STEPS OF STRUCTURAL DESIGN

1. Study the architectural drawings thoroughly. Note down the special architectural

features, if any.

2. Decide the location of the columns and the beams.

3. Decide the depth of the foundation

4. Decide the section properties of the beams and columns using your experience and

keeping in view various IS code clauses..

5. Make the geometry of the structure using STAAD software.

6. Add the offsetting, wherever required.

7. Take the following printouts:

a. Reaction nodes with node nos. and required node to node distances.

b. Beams at various levels with beam nos. and properties.

c. Columns at various levels with full sections.

8. Compare the geometry of the structure with architectural drawings and make

corrections, wherever required.

9. Decide the loadings for various portions of the structure.

10. Design various slabs to get the exact loadings.

11. Write the loads – floor and member loads on the printouts taken in step 6 at various

levels. Also note the coordinates for floor loads, wherever required.

12. Add the member and floor loads in the model carefully.

13. Add the earthquake loads, load combinations and load list.

14. Analyze the structure.

15. Go to post pressing to take down the data for design of foundations, columns and

beams as detailed below.

Proportioning of Foundations

1. Select all the reaction nodes and take the report of the reactions for the selected load

cases.

2. Copy the reaction report in the first sheet of the Reactions.xls.

3. Run macro ctrl + b.

4. Write the number of load cases and run macro ctrl + d.

5. Sort the reactions as per the load cases + nodes.

6. Select the reactions of a particular load case and copy to the second sheet of the

Reactions.xls.

7. Group the footings on the reaction node sheet after looking at the architectural drgs

clinically as A, B, C etc. The independent and combined footings also to be decided at

this stage. This step should be discussed in detail.

8. Add the SBC and the load factor in the third sheet of Reactions.xls. Note that the SBC

for the earthquake cases need to be multiplied by 1.33. Also the load factor to be

revised as per the respective load case.

9. Looking at the reaction nodes sheet as in step 7, enter the reaction nodes depending on

the layout of the footing. The rest of the data corresponding to the nodes is picked up

from the second sheet.

10. Choose the SBC and the shorter dimension of the foundation and write the size of the

foundation for future use.

11. Copy the first set and complete the process for all the sets of reactions. Make sure that

that the size of the footings taken will not overlap. In case of overlapping revise to

combined footings. Or otherwise check the combined footings presumed earlier as

independent footings. The size of the footings taken should be discussed in detail.

12. Get the size of the footings marked on the AutoCAD drawing to confirm that there is no

overlapping of footings.

13. Copy the third sheet and rename it as LC8 or for whatever load case it was meant to be.

Copy the whole data and paste special as values.

14. Select another load case values from sheet 1 and copy to sheet 2. All the values in the

third sheet will get revised. Pay attention to the red marked columns. And revise

accordingly. Note that the SBC for the earthquake cases need to be multiplied by 1.33.

Also the load factor to be revised as per the respective load case.

15. Check the dimensions of the foundations and revise wherever, required. Write the

corresponding load case, only if the dimensioning of the foundation is changed..

16. Note that the last sheet will show the proportioning of foundations taking in to account

all the load cases.

Design of Foundations

1. The excel sheet for design of isolated footings and combined footings is being revised

and is under preparation.

Sorting out Column Design Forces

1. Select all the columns of a particular level and take the report of the beam properties

and copy it to the first sheet of the ColumnDesignForces.xls.

2. Keep the columns selected and take the report for the end forces for the selected load

cases and copy the report to the second sheet of the ColumnDesignForces.xls.

3. With second sheet selected, run the macro ctrl + e. Write the number of load conditions

and run the macro ctrl + f.

4. Copy the value of the forces (5 columns) on the side by writing the formula for the

absolute values and copy the absolute values to the existing columns by paste special

values only.

5. Sort the values in the table in the third sheet as beam + axial forces and run the macro

ctrl + g. Note that before running the macro you must write the number of load

conditions in the top most row in the corresponding column.

6. Repeat the above step with sorting as beam + Moment y and run the macro ctrl + h.

7. Repeat the above step with sorting as beam + Moment z and run the macro ctrl + i.

8. The column design forces are now available in the third sheet for the columns at a

particular level. Take the print out after properly doing the page setup and attach it with

the column nos printout taken earlier.

Design of Columns

1. Design the columns using Colmn.xls. Copy the data in the first row of the second page

to the table below by pasting values only future reference. The name of the worksheet

to be given as C size % of steel.

2. Design the vertical column at all levels because the size remains the same. Note the

column no. on the printed sheet of the columns.

Design of Beams

1. Develop the library of the beams using beam.xls. Take the printouts and store for future

reference as well.

2. Take the printout of the BM diagrams along the x axis and z axis for all levels with the

critical moment values for the envelope load condition and take the printouts.

3. Write the number of bars required in the printed BM diagram sheets using the beam

library.

Design of Stair Case

1. Design the stair case using stair.xls.