stratigraphy-upper indus basin
DESCRIPTION
Stratigraphy-Upper Indus BasinTRANSCRIPT
SALT RANGE FORMATION
SYNONAMY
WYNNE (1878): Saline Series GEE (1945): Punjab Saline Series ASRARULLAH (1967): SALT RANGE FORMATION
TYPE LOCALITY Khewra gorge District Jhelum
ARIEL EXTENSION CIS & TRANS Indus Range (in general)Sargodha Highs & Sulaiman Foredeep
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT
Evaporitic sediments placed in arid condition, Clastic sediments deposited in oxidizing environment.
LITHOLOGY GYPSIFEROUS CLAYSTONE WITH SALT (in general)
SAHIWAL MARL MEMBER (upper): Red marl beds with gypsum, dolomite beds & Khewrite,
BHANDAR KAS GYPSUM MEMBER (middle): Massive gypsum with dolomite & marl,
BILLIANWALA SALT MARL MEMBER (lower): Ferrugiuous / gypsiferous marl with thick salt seams.
THICKNESS +800 meters at type locality
CONTACT Overlain Khewra sandstone is CONFORMABLE
AGE & FOSSIL
No fossil is reported,
Stratigraphic position; formation lies in between fossilferous Cambrian Khewra sandstone & Pre-cambrian metamorphic basement rock.
JHELUM GROUP
KHEWRA SANDSTONE
SYNONAMY
WYNNE (1878): Purple Sandstone Series, NOETLING (1894): Khewra Group, FATMI (1973): KHEWRA SANDSTONE
TYPE LOCALITY Khewra gorge District Jhelum
ARIEL EXTENSION CIS & TRANS Indus Range (in general),Sulaiman foredeep & Punjab plain.
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT Marine condition
LITHOLOGY SANDSTONE WITH SHALE (in general)
Purple to brown, fine grained, thick to massive bedded sandstone and sedimentary feature (ripple marks, mud cracks etc.) with red flaggy shale.
THICKNESS +150 meters at type locality
CONTACT
Overlain Kussuk formation is CONFORMABLE,
Underlain Salt Range formation is CONFORMABLE.
AGE & FOSSIL
Trilobite trail,
Lower Cambrian.
KUSSAK FORMATION
SYNONAMY
WYNNE (1878): Obolus Beds, WAAGEN (1885): Neobolus Beds, NOETLING (1894): Kussuk Group, STRATIGRAPHIC COMMITTEE OF PAKISTAN (1977):
KUSSAK FORMATION
TYPE LOCALITY Kussak Fort District Jhelum
ARIEL EXTENSION CIS & TRANS Indus Range (in general)& Punjab plain.
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT
LITHOLOGY SHALE WITH SANDSTONE (in general)
SANDSTONE: Grayish-green, glauconitic (micaceous),
SHALE: Micaceous,
Grit & conglomerate of meta-igneous origin in sandy matrix with dolomite, gypsum, gilsonite (asphaltic shale) at base ,
THICKNESS +70 meters at type locality
CONTACT
Overlain Jutana formation is CONFORMABLE,
Underlain Khewra SANDSTONE is CONFORMABLE.
AGE & FOSSIL
Brachiopod,
Early Cambrian.
JUTANA FORMATION
SYNONAMY
FLEMING (1853): Mshnrdisn Sandstone, NOETLING (1894): Jutana Stage, STRATIGRAPHIC COMMITTEE OF PAKISTAN (1977):
JUTANA FORMATION
TYPE LOCALITY Jutana village District Jhelum
ARIEL EXTENSION CIS & TRANS Indus Range (in general)& Punjab plain.
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT
LITHOLOGY SANDY DOLOMITE (in general)
Thick to massive bedded, bracciated, sandy dolomite & dolomitic sandstone with shale intercalation.
THICKNESS +70 meters at type locality
CONTACT
Overlain Baghanwala formation is CONFORMABLE,
Underlain Kussak formation is CONFORMABLE.
AGE & FOSSIL
Brachiopod, Gastropods & Trilobites,
Early to middle Cambrian.
BAGHANWALA FORMATION
SYNONAMY
WYNNE (1878): Pseudomorph Salt Crystal Zone, NOETLING (1894): Baghanwala Group, HOLLAND (1926): Salt Pseudomorph Beds, PASCOE (1959): Baghanwala Stage, STRATIGRAPHIC COMMITTEE OF PAKISTAN (1977):
BAGHANWALA FORMATION
TYPE LOCALITY Baghanwala District Jhelum
ARIEL EXTENSION CIS & TRANS Indus Range (in general)& Punjab plain.
