strengthen enterprise architecture governance with brownfield...

© 2009 IBM CorporationBrownfield Development April 2009

IBM Global Business Services

Strengthen Enterprise Architecture Governance with Brownfield Development

Jeremy CaineMaster Certified IT Architect

The Open GroupEnterprise Architecture ConferenceLondon 2009

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Brownfield Development | The Open Group | London © 2009 IBM Corporation

After 40 years of investment, IT runs

the world, but its legacy is crushing

innovation500 million years ofprogramming effortmore demand for ongoing

cost reduction

recession constrains IT spending

increasing maintenance costs due to complexity

integration and migration become more complex

inability to react to market forces

increasing levels of legislation and regulation

IBM will lead the reversal of this trend with Brownfield Development

unlock new business value from existing systems

rekindle client innovation

keep ahead of the competition

decrease long term maintenance costs

decrease integration costs

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1970

1973

1976

1979

1982

1985

1988

1991

1994

1997

2000

2003

2006

2009

2012

2015

2018

PC and Client/Server architectures add further layers of complexity

40 years of Greenfield Development Approaches

New Function

Sources: Capers Jones, SW Repair and Rennovation in 21st Century; Forrester IT Spending Benchmark, Brownfield Study Findings

Legislation & Regulation

Brownfield Development

IT in

dust

ry s

oftw

are

deve

lopm

ent a

nd m

aint

enan

ce c

osts

If nothing changes innovation will decline…

1. Generations of technology have grafted on new levels of complexity which need to be maintained. What happens if the credit crunch causes a decline in spending?

3. If nothing changes, IT enabled innovation will decline

2. Increased complexity increases costs of maintenance and integration on new delivery projects

Brownfield Development provides a way out of this 40-year old complexity trap.

Mainframes and 3GLs enable massive system growth. Baby Boomers accelerate the growth.

Midrange COTS applications begin to supplement the data centre

E-business brings additional enabling technologies for a wide variety of channels

Old applications remain with increasing maintenance expense and key skills dependencies (Baby Boomers retire)

3. As a result, more funds are available to support the delivery of new function

1. Brownfield Development accelerates and simplifies integration

2. Over time maintenance complexity is also reduced

New function

Integration & migration

Legislation & regulation

Steady State

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functionalrequirements

non-functionalrequirements

constraints

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1 HEADFULL

1 HEADFULL

1 HEADFULL

1 HEADFULL

1 HEADFULL

Requirement

Infrastructure

Standards

Rules

ReportsPlans

Knowledge of these constraints and the knowledge of how to deliver the project are often in many independent headfullsTM.Not only that, but the owners of the headfulls all talk different languages… we often use imprecise abstractions to get our heads around the problem…

TM – Headfulls were invented by Maurice Perks, IBM Fellow

1 HEADFULL

1 HEADFULL

1 HEADFULL

1 HEADFULL

Interfaces

Data

Rules

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Enterprise Architecture / System Architecture

Programme Management (PMO)

Project Management

Change Management,Issue Management, Workflow

Software Management

Plan/Manage B

uild/Implem

ent/Deploy

Requirements Design/Model

Adapted from IDC IT Lifecycle Framework

Test Deploy/Manage/Monitor

Develop

Config.& Systems Management

Support

Service Level management

Application Infrastructure

GAP

ISV

Tivoli BSM

RationalReqpro

RationalSW

ModelerPurifyPlus

RationalClearquest

TivoliService. Level.

advisor

Tivoli Config mgr

Rationalclearcase

Netcool

System Infrastructure

MercuryITG CA

Clarity PPM

BorlandStartTeam

BorlandTempo

CAIT Portfolio Mgr

RationalPortfolio MgrPlanview

Tivoli Provision

Mgr

WebSphereApp. Mgr.

BMCAtrium Relicore

Clarity

TivoliIntelligent

Orchestrator

Omegamon

TivoliService. Level.

advisor

Artemis Compuware

HP Peregrine

RationalTeam Unifying

Platform

BMC

BMC

Manual tester

Functional tester

HP Openview

WebSphereDB2

Business Strategy & Plan / Enterprise Business Portfolio Management

TelelogicSystem

Architect

Netcool

MRO

MRO

BuildfForge

TADDM

Method’Composer

SystemDeveloper

SoftwareArchitectData Architect

PerformanceTester

Prob. Det.Tools for z

Asset Trans.workbench

SCLM

Studio Asset Analyser

TiivoliPortfolio Mgr,

Tivoli UnifiedProcess

WebSphereIntegration Dev.

Rational AppDeveloper for z

WebSphereBus Modeler

Monitor

MercuryITG

ResearchGBS GDRD Mercury

Bus. Avail.Ctr.

MercuryITG

CCMDB

RDS

ITCAM

ITM

Tivoli ServiceDesk

CA Unicenter

HP Openview

PrimaveraMicrosoft

Planview

IT Com

pliance & R

isk Managem

ent

zOS AIX OS400

MakeTechnologies

The tools and skills to manage this complexity are similarly fragmented, making it difficult to manage and change the Brownfield environment.

