structural and magnetic properties of superconductor / …...2017/09/25 · structural and magnetic...
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Structuralandmagneticpropertiesofsuperconductor/YttriumIronGarnetheterostructures withBiandNb
1Mario Amado 2017
MarioAmado,L.McKenzie-Sell,A.diBernardo,J.Robinson
DeviceMaterialsGroup,UniversityofCambridge
C.Ciccarelli,OptoelectronicsCambridge
S.Ruiz,L.Perezetal. UCMMadrid
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Outline
1. Motivation
2. Growth and characterization of bare YIG thin films
3. Nb/YIG
4. Bi/YIG and BiCu/YIG
2Mario Amado 2017
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Spintronics
3Mario Amado 2017
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Superconductingspintronics
4Mario Amado 2017
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SuperconductingDOS,ZeemansplitS
5Mario Amado 2017
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6Mario Amado 2017
YttriumIronGarnet(YIG)properties
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• YIG(Y3Fe5O12)- Cubicunitcell:160atoms- Y3+ ions(black)coordinatedbyeightO2- ions(red)- Fe3+ ions(white):2octahedral,3tetrahedralsites
Resistivityρ>1012 ΩmCurietemperature550K
YttriumIronGarnet(YIG)properties
Mario Amado 2017
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• Ferrimagnetic- Ironioncoordinationsitesexhibitdifferentspins- Y3Fe2Fe3O12
YttriumIronGarnet(YIG)properties
Mario Amado 2017
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WhythinYIG?
9
YIG grown by liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) is high quality, but usually > 2 um thick
This is good for exciting spin wave modes…… but not as effective for spin pumping, for which the uniform mode dominates
Dushenko, S., Higuchi, Y., Ando, Y., Shinjo, T., & Shiraishi, M. (2015). Ferromagnetic resonance and spin pumping efficiency for inverse spin-Hall effect normalization in yttrium-iron-garnet-based systems. Applied Physics Express, 8(10), 103002. https://doi.org/10.7567/APEX.8.103002
40 nm 10 um2 um
Mario Amado 2017
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YIG:Growthandcharacterization
Mario Amado 2017
Growth methods: VPE, Hydrothermal growth, LPE DC/RF-Sputtering
• Pulsedlaserdeposition
– <100nmthick– Gd3Ga5O12(GGG)– Hightemperatures(>750°C)– LowO2 pressure
220
330
440660
770
880
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11Mario Amado 2017
YIG:Growthandcharacterization
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12Mario Amado 2017
Betterthan0.015° fromHauserScientificReports (2016)
FWHM=0.0059°
49 50 51 52 53
102
103
104
105
106
107
Inte
nsity
(cps
)
2q (degrees)
Here YIG has extended out-of-plane lattice parameter
YIG 12.376 ± 0.004 Å [1]GGG 12.383 Å [2]
[1] Wang, X. Metallic Spintronic Devices. (2014).[2] Tang, C. et al. Phys. Rev. B 94, 1–5 (2016).
YIG:Growthandcharacterization
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13Mario Amado 2017
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.010
100
1k
10k
100k
1M XRR data Best fit
Inte
nsity
(cps
)
2q (degrees)
82 nm thick film
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.80.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0Z
(nm
)
X (µm)
∼0.17Åroughness on terrace∼ 0.17nm overall
YIG:Growthandcharacterization
GGG
YIG
Pt
CourtesyofS.Velez,J.Gomez,F.CasanovaandL.Hueso @Nanogune
2 nm
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YIGmagneticanisotropy- VSM
14Mario Amado 2017
Courtesy of Graham Kimbell
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15Mario Amado 2017
ExperimentsinvolvingYIG
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16Mario Amado 2017
ExperimentsinvolvingYIG
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17Mario Amado 2017
ExperimentsinvolvingYIG
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Nb/YIGbilayer
18Mario Amado 2017
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Nb/YIGbilayer
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YIG
Superconductor:Nb
GGG(Gd3Ga5O12)substrate
30-60nm,PulsedLaserDeposition
10-50nm,magnetronsputteredBulkTc =9.2K
111or110oriented
Mario Amado 2017
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Spinpumpingintoasuperconductor
20
YIGNb
Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR)
Spin pumping
𝑗"𝝈$ ∼ 𝑔(↑↓1𝑀"- 𝑴 𝑡 ×
𝑑𝑴 𝑡𝑑𝑡 [1]
[1] Z. Qiu et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, (2013).
[2]
[2] D. Wei et al., Nat Commun 5, 3768 (2014).
Mario Amado 2017
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Spinpumpingintoasuperconductor
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• Permalloy/Nb (metallic FM)• Cavity FMR (fixed frequency)
C.Bell,S.Milikisyants,M.Huber,andJ.Aarts,Phys.Rev.Lett.100,1(2008).
• YIG/Nb• Waveguide FMR
Mario Amado 2017
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BareYIG:RoomtemperatureFMR
22
Kittel relation for in-plane FMR
YIG 79nm
YIG 79nm
γ = 2.88 ± 0.015 MHz/OeMeff = 154 ± emu/cm3
Mario Amado 2017
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FMRwithNb/YIG– roomtemperature
23
Increased damping à Nb is acting as a spin sink from the YIG
YIG 79nm
YIG 79nm | Nb 37 nm
Sample Damping 10-4
YIG 79nm 7.3 ± 0.5
YIG 79nm | Nb 37nm 34 ± 1
Jermain et al [1](15 nm, sputtered)
9.0 ± 0.2
Tang et al. [2](100 nm, PLD)
~1.0
Hauser et al. [3](56 nm, PLD)
0.62 ± 0.15
[1] Jermain, C. L. et al. (2016).[2] Tang, C. et al. Applied Physics Letters 108, (2016).[3] Hauser, C. et al. Sci. Rep. 1–13 (2016). doi:10.1038/srep20827
Mario Amado 2017
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BareYIG:Low-temperatureFMR
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T = 4.2 K
Mario Amado 2017
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BareYIG:Temperature-dependentdamping
25
Compare:
Temperature-dependent damping of bare YIG (VNA measurement)Filled red markers
Jermain, C. L. et al. Increased low-temperature damping in yttrium iron garnet thin films. (2016).