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT Arid lagoon condition
LITHOLOGY SHALE WITH SANDSTONE (in general)
SHALE: Reddish brown,
SANDSTONE: Platy & flaggy with sedimentary features (ripple marks, mud crakes & salt pseudomorphs).
THICKNESS +100 meters at type locality
CONTACT
Overlain Tobra formation is UNCONFORMABLE,
Underlain Jutana formation is CONFORMABLE.
AGE & FOSSIL
Trace fossils,
Middle Cambrian.
NILAWAHAN GROUP
TOBRA FORMATION
SYNONAMY
NOETLING (1901): Talchir Boulder, PASCOE (1959): Talchir Stage, TEICHERT (1967): Salt Range Boulder Bed, STRATIGRAPHIC COMMITTEE OF PAKISTAN (1977):
TOBRA FORMATION.
TYPE LOCALITY Tobra village District Jhelum
ARIEL EXTENSION CIS & TRANS Indus Range (in general) & Sulaiman foredeep.
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT Fluvial - glacial condition
LITHOLOGY POLYMICT CONGLOMERATES (in general)
Eastern Salt Range: Tillitic facies (polished, striated rock fragment of igneous, metamorphic & sedimentary origin) with marine sandstone,
Central Salt Range: Fresh water facies consisting of siltstone & shale,
Western Salt Range: Clastic sediments,
THICKNESS Maximum 130 meters
CONTACT
Overlain Warchha sandstone is CONFORMABLE,
Underlain Cambrian sequence is UNCONFORMABLE.
AGE & FOSSIL
Bivalves, Osracods, Pollen & Spores.
Early Permian.
DANDOT FORMATION
SYNONAMY
WYNNE (1878): Olive Series, WAAGEN (1879): Speckled Sandstone, NOETLING (1901): Dandot Group, STRATIGRAPHIC COMMITTEE OF PAKISTAN (1977):
DANDOT FORMATION
TYPE LOCALITY Dandot District Jhelum
ARIEL EXTENSION CIS Indus Range
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT Shallow marine condition
LITHOLOGY SHALE WITH SANDSTONE (in general)
Eastern Salt Range: Greenish grey shale, siltstone with intercalated sandstone,
Central Salt Range: Carbonaceous shale and cross-bedded sandstone.
THICKNESS Maximum 50 meters
CONTACT
Overlain Warchaa sandstone is CONFORMABLE,
Underlain Tobra formation is GRADATIONAL.
AGE & FOSSIL
Lamellibranchiatra, Brachiopods, Gastropods etc.,
Early Permian.
WARCHHA SANDSTONE
SYNONAMY
WAAGEN (1881): Middle Speckled Sandstone, NOETLING (1901): Warchha Group, HUSSAIN (1967): WARCHHA SANDSTONE
TYPE LOCALITY Warchha gorge District Jhelum
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT Fluvial condition
ARIEL EXTENSION CIS & TRANS Indus Range (in general)
LITHOLOGY SANDSTONE WITH CONGLOMERATE & SHALE (in general)
Sandstone: Thick to massive bedded, reddish brown, cross-bedded, medium to coarse grained & arkosic.
Conglomerate: Angular to sub-angular pebble of meta-igneous origin,
Shale: Dark-grey to brownish grey,
Lignitic grade coal beds are developed at the base of formation.
THICKNESS Maximum 180 meters
CONTACT
Overlain Sardhai formation is TRANSITIONAL,
Underlain Tobra / Dandot formation is CONFORMABLE.
AGE & FOSSIL
Unfossiliferous,
Early Permian.
SARDHAI FORMATION
SYNONAMY
WYNNE (1878): Lavender Clay, NOETLING (1901): Upper Warchha Group, PASCOE (1959): Lavender Clay Stage, GEE (1964): SARDHAI FORMATION
TYPE LOCALITY Sardhai gorge District Jhelum
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT Estuarine shelf marine condition
ARIEL EXTENSION CIS & TRANS Indus Range
LITHOLOGY CLAYSTONE (in general)
Bluish (presence of chalcopyrite) to greenish grey claystone with minor sandstone, siltstone, carbonaceous shale, gypsum & chart.
