Title Layout

STREET LIGHT THAT GLOWS ON DETECTING VEHICLE MOVEMENT

Submitted by: M.SIVA PRASADU REDDY

CONTENTS

Introductionblock diagram & Working PrincipleMicrocontroller & Basic Component Circuit Diagram & ImplementationCircuit ComponentsResultAdvantages ApplicationsConclusion Future scope

INTRODUCTION

This project based on the embedded system is used for the control of the street lights. Embedded System is a combination of computer hardware and software. An embedded system can be defined as a computing device that does a specific focused job. Appliances such as the air-conditioner, VCD player, DVD player, printer, fax machine, mobile phone etc. are examples of embedded systems. Each of these appliances will have a processor and special hardware to meet the specific requirement of the application along with the embedded software that is executed by the processor for meeting that specific requirement. The embedded software is also called firm ware. The desktop/laptop computer is a general purpose computer

block diagram & Working Principle

Block Diagram:

LightSensor

MicroCONTROLERDriverIC

StreetLight

4

Working Principle

This proposed system provides a solution for energy saving.

This is achieved by sensing an approaching vehicle and then switches ON a block of street lights ahead of the vehicle. As the vehicle passes by, the trailing lights switch OFF automatically. Thus, we save a lot of energy. However, there is another mode of operation where instead of switching OFF the lights completely, they remain ON with 10% of the maximum intensity. Street Light That Glows On Detecting Vehicle Movement

Microcontroller (AT89C51):

Ports:

Port 0 - external memory accesslow address byte/dataPort 2 - external memory accesshigh address bytePort 1 - general purpose I/Opins 0, 1 for timer/counter 2Port 3 - Special features0 - RxD: serial input1 - TxD: serial output2 - INT0: external interrupt3 - INT1: external interrupt4 - T0: timer/counter 0 external input5 - T1: timer/counter 1 external input6 - WR: external data memory write strobe7 - RD: external data memory read strobe

8051 Basic Component:

4K bytes internal ROM128 bytes internal RAMFour 8-bit I/O ports (P0 - P3).Two 16-bit timers/countersOne serial interface64k external memory for code64k external memory for data Microcontroller210 bit addressable

Circuit Diagram & Implementation

Implementation

230V Ac power supply will be given to micro controller through Adapter. It can be convert the 230V Ac into 12V Dc by step down transformer. We have three inputs, those are LDRs(Light depending resister), crystal oscillator and reset and three Outputs those are 3led steeps for light sensor. Reset output is connected to the microcontrollers 9 pin. LDR Sensors output is connected to the microcontrollers Port0s ULN2003IC input is connected o microcontrollers Port 2 21 pin, pin23 and pin 24 and it s output is connected to Led steeps. Relay drivers are using to ON/off condition in Led`s connected to microcontrollers.

Circuit Components

ResistorCapacitorPower Supply7812 LEDLDR sensor ULN2003LED (light emitted resister)

A resistor is an electrical component that limits or regulates the flow of electricalcurrentin an electronic circuit. Resistors can also be used to provide a specificvoltagefor an active device such as atransistor

Capacitor store electric charge. They are used with resistors in timing circuit because it takes time for a capacitor to fill with charge. They are used to smooth varying DC supplies by acting as a reservoir of charge.

The input to the circuit is applied from the regulated power supply. The a.c input i.e., 230V from the mains supply is step down by the transformer to 12V and is fed to a rectifier. Transformers are using in power supply. It is DC voltages are required to operate various electronic equipment and these voltages are 5V, 9V or 12V. But these voltages cannot be obtained directly. and also rectifiers, capacitor filters are using in power supply.

The 7812 series of three terminal positive regulators are available in the TO-220/D-PAK package and with several fixed output voltages, making them useful in a wide range of applications.

The ULN2003 is a monolithic high voltage and high current Darlington transistor arrays. The collector-current rating of a single Darlington pair is 500mA. Applications include relay drivers, hammer drivers, lamp drivers, display drivers (LED gas discharge), line drivers, and logic buffers The ULN2003 has a 2.7kW series base resistor.

LDRs or Light Dependent Resistors are very useful especially in light/dark sensor circuits. Normally the resistance of an LDR is very high, sometimes as high as 1000 000 ohms, but when they are illuminated with light resistance drops dramatically.

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor diode that emits incoherent narrow spectrum light when electrically biased in the forward direction of the pn-junction, as in the common LED circuit. This effect is a form of electroluminescence.

ResultThe project is designed to detect vehicle movement on highways to switch ON only a block of street lights before of vehicles and to switch OFF the behind lights to save energy. Now a days during night all the lights ON in highway, but lots of energy is wasted when there is no vehicle movement.

Advantages:

This circuit uses LED Bulbs, so it is very low cost and it has morelife span. Maximum energy can be saved. Low maintenance and low power consumption. Low power consumption. Less manpower required. Light Sensors used have high sensitivity and are Easily implementable.

Applications

Parking Lightings Street Lights Garden Lights Highways

CONCLUSION

In this project we allow the users to set the conditions appropriate to the crop is growing. The more accurate a sensor is, better it will perform. The unit will monitor the conditions of various parameter considerations and take appropriate action. Action taken is as follows. If sun light is lower than the set sensitivity: switch ON only a block of street lights before of vehicles and to switch OFF the behind lights. If sun light is high than the set sensitivity: vehicles moving on the road but off the bulb. If no vehicles moving on the road: turn OFF the LED`s. If vehicles moving on the road: turn ON the bulb.

FUTURE SCOPE The number of channels can be increased to interface more number of Light sensors which is possible by using advanced versions of microcontrollers. Further the project can be enhanced by using appropriate sensors for detecting the failed street light and then sending an SMS to the control department via GSM modem for appropriate action. This system can be connected to communication devices such as GSM, cellular phones or satellite terminal to enable the remote collection of recorded data or alarming of certain parameters.

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