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1 HEADFULL

1 HEADFULL

1 HEADFULL

1 HEADFULL

1 HEADFULL

Requirement

Infrastructure

Standards

Rules

ReportsPlans

1 HEADFULL

1 HEADFULL

1 HEADFULL

1 HEADFULL

Interfaces

Data

Rules

An effective Enterprise Architecture function must recognise there is an “abstraction gap” that must be filled to help understand and control this complexity

How do we operate today?

What have we got that needs changing?

Do we know how to change it?

…how shall we advise the Board?

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code

models

patterns

datasurvey

hardwaresurvey

DATA

FUNCTION

HARDWARE

1. Capture formal Views of existing assets via Site Survey using existing tools and convert into triples. Cross reference this information and store in the Inventory.

2. Raise abstraction level of this information via automated (not automatic) aggregation, abstraction and pattern recognition.

3. Use all layers of Inventory to extract data, combine it with existing patterns and re-generate new capabilities which fit within the existing landscape.

+ =

TAKE SEMANTICSITE SURVEY

RAISE ABSTRACTION ADD PATTERNS GENERATENEW CAPABILITIES

New techniques to provide higher levels of abstraction of complex Brownfield landscapes will provide enhanced understanding; combined with best practice patterns this will generate new capabilities that fit.

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The features and benefits of the abstraction and viewpoint solution is based on strong co-operating semantic interoperability standards.

Man

bites

Dog

Node

Node

Arc

H3 viewer by Tamara Munzner , Department of Computer Science, University of British Columbia Graphics, Visualization and HCI group

We build up the knowledge-base as an inventory of cross-referenced triples.

owl

UDEFSPARQL

Topic MapsISO-11179

rdf

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Rigi from University of Victoria in the Department of Computer Science, headed by Dr. Hausi Müller. Source code IBM SQL/DS

The triples undergo incremental filtering and aggregation.

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One example capability pattern is aligning our legacy system knowledge with our Enterprise Architecture.

We capture a detailed map of the legacy programs and their functionsWe also capture our governance models and target application solutions in the inventory

We create insight that understands which existing functions and interfaces relate to target application componentsWe can assess and size the impact of change

PG

PG

PG

PG

PGPG

Program and Data Store Call Hierarchy

L1 L1

L1

L0

L1 L1

L1

L0

L1

L0

L1 L1 L1 L1

Enterprise Application Architecture (Component Hierarchy)

We can fill the “abstraction gap”

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BrownfieldInventory

Traffic lighting shows areas of high and low

industry maturity. Thickness of lifecycle

arrow shows degrees of compatibility between

adjacent solutions.

PerformSite Survey

Understand

PerformAutomated

Analysis

GenerateArtifacts

Transform &Re-factorSolution

FinaliseManual

Abstraction

Products: Rational Systems DeveloperResearch tools: Walrus; h3; Many Eyes; The Brain

TestGeneratedArtifacts

Products:MAKE; Rational Transformation Workbench (tagging and grouping only)Research tools: Rigi

Products:MAKE; Rational Transformation Workbench; Rational Asset AnalyzerServices Assets:ARC

Products:Rational Transformation Workbench; MAKE; CAST; Klockwork; Systems Architect; TADDM; Services Assets:ARCResearch:Galapagos

GBS Assets: Products: WebSphere Integration Developer; Ascential; Rational Systems DeveloperServices assets: MDIF

Products: Rational Software Architect

Services assets: MDIF

Abs

trac

tion Refinem

ent

No vendor currently completes the Brownfield lifecycle; there are air gaps which IBM is now bridging for its major clients.

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Thinking of a Brownfield Strategy in wider terms it can be used to strengthen the foundations for your organisation’s target operating model.

Brownfield Development can help transition IT systems to solidify a target operating modelDiscovering business process logic and interfaces can help rationalise or integrate systems and share customer dataInsight to systems is a sound foundation for governing the Enterprise Architecture and directing transformation strategies

Types of Operating Model

Low High

Hig

hLo

w

Business Process Standardisation

Bus

ines

s Pr

oces

s In

tegr

atio

n

Source: MIT Sloan Center for Information System Research

Co-ordination Unification

ReplicationDiversification

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Conclusion

Brownfield Development is a new capability which offers new directions and opportunities for our industry in difficult times:

– Existing investments can be preserved– Smaller incremental changes can be

performed rather than wholesale re-engineering programmes

– Delivery in complex environments is accelerated

Further information available:

– Wikipedia under “Brownfield – Software Development”

– YouTube under “Brownfield” and “IBM”– Blog at elephanteaters.org/blogger.html– The book opposite

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Contact Details

Senior Managing ConsultantCEng MIET

[email protected]

Jeremy Caine

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© IBM Corporation 2009. All Rights Reserved

IBM and the IBM logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both.

Other company, product and service names may be trademarks or service marks of others.

References in this publication to IBM products or services do not imply that IBM intends to make them available in all countries in which IBM operates.

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