THICKNESS 42 meters at type locality
CONTACT
Overlain Amb formation is CONFORMABLE,
Underlain Warchha sandstone is TRANSITIONAL.
AGE & FOSSIL
Plant remains, fish scales, bryozans, brachiopods,
Early Permian.
ZALUCH GROUP
AMB FORMATION
SYNONAMY
WAAGEN (1891): Amb Sandstone, TEICHERT (1966): AMB FORMATION
TYPE LOCALITY Amb village District Khushab
ARIEL EXTENSION CIS & TRANS Indus Range
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT Estuarine shelf marine condition
LITHOLOGY SANDSTONE, LIMESTONE & SHALE (in general)
UPPER MEMBER: Sandstone with blackish shale
MIDDLE MEMBER: Sandy limestone, calcareous sandstone and silty beds.
LOWER MEMBER: Terrigenous shale & sandstone
THICKNESS 80 meters at type locality
CONTACT
Overlain Wargal limestone is CONFORMABLE,
Underlain Sardhai formation is CONFORMABLE.
AGE & FOSSIL
Foraminifera, brachiopods, gastropods, ostracods & floral remains (pollens & spores),
Late early Permian.
WARGAL LIMESTONE
SYNONAMY
WAAGEN (1879): Middle Products Limestone NOETLING (1901): Wirgal Group, TEICHERT (1966): WARGAL LIMESTONE
TYPE LOCALITY Wargal Village District Khushab
ARIEL EXTENSION CIS & TRANS Indus Range
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT Shallow to deep marine condition
LITHOLOGY LIMESTONE, DOLOMITE & SHALE (in general)
LIMESTONE: Grey, medium to massively bedded, occasionally sandy
DOLOMITE: Greyish, massively bedded, brecciaed with chert nodules and shale.
THICKNESS Maximum 180 meters
CONTACT
Overlain Chhidru formation is TRANSITIONAL,
Underlain Amb formation is CONFORMABLE.
AGE & FOSSIL
Brachiopod, gastropod, ammonites, coral, sponges, foraminifera, ostracods, conodonts, fish remains, algae & spores,
Late Permian.
CHHIDRU FORMATION
SYNONAMY
WAAGEN (1891): Chhidru Beds, NOETLING (1901): Chhidru Group, DUNBAR (1933): CHHIDRU FORMATION.
TYPE LOCALITY Chhidru nala District Khushab
ARIEL EXTENSION CIS & TRANS Indus Range
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT Estuarine shelf marine condition
LITHOLOGY SANDSTONE, LIMESTONE & SHALE (in general)
SANDSTONE: Clayey, calcareous, thick to massively bedded,
LIMESTONE: Grey, sandy,
SHALE: Yellowish grey, phosphatic nodules, thinly bedded.
THICKNESS Maximum 80 meters
CONTACT
Overlain Mainwali formation is PARACONFORMITY,
Underlain Wargal limestone is TRANSITIONAL.
AGE & FOSSIL
Brachiopods, gastropods, ammonoids, conodonts etc.
Late Permian.
MUSAKHEL GROUP
MIANWALI FORMATION
SYNONAMY
GEE (1959): Mianwali Series, KUMMEL (1966): MIANWALI FORMATION.
TYPE LOCALITY Zaluch nala District Mianwali
ARIEL EXTENSION Trans Indus Range
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT Estuarine shelf marine condition
LITHOLOGY
NARMIA MEMBER (upper): Consist of fragmented limestone occasionally sandy, with Greyish black shale, sandstone & dolomite.
MITTIWALI MEMBER (middle): Grey, fine grained, non-glauconitic limestone with shale (occasionally micaceous) and sandstone,
KATHWAI MEMBER (lower): Crystalline dolomite with glauconitic limestone.
Presence of some Permian period ammonites’ species in dolomite beds led to Permo-Triassic age controversy in upper Indus basin.
CONTACT
Overlain Tredian formation is CONFORMABLE,
Underlain Chhidru formation is PARACONFORMABLE.
AGE & FOSSIL
Brachiopods, ostracodes, ammonites, conodonts, fish, algae etc.
Early Triassic.
TERDIAN FORMATION
SYNONAMY
GEE (1945): Kingriali Sandstone, KUMMEL (1966): TREDIAN FORMATION.
TYPE LOCALITY Tredian hills District Mianwali
ARIEL EXTENSION Trans Indus Range.