Temp dependence - explanation by Jermain et al.Two magnon scatteringImpurity relaxation
Mario Amado 2017
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BareYIG:Effectivemagnetisation
26
𝑓 = 𝛾(𝐻(9" − 4𝜋𝑀)
Note: out-of-plane FMR has different Kittel relation
Courtesy of Graham Kimbell
Mario Amado 2017
Anisotropy higher than that expected from shape
‘Deformation blockage’
Hu = (-350 ± 20) Oe
Jermain, C. L. et al. (2016).Haidar, M. et al. J. Appl. Phys. 117, 115–119 (2015).
Anderson, E. E. Phys. Rev. 134, A1581--A1585 (1964).
Manuilov, S. A. & Grishin, A. M. J. Appl. Phys. 106, 123917 (2009).Manuilov, S. A. & Grishin, A. M. J. Appl. Phys. 108, (2010).
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FMRNb/YIG– 290Kto10K
27
Signal size ~ 0.6 mVSensitivity = 10 mVPower for -7 mV offset
Signal size ~ 0.06 mVSensitivity = 50, 20 mVPower for 5 dBm on sample
Mario Amado 2017
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FMRNb/YIG– belowTc:fieldmodulation
28
FMR signal weak compared to box background.Due to the superconducting transition 7.7K
YIG111 75 nm YIG 79nm | Nb 37 nm
Mario Amado 2017
Increased sensitivity by lock-in onto modulated H0 field and preamplification. Directly obtain signal derivative down to 4.2 K.
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FMRNb/YIG– Damping
29Mario Amado 2017
YIG 79nm | Nb 37 nm
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Bi/YIGandBi-dopedCu/YIG
30Mario Amado 2017
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Bi/YIGandBi-dopedCu/YIG
31Mario Amado 2017
• Giant SHE have also been predicted in metals doped with impurities.• SHA of ∼ − 0.24 has been measured [1] in Bi-Cu alloys with ∼ 0.5% impurities.• Compare to Pt which SHA ∼ 0.076• Possibility of having Bi-doped Cu films with a Bi ∼ 10% without evidences of segregation
or clustering formation
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Bi/YIGandBi-dopedCu/YIG
32Mario Amado 2017
• Giant SHE have also been predicted in metals doped with impurities.• SHA of ∼ − 0.24 has been measured [1] in CuBi alloys with a ∼ 0.5% impurities.• Compare to Pt which SHA ∼ 0.076• Possibility of having Bi-doped Cu films with a Bi ∼ 10% without evidences of segregation
or clustering formation
[1] Y. Niimi, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 156602 (2012).
-1 1 0 4 Bi
WithE.Garcia-Michel,M.Plaza,P.Segovia,UAMMadrid
YIG 120nm | Bi 30 nm
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BandstructureBi/YIGfromARPES@Elettra
Mario Amado 2017
35 nm Bi on YIG 111
Electronic band structure of the Bi film along surfaceGM direction.
The BE origin corresponds to the Fermi level.
In very good agreement with results for single-crystalline Bi(111).
Some bands near the Fermi level correspond to Bi(111) surface states.
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𝑃 =𝐼↑ − 𝐼↓𝐼↑ + 𝐼↓
BandstructureBi/YIGfromARPES@Elettra
Mario Amado 2017
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BandstructureBi/YIGfromARPES@Elettra
Mario Amado 2017
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Bi-dopedCu/YIG
36Mario Amado 2017
a)
b) c)
Cu 111 Cu 111
√3×√3 R30 Bi
√3×√3 R30 Bi
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Bi-dopedCu/YIG
37Mario Amado 2017
Bi5Cu95 Bi40Cu60
Bi25Cu75 Bi5Cu95
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Bi-dopedCu/YIGFMRRT
38Mario Amado 2017
∆𝐻BCD= ∆𝐻E +2 ∝3� 𝛾
𝑤2𝜋
𝒀𝑰𝑮:∝= 3.7x10ST
Cu99Bi1/YIG: ∝= 5.4x10ST50% increase at RT
∆𝐻BCD= ∆𝐻E +2 ∝3� 𝛾
𝑤2𝜋
𝒀𝑰𝑮:∝= 1.7x10ST
Cu96Bi4/YIG: ∝= 3.7x10ST100% increase at RT
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Conclusionsandfurtherwork• High quality YIG thin film growth, Nb/YIG bilayer deposition.
• Room temp. FMR • YIG damping: 7 *10-4 for ~ 80 nm• Nb/YIG damping: increases by 5x
• FMR examining additional magnetic phenomena in YIG at low temperatures• Temperature dependent magnetisation and damping• Connection to growth & RT properties
• Spin-pumping in Nb/YIG being extended to below Nb Tc (7.7 K) using field modulation and preamplification.
• Bi/YIG and Bi-doped Cu/YIG for spin pumping and SHE• Cu90Bi10/YIG achievable• Low temperature FMR in progress
39Mario Amado 2017