strong authentication and secure communication protocol for handheld devices in wireless

8/10/2019 Strong Authentication and Secure Communication Protocol for Handheld Devices in Wireless

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Multi-Band Miniaturized MicrostripPatch Antenna loaded with

Metamaterials structure for RF EnergyHarvesting

tatement of ignificance

!he need for alternate energy sources has "ecome essential the demand for power increases due flourishing of electronic industries# $n the last few recent decadesEnergy from e%ternal sources such as solar power& thermal energy& wind energy&and RF energy has "een harvested for various application purposes# 'irelessenergy transmission such as Electromagnetic waves can "e used e%tensively asrenewa"le resource to charge "atteries# (icole !esal suggested an idea of wireless

power transmission and carried out the first e%periment on 'P! )*+# ' , Brown presented the MP! research and developed a rectenna ) +#

!he RF energy source into three general groups. intentional sources& anticipatedam"ient sources& and un/nown am"ient sources ) +# RF energy from surroundingsources& such as near"y mo"ile phones& wireless 0A(s 1'0A(s2& FM3AM radiosignals& and "roadcast television signals& is captured "y a receiving antenna andrectified into a usa"le 4, voltage#

Among various receiving antennas& microstrip patch antennas are widely used "ecause of their low profile& light weight& low cost and ro"ust# However& at thesame time they have disadvantages of low efficiency& narrow "andwidth andsurface wave losses#

!he "asic principle of designing Microstrip patch antennas consisting of a metal patch is deposited on dielectric material considering different parameters suchlength of patch and height of su"strate#

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tatement of Purpose

4uring my Ph4 studies& $ intend to design Multi-Band MiniaturizedMicrostrip Patch 'eara"le Antenna using Metamaterials for rectennas# !his studyaim to design and implement on hardware the Multi"and Micro strip patch antennato resonate at multi "ands in the range of to 6 7Hz $ M "and covering most of commercial communication applications#

everal methods can "e studied consisting of defected ground structure andmodified su"strate and with slotted patch can "e helpful for reducing the size of microstrip antennas# !hey include the use of high dielectric constant su"strates&modification of the "asic patch shapes& short circuiting the patch to the ground

plane& and other techni8ues that can com"ine these three methods#

'hen high dielectric constant su"strates are used& the guided wavelengthunderneath the patch is reduced9 hence& the resonating patch size is also reduced#!he reduction ratio is appro%imately related to the s8uare root of the relative

permittivity :;r# tatement of the Pro"lem

!he antennas inherently suffer from draw "ac/ such as narrow "andwidth& gain and efficiency pro"lem and e%citation of surface waves )*+#

urface waves are "y-products in many antenna designs# $t directselectromagnetic wave propagation along the ground plane instead of radiationinto free space& conse8uently reduce the antenna efficiency and gain# !hediffraction of surface waves increases the "ac/ lo"e radiations& which maydeteriorate the signal to noise ratio in wireless communication systems such as7P receivers# !he "and-gap feature of EB7 structures has found useful

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applications in suppressing the surface waves in various antenna designs# For e%ample& an EB7 structure is used to surround a micro strip antenna to increase theantenna gain and reduce the "ac/ lo"e as shown in )>+#

Many techni8ues have "een used over the years to reduce the size of antenna& such as using parallel slots in the patch )*+& applying su"strates withhigher permittivity?s ) +& shorting pin method to increase the electrical length of theantenna )>+# A num"er of slots and slits have "een introduced in the patch of antenna to achieve the size reduction )@+# !hese all methods are used to distur" thecurrent distri"ution on the antenna or in other words the current path of antenna isma%imized which leads to decrease in the resonant fre8uency#

'hile carrying out miniaturization process& there is a possi"ility that

the antenna may lose its characteristics properties )6+# $n this pro ect an attempt has "een madeto design an antenna having reduced size while the parameters of antenna do not degrade#

Research Questions

!here are a num"er of !o effectively suppress the surface waves in multi

"and patch antenna considering fre8uency range of *-*= 7Hz different EB7structured can "e used to overcome the challenges facing patch antenna inoperation such as perational Bandwidth& Efficiency impedance matching etc# !heEB7 cells will "e design using fractal geometry #!he EB7 cell is very compact