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT Non-marine condition
LITHOLOGY SANDSTONE (in general)
KHATHIARA MEMBER (upper): Massive to thick bedded whitish sandstone with dolomite.
LANDA MEMBER (lower): Sandstone is reddish grey to greenish grey, thin to thickly bedded, with ripple marks with minor shale.
THICKNESS Maximum 59 meters
CONTACT
Overlain Kingriali formation is GRADATIONAL,
Underlain Mianwali formation is CONFORMABLE.
AGE & FOSSIL
Spores, pollens and plants fragments etc.
Middle Triassic.
KINGRIALI FORMATION
SYNONAMY
GEE (1945): Kingriali Sandstone, KUMMEL (1966): TREDIAN FORMATION.
TYPE LOCALITY Kingriali peak District Mianwali
ARIEL EXTENSION Trans Indus Range (in general), Kalachitta Range & southern Hazara
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT Non-marine condition
LITHOLOGY DOLOMITE (in general)
Grayish brown, thin to massively bedded, fine to coarse grained dolomite with dolomatic limestone, dolomatic shale and marl.
THICKNESS Maximum 106 meters
CONTACT
Overlain Datta formation is DISCONFORMABLE,
Underlain Mianwali / Tredian formation is GRADATIONAL.
AGE & FOSSIL
Brachiopods, bivalves, foraminifera, conodonts etc.
Late Triassic.
SURGHAR GROUP
DATTA FORMATION
SYNONAMY
MIDDLEMISS (1896): Kioto Limestone, DAVIES (1930): Samana Beds, GEE (1945): Variegated Stage, DANILCHIK (1967): DATTA FORMATION.
TYPE LOCALITY Datta nala District D. I. Khan
ARIEL EXTENSION Trans Indus Range (in general), Kalachitta Range, southern Hazara & northern Sulaiman Range
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT Estuarine shelf marine condition
LITHOLOGY SANDSTONE WITH SHALE (in general)
Variegated color sandstone with shale, siltstone, mudstone and fireclay.
THICKNESS 212 meters at type locality
CONTACT
Overlain Shinawari formation is GRADATIONAL,
Underlain Kingriali formation is DISCONFORMABLE.
AGE & FOSSIL
Spores, fragments of wood etc.
Early Jurassic.
SHINAWARI FORMATION
SYNONAMY
DAVIES (1930): Lowest Samana Beds, COTTER (1933): Lower Kioto Limestone, FATMI (1966): SHINAWARI FORMATION.
TYPE LOCALITY Shinawari village District Karrak.
ARIEL EXTENSION Trans Indus Range (in general), Kalachitta Range & southern Hazara.
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT Transgression shallow marine condition
LITHOLOGY LIMESTONE, SHALE & SANDSTONE (in general)
Grayish brown, thin to medium bedded, sandy oolitic limestone with nodular marl, grayish shale & thin to thickly bedded quartzose-ferruginous-calcareous sandstone.
THICKNESS 400 meters at type locality
CONTACT
Overlain Samana Suk formation is GRADATIONAL,
Underlain Datta formation is GRADATIONAL.
AGE & FOSSIL
Brachiopods, corals, gastropods etc.
Early to middle Jurassic.
SAMANA SUK FORMATION
SYNONAMY
DAVIES (1930): Samana Suk Limestone, COTTER (1933): Upper Kioto Limestone, FATMI (1977): SAMANA SUK FORMATION.
TYPE LOCALITY Samana peak Hangu District
ARIEL EXTENSION Trans Indus Range (in general), Kalachitta Range, southern Hazara & Northen Sulaiman Range
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT Shallow marine condition
LITHOLOGY LIMESTONE WITH MARL (in general)
Grayish, medium to thickly bedded, oolitic limestone with dolomatic limestone, marl and calcareous shale.
THICKNESS 186 meters at type locality
CONTACT
Overlain Chichali formation is DISCONFORMABLE,
Underlain Shinawari formation is GRADATIONAL.
AGE & FOSSIL
Brachiopods, ammonites, bivalves, belemnite etc.
Middle Jurassic.
CHICHALI FORMATION
SYNONAMY
SPATH (1938): Belemnite Beds, GEE (1945): Belemnite Beds, DANILCHIK (1961): CHICHALI FORMATION.
TYPE LOCALITY Chichali pass District Karrak
ARIEL EXTENSION Trans Indus Range (in general), Kalachitta Range & southern Hazara.
