- North tower has over 31m cantilever span on the top- South tower is 8 degree inclined from verticality

Case Study

Problem Statement






North TowerRC Frame and shear core interaction

Steel structure

South TowerCentral framework - RC Frame and shear core interaction

Side framework- Inclined RC frame (columns and beams)

Case Study

Problem Statement






-The total height is 315m and the width of the building is 20m.

Aspect ratio = 15 Very slender

Magnolia Waterfront Residence

Wind Tunnel Test for Structural Loadings using High Frequency Force Balance (HFFB) method

– Lightweight model

– Measure forces at the base

– Model terrains around buildings and nearby buildings

– Wind is applied from all directions (magnitude in each direction depends on wind climate study)

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-40

-20

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Wind Direction [deg]

Fy

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• Acceptance Criteria

– Structural members must be able to resist wind forces under ultimate limit state without failing

– Under service limit states, deflection must be less than Z/400 (Z = Elevations) to avoid damages to nonstructural components (partition walls, façade) and to reduce perceptions of occupants

– Acceleration must be within acceptable limits to avoid discomfort to occupants

Special structural systems are required in order to sustain wind loads

1) Wall shaped columns and large central lift core

Special Structural Systems for Lateral Loads

2) Outrigger floors on L26M and L42M

Special Structural Systems for Lateral Loads

– Outrigger trusses link the columns in the front and in the back so they effectively deform together

• Effects of Outriggers Trusses

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Dis

pla

cem

ent

Elevation (m)

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cem

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Elevation (m)

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tal D

rift

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tio

Elevation (m)

– lateral sway can be significantly reduced by adding outrigger floors

Dhammakaya Temple

Case Study

Problem Statement






Bangkok Art and Cultural CenterPhayathai Road, Bangkok

• Long span structure• Curved structure

Case Study

Problem Statement






The new Thai House of Parliament Samsean road, Bangkok

• Considered as one of the most important buildings in Thailand

• Deep excavation near the river

• Blast resistance design for podium columns

• Long span structures and special building crown which expresses classical Thai architecture

Case Study

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Structural Modification for meeting room at Klai Kang VaunPalace, Hua-Hin

Case Study

• Eliminate columns in the middle to accommodate column free space

Thank you

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