"ecause of the high dielectric constant and the thic/ su"strate employed#

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!he proposed solution to the surface wave pro"lem in the multi-"and Antenna isrealized with help of fractal geometry in rectangular patch and may "e e%tended tocircular patch antenna will consist of following strategies

How we can eliminate surface wave we can design EB7 structure "y ma/ingholes 1,ylindrical or Rectangle as E7B cell2 in the dielectric or in the ground

plane or in "oth using different#

!o select su"strate "est fit to our design# 4ifferent dielectric material li/eFRC@ Epo%y& !elefon etc with three to five layers can "e used#

!he s8uare slot EB7 cell can also "e used with dielectric material such as

FR-@ with dielectric constant of @#@ and varying thic/ness of it#

!he fourth stage is to select a feeding techni8ue "est suita"le for the proposed design#

'e can also consider thic/ su"strate under the patch to /eep the antenna "andwidth and use a thin su"strate around the patch which reduces the surfacewaves# !he surface wave?s generation can "e reduced9 "andwidth and gain can

"e increased "y using Mushroom-li/e Electromagnetic Band 7ap 1EB72 structure&with rectangular micro strip patch antenna#

Methodology

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'ith the advancement in wireless communication& the need of compactand porta"le devices has greatly increased# $n spite of carrying a large size wireless

device& there is a desire to have devices which are very small in size# For this purpose it is necessary to have an antenna compati"le with these wirelesscommunication devices# !he proposed antenna is aimed to fulfill the re8uirementof porta"le and compact communication systems#

Based on the a"ove mentioned facts& the dominant goals of this wor/ can "e formulated as follows.

elect essential parameters#

4etermine patch dimension and feed networ/#

imulate and analyze the designed antenna

,ompare measured results with the theoretical results#

!est whether the targeted goal has "een achieved or not#

,orrect simulation setup of EB7 unit cell in full-wave softwaretools , ! Microwave tudio and Ansoft HF for surface waves

dispersion analysis#

Fully automated computer design of periodic structures with surface

wave "and gap with the main o" ective to find "and gap 1the central

fre8uency2 and the largest "andwidth#

Derification of the proposed design techni8ues on e%amples of

periodic structures for different applications#

Simulator:

CST STUDIO SUITE 2011

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!he electromagnetic simulation software , ! ! 4$ $!E is theculmination of many years of research and development into the most

accurate and efficient computational solutions for electromagneticdesigns# $t comprises , !?s tools for the design and optimization of devices operating in a wide range of fre8uencies - static to optical#Analyses may include thermal and mechanical effects& as well as circuitsimulation#

, ! ! 4$ $!E "enefits from an integrated designenvironment which gives access to the entire range of solver technology#

ystem assem"ly and modeling facilitates multi-physics and co-simulation as well as the management of entire electromagnetic systems

7antt chart

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References.)*+ Banitsas& G#A#& 7eorgiadis& P#& !acha/ra& #& and ,avouras& 4#& : sing handheld devices for real-time wireless telecommunication*=6->*=5& ==@#

) + usilo& '#& : ecuring handheld devices@ ->6@& == #

)>+ M#- # Hwang& ,#-,# 0ee& #-G# ,hong and I#-'# 0o& :A /ey management of for wirelesscommunicationsJ-> & * 5#

)*=+ 4# Patiyoot& # I# hepherd& :!echni8ues for authentication protocols and /ey distri"ution on wirelessA!M networ/s & issue @& pp# 6-> & * 5#

)**+ G# M# Martin and ,# I# Mitchell& :,omments on an optimized protocol for mo"ile networ/ authentication and security


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)* + 4# # 'ong& :An optimized authentication protocol for mo"ile networ/ reconsidered ->@*& ==>#

)*@+ Ghan& '#& llah& H# and Hussain& R#& :Energy-efficient Mutual Authentication Protocol for Handheld4evices Based on Pu"lic Gey ,ryptography>-@>J& =*=#

)*6+ Ghan& '# and llah& H#& :Authentication and ecure ,ommunication in 7 M& 7PR & and M!sing Asymmetric ,ryptography

strong authentication and secure communication protocol for handheld devices in wireless

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