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT Lagoon condition
LITHOLOGY SANDSTONE & SHALE (in general)
SANDSTNE: Greenish grey to brown, glauconitic,
SHALE: Greyish, sandy / silty, occasionally calcareous / phosphoric nodules, glauconitic.
Some low grade coal & laterite also found.
THICKNESS Maximum 70 meters
CONTACT
Overlain Lumshiwal formation is GRADATIONAL,
Underlain Samana Suk formation is DISCONFORMABLE.
AGE & FOSSIL
Ammonites, bivalve etc.
Late Jurassic.
LUMSHIWAL FORMATION
SYNONAMY
MIDDLEMISS (1896): Giurnal Sandstone,
DAVIES (1930): Main Sandstone Series,
GEE (1945): Lumshiwal Sandstone,
STRATIGRAPHIC COMMITTEE OF PAKISTAN (1977): LUMSHIWAL FORMATION.
TYPE LOCALITY Lumshiwal nala District Mianwali
ARIEL EXTENSION Trans Indus Range (in general), Kalachitta Range & southern Hazara.
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT Shelf marine condition
LITHOLOGY SANDSTONE & SHALE (in general)
SANDSTONE: Grey, thick to massive bedded, occasionally glauconitic & carbonaceous.
SHALE: Sandy, glauconitic with minor siltstone and limestone.
THICKNESS Maximum 70 meters
CONTACT
Overlain Kawagarh formation is DISCONFORMABLE,
Underlain Chichali formation is GRADATIONAL.
AGE & FOSSIL
Ammonites, bivalve, brachiopods, gastropods etc.
Late Jurassic to early Cretaceous.
KAWAGARH FORMATION
SYNONAMY
DAVIES (1930): Sublithographic Limestone, COTTER (1933): Kawagarh Shale, FATMI (1966): Dursamand Limestone, KHAN (1966): Dubran Limestone, CALKINES (1968): Sattu Limestone, LATIF (1970): Chanali Limestone, DAY (1975): Kawagarh Marls, STRATIGRAPHIC COMMITTEE OF PAKISTAN (1977):
KAWAGARH FORMATION.
TYPE LOCALITY Kawagarh hills District Attock
ARIEL EXTENSION Trans Indus Range, Kalachitta Range & southern Hazara
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT Estuarine shelf marine condition
LITHOLOGY MARL & LIMESTONE (in general)
Dark marl, grayish calcareous shale with nodular argillaceous limestone.
In Kohat Quadrangle area two limestone members namely, Tsukail Tsuk member (upper) & Chalor Silli member (lower) are present.
THICKNESS Maximum 200 meters
CONTACT
Overlain Hangu formation is DISCONFORMABLE,
Underlain Kawagarh formation is DISCONFORMABLE.
AGE & FOSSIL
Ammonites, bivalve, brachiopods, gastropods etc.
Late Cretaceous.
MAKARWAL GROUP
HANGU FORMATION
SYNONAMY
DAVIES (1930): Hangu Sandstone & Shale, AHMED (1966): Langrial Iron Ore Horizon, DANILCHIK (1967): Dhak Pass Formation, STRATIGRAPHIC COMMITTEE OF PAKISTAN (1977):
HANGU FORMATION
TYPE LOCALITY Lockhart fort District Hangu
ARIEL EXTENSION Trans Indus Range, Kalachitta Range & Southern Hazara
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT Transitional marine Condition
LITHOLOGY SANDSTONE & SHALE (in general)
SANDSTONE: Grey to reddish brown, fine to coarse grained, medium to thickly bedded quartzitic, cross-bedded, graded bedded occasional wackestone beds with calcareous shale,
Coal seams (± 2meters) are developed in upper part of the formation and Laterite & Bauxite beds (± 2meters) are developed in lower part of the formation.
THICKNESS 90 meters at type locality
CONTACT
Overlain Lockhart limestone is CONFORMABLE,
Underlain Kawagarh formation is DISCONFORMABLE.
