string theory + universe or cosmoligy

7/25/2019 String Theory + Universe or cosmoligy

1/18

s

o

oae,soeeiso?sneii o

d adtegiei ieei g? e enieindp oaputeoieii dc uk auiceieeoegeee eeiietaliucke

ei igg iiome ieapao g,oioeimdetd eiegriiet,eteeea ieee-pieipokkuck10^16GeV eeidkeeeei10^19GeV gosoei..10^19GeV eikeiktgpjetc:

m=(hc/G)^1/2 = 1.22*10^19GeV/c^2eiuce se eaiee(e,an, ik eie )tkaeo e kmpaoeipiieeieieaieepaeip eeoeapeeiisoeigrekaieoei

soeidcpikieijie,ueigie?eieiieiipij, dueenneieepucietiktoi


2/18

jeintoseetieei ipi , ei 10^-32 n ( 32

1e)eeieenieeot1soa ei dk

eeeeo,po e ei e eeo ei ol (u,)eeikg

eeeitgn,ijeeeingeege ei eiee ei o deiceaoaeteeise?j?emmietau

?

o

j

g

o

e

eeeirggeegee2eisona g e e e gr s o ei ni pnkicioossr,eaaeedoaipp, iaaegaai,


3/18

eiieeia i, kkaiigkeiiek eiiiieE=mc^2

eiskiiijepioepgsoktieiaiijeoeisinelneieiigjnei12bieieegekbegu,,, sj,,bi,uo,uo,u m, g, kedeig eim

dmeaeeapggdkodedW+, W- , Zdog k o ge e o eeiesosogieoaepae-so?soeeeieikeea, mkppeicdoeieiaputakeeaojia

eieikgeejggsoieieikk:kktakaeki,rk, k,kekhrks:eueidraenu

eeeip,eigerkei i gk ei g e e ga-, i-, -ieieigk u i eg egeeue,apnua


4/18

i , e s e e e ol

olek p r a ea i o

teigeacdea e

u c d

eol

eu u i g (ng) ai (nno-

eie g e ro)

eicden dei

oidk

e eiuck eik c i

eip inr _____________________________

______________

perturbation theory:

eitieaijingaeoeioa eoaioenee utp s igeai:1) eiomkd,ki(r)


5/18

2)nnip____________________________________________

eeidee? edik, ?(eeeitpmeeki

i ti e i ei t nkeeu oeiep-eige)eadkee alekeialokoeeepeeookesdkeiieisgkseee

unn:unnpiega p a oiippujunneii sdeukusgeeseeunn.eki,ukukse

deiD-braneDp-brane (epe t) egduksdpieeukedunn:u n:ukgukk k e k i n:D-brane uiD-brane eik(ijeniei?)epD-brane?uksprp

iD-braneD-brane g-t-1ragtatee, peuceu 2-tp3 i iuiso9teet10tcsoD9-branecn


6/18

egeup= -uks

instanto ep= 0ee brane

D-brane

suk

1.5, 2.5

()pepeeiii,iese

k

D-bra1ea

en,,e

D0es

e

ag r

W eZ (eoie

ei o

aj, o

e iD-bra

e n(-brane ek

eeiD-bran

ei

60acie

i

De (

pseudopart e

aD-2tD-brane

e gd

o o d

nop, ueiee), o(

tks r e

nit

u2-braneti

icle g a i

sas D2-bra

oek

o

eei

eeiji

eig

et

n 1-brane )

k ege e

d

ag ie

) e

iea pp a

eeee

te

k epD-

ee

eo

ee

(me

epjo

oe

(e

n D-instan

eneie

e di

(ik, ea

),

ie

neek oii

ea

e

i)

ton :

)tiD2

k

,

a

iei

r


7/18

keoeie ge gkei eo

i, rieikl, i,iep

eeeiedieldeilleolo

el ee emeeeeemeeeae1eaei


8/18

ei o

eeg pie ee o

eeeieoeueiioeo i oeei kt (nkt nlo) eisoitp10e(aao)i, ieei ei d 4t (puc)?eii id iei

i p u io eu s o ei tn eeiieo ei a 5ps ige gType ISO(32), Type IIA, Type IIB,

SO(32) Heterotic e E8 x E8

Heterotic.

ei eiie einE8 x E8 Heterotic n e eiusgoaeekeikkaktei:

aiiieeieeeaeojeuctpioaakai , e s o :ptitpuc4eaiegn?egepucootgahtiu


9/18

re ?a35m3m uo2m 6 m l e 5 505 m r

eiu6tegletept t cso4etgi, ei eklsiiegpeiucteieu-iidijiioae ceiietetdieieeoniee

ed akedeid iaeiddtpi

euciieii oa ig g otie

ite ee r rieauctg

? eetreeir, r

iee e m s omi56ueuu35m3e5meu?mteaoutgeieiotakt (, p, uc) genrtegi?iioaeoei

oimettgi? i i g eeitmet+= 5tdeoaktpempeeie5temutieiee


10/18

i a e r eakoeii5t

iigm

m

i

igieseeinolipoooaoiedieo

eii igmettii oageeit6tii?iolp

i i5t i6e e ieiii p rii eeii

i ei t 1 TeV k ieei14Gevoi1000Gevi1TeV

o(d)eeieieit eten,eu

goohigeeao ei ekitrim ec e g eiioe6t eiaegipk

ss!d? iiie iia iri i

aidieiiijiu i iinia , io ii, i ii,oa!idiiuueiid


11/18

so5edieijseotgiir ioi, 1/r eieieiT-dualityType IIA eType IIB, SO(32) Heterotic eE8 x E8 Heterotic sgeiT-duality ep

ijrrrkaeijgajjpopueipaiii,kr, oeipu agteij nsopi oaeje oet28% j72% nsoaip as e,iisoi

e,eoges? skrl a g s og uk edpeueiukiukeaeukekgeeagegeesol et12,3, 4,keiag ret oa soa 11t10

so5j5jeieuksegteeakeiotejrkei5jsopg:Type IIB:gs,uksiD-brane et-1,1,3,5,7Type IIA: eoseeeD-brane et0,2,4,6,8E8 x E8 Heterotic :seeD-branetSO(32) Heterotic:seeD-branetType I SO(32):ukeseeD-brane et1,5,9ssddeisojp;egdsgiigeieiid T-duality ej(T-dualityseuditietXXttYYteit4eiea


