TECHNOLOGY -- INNOVATION

Striking Performance Without Multiple Gears: How Does Your Electric Vehicle Do it?

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Torque Generation: Internal Combustion Engine vs Electric Motor

When you’ve worked your way through the first couple of gears and hit cruising speed, a smaller cog starts to spin faster to provide you with more power to sustain that speed. Different sized gears in cars with internal combustion engines, thus, provide different levels of torque and power to suit varying driving conditions, all the while keeping the engine spinning happily in its ideal rev range.

Do You Need Gears in an EV?

Gearboxes are heavy, complex pieces of machinery that leak quite a bit of the power generated by the engine (or taken from the battery) in the form of friction losses. By eliminating gearboxes, EVs like the MG ZS are lighter, simpler, and more efficient. And as for speed and acceleration? You get plenty of that on account of the electric motors’ torque being available on demand.

The workings of an EV motor

By design, an electric motor generates the full amount of torque for the car right from the get-go. This torque output is fairly consistent throughout the rev range, which, unlike an internal combustion engine, usually stretches to 20,000 RPM. As such, an electric motor can cater to pretty much any driving condition without needing the leverage provided by multiple gear ratios.

Can EVs Even Have Gears?

Depending on the vehicle, multiple gears could give an EV better acceleration at lower revs or higher efficiency when cruising (which would lead to a better range). However, the pros of a multi-ratio gearbox need to be weighed against the cons, quite literally. A gearbox will add quite a bit of weight to the EV while also increasing its complexity.

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