AGE & FOSSIL
Foraminifera, corals, gastropods, bivalves,
Early Paleoce
LOCKHART LIMESTONE
SYNONAMY
MIDDLEMISS (1896): Nummulitic Series, WYNNE (1873): Hill Limestone, DAVIES (1930): Lockhart Limestone, GEE (1933): Khairabad Limestone, EAMES (1952): Tarkhobi Limestone, LATIF (1970): Mari Limestone, STRATIGRAPHIC COMMITTEE OF PAKISTAN (1977):
LOCKHART LIMESTONE
TYPE LOCALITY Lockhart fort District Hangu
ARIEL EXTENSION Trans Indus Range, Kalachitta Range & southern Hazara
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT Shelf marine condition
LITHOLOGY LIMESTONE (in general)
Grayish, medium to massive bedded, brecciated, nodular, fossiliferous, bituminous limestone with occasional grey calcareous shale & marl.
THICKNESS 60 meters at type locality
CONTACT
Overlain Patala formation is CONFORMABLE,
Underlain Hangu formation is CONFORMABLE.
AGE & FOSSIL
Foraminifera, coral, mollusks, algae & spores etc.
Late Paleocene.
PATALA FORMATION
SYNONAMY
WAAGEN (1872): Nummulitic Formation, WYNNE (1873): Hill Limestone, MIDDLEMISS (1896): Nummulitic Series EAMES (1953): Tarkhobi Shales, LATIF (1970): Kuzagali Shale, STRATIGRAPHIC COMMITTEE OF PAKISTAN (1977):
PATALA FORMATION
TYPE LOCALITY Patala nala District Mianwali
ARIEL EXTENSION Trans Indus Range, Kalachitta Range & southern Hazara
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT Transitional marine condition
LITHOLOGY SHALE, LIMESTONE & SANDSTONE (in general)
SHALE: Greenish grey, carbonaceous, calcareous, friable,
LIMESTONE: Grey, medium bedded, nodular,
SANDSTONE: Brown, fine to medium grain, gritty, calcareous.
THICKNESS Maximum 180 meters
CONTACT
Overlain Nammal formation is CONFORMABLE,
Underlain Lockhar limestone is CONFORMABLE.
AGE & FOSSIL
Foraminifera, coral, mollusks etc.
Late Paleocene.
CHARRAT GROUP
NAMMAL FORMATION
SYNONAMY
GEE (1935): Nammal Limestone & Shale, DANILCHIK (1967): Nammal Marl, STRATIGRAPHIC COMMITTEE OF PAKISTAN (1977):
NAMMAL FORMATION
TYPE LOCALITY Nammal gorge District Mianwali
ARIEL EXTENSION Trans Indus Range
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT Shallow marine condition
LITHOLOGY LIMESTONE & SHALE (in general)
SHALE: Grey, calcareous,
LIMESTONE: Light grey, argillaceous, nodular.
THICKNESS 100 meters at type locality
CONTACT
Overlain Sakesar limestone is CONFORMABLE,
Underlain Patala formation is CONFORMABLE.
AGE & FOSSIL
Foraminifera, corals, gastropods, bivalves etc.
Early Eocene.
SAKESAR LIMESTONE
SYNONAMY
GEE (1935): SAKESAR LIMESTONE,
TYPE LOCALITY Sakesar peak District Khushab
ARIEL EXTENSION Trans Indus Range
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT Shallow marine condition
LITHOLOGY LIMESTONE (in general)
Grayish, massive bedded, nodular, cherty limestone with occasional marl beds.
THICKNESS Maximum 300 meters
CONTACT
Overlain Chorgali formation is CONFORMABLE but DISCONFORMABLE with Rawalpindi Group,
Underlain Nammal formation is CONFORMABLE.
AGE & FOSSIL
Foraminifera, echinoid, gastropods etc.
Early Eocene.
CHORGALI FORMATION
SYNONAMY
PINFOLD (1918): Passage Beds, PASCOE (1920): Chorgali Beds, LATIF (1970): Lora Formation, MIDDLEMISS (1896): Nummulitic Series, STRATIGRAPHIC COMMITTEE OF PAKISTAN (1977):
CHORGALI FORMATION
TYPE LOCALITY Chorgali pass District Rawalpindi
ARIEL EXTENSION Trans Indus Range, Kalachitta Range & southern Hazara.
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT Shallow marine shelf condition
LITHOLOGY SHALE & LIMESTONE (in general)
UPPER UNIT: Greenish grey, calcareous shale with argillaceous nodular limestone,
LOWER UNIT: Grey, thin to medium bedded, crystalline dolomitic limestone with calcareous shale.
THICKNESS 150 meters at type locality
CONTACT
Overlain Rawalpindi Group is UNCONFORMABLE,
Underlain Lockhar limestone is CONFORMABLE.