12/18

eeidteksX t a Y t dt

o eiieksYt R e es ei k s k W=n/R n cest

esk,tbktYtsum=1m=-1iesgiea

eodieeeids 1+(-1)= 0 a cekscktekw= mRieiceiT-duality)

dS-duality epornkrdgaidga, eiodgeir, so 5 so eiso eage10teisokisoS-duality10tSO(32) Heterotic ethe Type Iseeisoseeoid i sg o eaa (oo- 3)Type I soheterotic SO(32) eeidp , e Type IIB e i p 1995eouieee11tType IIA eE8 xE8eaeiS-dualitype-oeo:eopeso10e11tgmkgt11toesimkieD brane oieM brane eolael


13/18

eoghpteeketes11gteiType IIAse eo10tetRM brane e2teM2

brane t tgM2brane egtpeType IIAseType IIAsei e 9 e et p eojeeikeieakpsoeot

sopsoeo oeieoe,eaijeiiputom

eisou oaoe soui

; dl

moinnktgaa, - emo

i i - i,gpiic, , oi, ? euci? uj-j-pgut,aiaikjacgei io ei akd, e! , eegai

kt

i, asa- epie! kti, aglo!aeakd! epeig? kt/i-e ! iei!!


14/18

pnp3kiitn818n!!i?eeeak,dak! e-ep94610000000000! i

al! ktpieiktp4.24a!,i4o-i2014acepniio4!?-skti, icga! kt10-20, , a s k !!!!

kaicaktepktioi! a, lo(Milky way Galaxy)eip

kt! p100 400!! eice! eiceko! , loepap ekkt , , ilo e25!i,pa ! eako, o e o!lo al !, eiloa!iloioeca (Andromeda)epkae-e()eei r! - eggiu, egiu e , e , , ! iage , ag e, age, ag ei

!1-egg 14!! eic p 9,300 , epe, i9,300ap!!! eclo, k!i? ek c (ObservableUniverse),ekei9,300,i! i, eiaiee, igeia


15/18

oaeo, oialai,o,a, ai! , ti, bia! i e p ,

i i - ce pei n,iicnp, o818n-saktia! g c, ig-se,ej! ia, i !!i? ci, , eae ! ei giaktktt,iktn ! n, e

ap a, oa a se!uip! kr,cee? pee!eeamn oieiap7000eiteajak (m)pe,i,i? iuek e alae e a,g,

ic

g

! e

k

lo

io 100 g ! g ! j e , ga g e e euULAS J1120+0641, eep29a!a, oip29

u

kt

ekti,ee juuktegkdektuckt ukt epudi eukta , e t 10 12!

ktukt, gaktiacoj Electron-degenerate d ei ku iiekkrereen(black dwarf)ecukti eeiuh eiui i,eioei


16/18

i,eieeke, eoiie

hbc, u, p! h-eeeiireo! e

og, r, ba! iibi, ? tieipaeeiee, e!iogktahkbe-r,er,uajebeekto! ktkt, eabeosuper massive black hole! , ebo!eip, p, g-ug, s, paa,el- ipipp--j---t------

,,!tai,uat, j-juuemieitBig bang (),taieitmii- t p , kt, g-ugkdkden!ea! r, ei-ek,aelrikeeal! e-ei, , io kgoi, , k kt,

kt

e

i

io

eni , i ?

einj Singularity ()eo-m Cosmicegg. eiet- dia! oikdkd, ieiinieijtp al r o ler p (PlankEpoch) p - , m, uiuin, euineet c10^(-43)n10^(-12)neiatete

ri r 10^(-6) n i peu!,pnie10pekp i ei r e p 1 n 10n i pean-pei n ite pean-pui10 n 3,80,000 i 3 20 peu


17/18

uupkr3,77,000 pi151ip1580ekaeuepkcp

kt r, iu

keiu-aiktj40pkteippkt 3 ktei l u (i, , ) u r p

k e g ee kteiaskt e!2007jspe, gektceig13ai, eigp, i i, ia-, ei50,50i2 pkteeieiloee

800nei900ap400! ieaerukeesgrp,gtecoeaeitaieik c i pr, ipeep, pgeac! p , kt li e , ea lia! op? eiek, egt5!95ii!!!!a, ei s kt i, g-ug, , g i, ei t 5 ! 95 i?ei 95c () ee (k)e a-k68.3%e, 26.8%,t4.9%eegsi? eig(visible light),igiski, iga

eiepigii, gajc?jeiaga?eiputni, g -mdec- iger- ektikt, ! ktc- ao ip ap-aopp


18/18

-aokoeidpiekt,uigup,eajk g , igaupp!, ig, p

; aup!eiktoi, eiga, aual- iei a! eia ! ie j c, kt e, keain-g oaag ! gcagkto, ialiegc eiecr-eice ei c, ek cr

caeiec,locioeekue! eeiokkp,jke, kputt,ikpei,pepr i p ea p eir! j, eicekkepe

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