AGE & FOSSIL
Foraminifera, mollusks etc.
Early Eocene.
RAWALPINDI GROUP
MURREE FORMATION
SYNONAMY
WYNNE (1874): Mari Group, LYDEKKAR (1876): Murree Beds, PILGRIM (1910): Murree Series, STRATIGRAPHIC COMMITTEE OF PAKISTAN (1977):
MURREE FORMATION
TYPE LOCALITY Dhok Maiki District Attock
ARIEL EXTENSION Kohat-Potwar Region & Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis,
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT Fluvial condition
LITHOLOGY CLAY & SANDSTONE (in general)
CLAY: Maroon, calcareous,
SANDSTONE: Grayish red, calcareous, medium to coarse grained,
Subordinate with red siltstone / shale and conglomerate of Himalayan oragancy.
THICKNESS 3000 meters at type locality
CONTACT
Overlain Kamlial formation is CONFORMABLE,
Underlain Eocene sequence is UNCONFORMABLE.
AGE & FOSSIL
Plant & fish remains, vertebrate remains etc.
Early Miocene.
KAMLIAL FORMATION
SYNONAMY
WYNNE (1874): Mari Group, PINFOLD (1910): Kamlial Beds, PASCOE (1964): Kamlial Stage, STRATIGRAPHIC COMMITTEE OF PAKISTAN (1977):
MURREE FORMATION
TYPE LOCALITY Kamlial District Attock
ARIEL EXTENSION Kohat-Potwar Region & Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT Fluviatile condition
LITHOLOGY SANDSTONE, SILTSTONE & CONGLOMERATE (in general)
SANDSTONE: Grayish red, calcareous, cross-bedded, fine to medium grained,
SILTSTONE: Maroon,
Subordinate with intraformational conglomerate of meta-igneous origin in calcareous sandy matrix.
THICKNESS Maximum 580 meters
CONTACT
Overlain Chinji formation is CONFORMABLE,
Underlain Murree formation is CONFORMABLE.
AGE & FOSSIL
Gastropods, reptilian, carnivores etc.
Early Miocene.
SIWALIK GROUP
CHINJI FORMATION
SYNONAMY
WYNNE (1878): Red Zone, PILGRIM (1913): Chinji Zone, PASCOE (1964): Chinji Stage, STRATIGRAPHIC COMMITTEE OF PAKISTAN (1977):
CHINJI FORMATION
TYPE LOCALITY Chinji District Chakwal
ARIEL EXTENSION Northern Kohat-Potwar region, Attock-Charrat Range & northern Sulaiman region.
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT Fresh water to estuarine condition
LITHOLOGY SILTSTONE & SANDSTONE (in general)
SILTSTONE: Reddish brown, thin bedded & laminated,
SANDSTONE: Brownish grey, fine to medium grained, argillaceous, gritty, soft, cross-bedded.
THICKNESS 750 meters at type locality
CONTACT
Overlain Nagri formation is CONFORMABLE but UNCONFORMABLE with Nari formation (SULAIMAN REGION),
Underlain Kamlial formation is CONFORMABLE.
AGE & FOSSIL
VERTEBRATES (CROCODILES, TURTLES, LIZARDS, BIRDS, DEER, PYTHONS, etc.
LATE MIOCENE.
NAGRI FORMATION
SYNONAMY
WYNNE (1877): Dandot Sandstone, BLANFORD (1876): Lower Manchhar, PILGRIM (1913, 1926): Nagri Stage, KAZMI (1970): Uzhda Pusha Formation, STRATIGRAPHIC COMMITTEE OF PAKISTAN (1977):
NAGRI FORMATION
TYPE LOCALITY Dhok Sethi Nagri District Chakwal
ARIEL EXTENSION Northern Kohat-Potwar region, Attock-Charrat range & northern Sulaiman region
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT Fresh water to estuarine condition
LITHOLOGY SANDSTONE, SILTSTONE & CONGLOMERATE (in general)
SANDSTONE: Greenish grey, fine to medium grained, cross-bedded, massive, occasionally calcareous,
SILTSTONE: Reddish brown,
CONGLOMERATE: Intra-formational conglomerate of meta-igneous & sedimentary origin.
THICKNESS 700 meters at type locality
CONTACT
Overlain Dhok Pathan formation is TRANSITIONAL but is UNCONFORMABLE with younger rocks of Sulaiman region,
Underlain Chinji formation is CONFORMABLE.
AGE & FOSSIL
Vertebrates like crocodiles, turtles, lizards, birds, deer, pythons, etc.
Early Pliocene.
DHOK PATHAN FORMATION
SYNONAMY
BLANFORD (1876): Upper Manchhar, GRIESBACH (1893): Siwalik, PILGRIM (1913): Dhok Pathan Stage, COTTER (1933): Middle Siwalik, HUNTING CORP (1961): Urak Group, KAZMI (1970): Shin Matai Formation, STRATIGRAPHIC COMMITTEE OF PAKISTAN (1977):
DHOK PATHAN FORMATION
TYPE LOCALITY Dhok Pathan District Attock
ARIEL EXTENSION Northern Kohat-Potwar region, Attock-Charrat range & northern Sulaiman region
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT Fresh water to estuarine condition
LITHOLOGY SANDSTONE, SILTSTONE CONGLOMERATE (in general)
SANDSTONE: Variegated color, calcareous, cross-bedded, fine to medium grained, moderately cemented,
SILTSTONE: Maroon, calcareous
Subordinate with intraformational conglomerate (pebble-gravel size) of meta-igneous / sedimentary origin.
THICKNESS Maximum 580 meters
CONTACT
Overlain Soan formation is UNCONFORMABLE,
Underlain Nagri formation is CONFORMABLE.
AGE & FOSSIL
Vertebrates like crocodiles, turtles, lizards, pythons etc.
Middle Pliocene.SOAN FORMATION
SYNONAMY
MEDIDLICOTT (1864): Upper Siwalik, BLANFORD (1876): Upper Manchhar, PILGRIM (1913): Tatrot & Pinjor Zone, NUTTAL (1926): Upper Siwalik, HUNTING CROP. (1961): Sibi Group, KAZMI (1970): Urak Formation, STRATIGRAPHIC COMMITTEE OF PAKISTAN (1977):
SOAN FORMATION
TYPE LOCALITY Mujahad District Attock
ARIEL EXTENSION Northern Kohat-Potwar region, Attock-Charrat range & northern Sulaiman region
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT Fresh water to estuarine condition
LITHOLOGY CONGLOMERATE, SANDSTONE & SILTSTONE (in general)
CONGLOMERATE: Conglomerate of meta-igneous / sedimentary origin (boulder to gravel size) in clayey-sandy matrix,
Subordinate with sandstone & siltstone.
THICKNESS maximum 3000 meters
CONTACT
Overlain surfical deposits is UNCONFORMABLE,
Underlain Dhok Pathan formation is UNCONFORMABLE.
AGE & FOSSIL
Vertebrates.
Late Pliocene to early Pleistocene.
ECONOMIC MINERALS OF UPPER INDUS BASIN
BAUXITE
Kingrali Formation, Hangu Formation & Patala Formation
CELESTITE
Sakesar Limestone
CLAY MINERALS
MONTMORILLONITE & BENTONITERawalpindi Group & Lower to Middle Siwalik Group
FIRE CLAY & BALL CLAYPatala Formation & Datta Formation
COAL
Tobra Formation, Hangu Formation & Patala Formation
DOLOMITE
Salt Range Formation, Kingriali Formation, Samana Suk Formation & Chorgali Formation
GYPSUM
Salt Range Formation, Sakesar Limestone & Jatta Gypsum (Eocene)
HYDROCARBON
Main Reservoir Rocks
Nilawahan Group, Zaluch Group, Datta Formation, Samana Suk Formation, Lumshiwal Formation, Lockhart Limestone, Patala Formation, Sakesar Limestone, Chorgali Formation, Murree Formation
Main Source Rocks
Datta Formation, Chicali Formation, Lockhart Limestone, Patala Formation & Nammal Formation
IRON
Chicali Formation, Lumshiwal Formation & Kawagarh Formation
LIMESTONE
Wargal Limestone, Margalla Hill Limestone (Eocene)
POTASSIUM SALT
Salt Range Formation
RADIOACTIVE MINERALS (Uraninite & Pitchblende)
Nagri Formation & Dhok Pathan Formation
ROCK PHOSPHATE
Chicali Formation, Kawagarh Formation & Patala Formation
ROCK SALT
Salt Range Formation, Bhadur Khel Salt Gypsum member (Eocene)