STRATEGY FOR AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT IN

PRAGUEJosef Janota – Prague City Hall

INTEGRATED PROGRAM FOR EMISSIONS REDUCTION

INTEGRATED PROGRAM FOR AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENTAT THE CITY OF PRAGUE TERRITORY

PRAGUE STATISTICS

• Territory: 496 km2

• Inhabitants: 1,2 milion

• Number of motor vehicles: 1990 - 430 000 2001 - 760 000

• Altitude: 177 – 400 m above see level

• 14 automatic air quality monitoring stations

AIR QUALITY DEVELOPMENT IN PRAGUE

• in 90´s Prague succeeded significantly in decreasing

SO2 and dust concentrations

• main problem of air quality in Prague were nitrogen oxides, emissions of which were increasing as a result of dramatic traffic growth

• SO2 concentrations decreased considerably below the

limit values

Development of SO2 concentrations in 1994 - 2002

AIR QUALITY DEVELOPMENT IN PRAGUE

Development of NO2 concentrations in 1994 - 2002

AIR QUALITY DEVELOPMENT IN PRAGUE

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

kon

cen

tra

ce [

ug

.m-3

]

Nám. Republiky

Riegrovy sady

Braník

Libuš

Mlynářka

Santinka

Veleslavín

Výstaviště

Kobylisy

Lyčkovo nám.

Vysočany

Počernická

Vršovice

LIMIT

LIMIT

AIR QUALITY IN PRAGUE IN RELATION TO THE NEW LEGISLATION

• new air quality standards from 2002 with milestones in 2005 and 2010

• at least one of air quality standards is exceeded on 76 % of city territory

• 90 % of Prague inhabitants live there

PRESENT TIME LEVEL OF YEARLY CONCENTRATIONS OF PM10 IN RELATION TO

LIMITS OF 2002 - 2010

CONCENTRATIONS DEVELOPMENTIN 1999 - 2003

0

25

50

75

100

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

7

0

25

50

75

100

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

6

0

25

50

75

100

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

0

10

20

30

40

50

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

0

10

20

30

40

50

1999 2000 2001 2002 20030

10

20

30

40

50

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Suspended particles PM10 (36th highest daily average)

NO2

(yearly average)

SO2

(4th highest daily average)

Republic Square Libuš Vysočany

Solid fuel share

Solid fuel share in the heat consumption

Solid fuel share %

total emissions

16%2%6%

76%

traffic

NOx emissions

more than 70 % created by traffic

Oxidy dusíku

53%

11%

31%

5%

Osobní automobily

Lehké nákladní automobily

Těžké nákladní automobily

Autobusy

motor cars

light lorries

heavy lorries

buses

NOx emission share

mobile sources

small sources

middle sources

large sources

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

16.00

18.00

SO2 NOx VOC NH3

emis

e (k

t/ro

k)

Mobilní zdroje

Malé zdroje

Střední zdroje

Velké zdroje

emission ceiling

14,7

3,3

12,8

Structure of emission balance

mobile sources

small sources

middle sources

large sources

AIR QUALITY IN PRAGUE FROM POINT OF VIEW OF THE NEW LEGISLATION

• in several criteria is the air quality at present time unsatisfied

• from point of view of number of limits exceeding is Prague worst in Czech republic

• in recent years concentrations are slightly increasing

Without corrective measures will not be

possible to meet air quality standards in proper

time, especially for PM10 and polycyclic aromatic

hydrocarbons.

Problems are expected also in meeting of some

emission ceilings, especially for NOx.

LONG TERM CONCEPTION OF THE AIR PROTECTION

IN THE CITY OF PRAGUE

• elaborated within 2 years, finished in 2002

• in 13 working packages was solved more than 200 partial tasks

• analytic part, conception part

• detail evaluation of all factors having the influence in the air quality in Prague

• proposal of strategy for improvement of the present time state and for possible risk prevention

conception have became the main basis for

programs elaboration

Model calculations of the air quality

Benzene – yearly average concentrations

2002 2010

PRESENT STATE AND PREDICTION

MOST IMPORTANT POLLUTANTS

Suspended particles PM10

- limit value exceeding on great part of territory

- significant part of real measured values is created by secondary particles

Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (benzo(a)pyren)

- limit value exceeding on great part of territory of Prague

- most important sources - local heating

Nitrogen dioxide and nitrogen oxides

- limits exceeding in the centre of the city, on main streets and nearby of cement plant at SW suburb

- greatest problems are expected with emission ceiling

- important role in tropospheric ozone creation

MOST IMPORTANT GROUPS OF SOURCES

Traffic

- main influence to air pollution, limited possibility of regulation

- complex problem of whole net of communications

Small stationary sources

-mostly local heating – elimination of solid fuel burning is necessary

- volatile organic compounds emissions (household use of paintings and dilutors)

Large stationary sources

- good possibility of regulation (integrated permissions), limited number

PROGRAMS PREPARATION ACORDING TO THE CZECH AIR PROTECTION ACT

long term conception of the air protectionat Prague territory

detail analysisand long term strategyof the air protection

Integrated program of the

emission reduction

Integrated program for air

quality improvement

Basic document: Long term conception of the air protection

REGIONAL PROGRAM FOR EMISSIONS REDUCTION

REGIONAL PROGRAM FOR AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT

Main aims of the programs:

• to meet the regional emission ceiling values in 2010

• to meet air quality limit values which are exceeded at the present time as soon as possible

• to exclude the possibility of future exceeding of limit values and ceilings which are not exceeded at present time

MEASURES FOR EMISSIONS REDUCTION AND AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT

Proposed 25 measures:

•15 for traffic

•5 for stationary sources

•5 legal and organizational

1. Brief characteristics

2. Substantiation

3. Detail description of measure application

4. Responsibility

5. Term of application

6. Cost estimation

7. Benefit estimation

8. Risks

Uniform structure of the measures:

MEASURES FOR EMISSIONS REDUCTION AND AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT

• 12 SHORT TERM MEASURES

• 5 MIDDLE TERM MEASURES

• 8 LONG TERM MESURES

MEASURES BY TIME OF APPLICATION

Application:

•intensification of quality and quantity of mechanical streets cleaning inclusive of tramway belts

•decreasing of extent of dusty surfaces at the city territory

•consistent checking of vehicle cleaning during construction

DUST REDUCTION IN STREETS AND PUBLIC AREAS

MEASURE EXAMPLES

MEASURE EXAMPLES

COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM IMPROVEMENT

Application:

•speed-up the construction of new elements of

communication system (inner and outer circuit) •sequences of streets construction according to its significance for air protection

MEASURE EXAMPLES

SUPPORT OF QUALITY IN PUBLIC TRANSPORT

Application:

•increasing of transport velocity – separation of tramway lines, special strips for buses

•support of electric traction (tramway, metro)

•integration with regional nets of public transport

•tariffs policy

•integration with railway traffic

•quality of information for travellers - terminals, maps

•support of „park and ride“ parking sites

REDUCTION OF SOURCES AND DESTINATIONS OF AUTOMOBILE TRANSPORT

Application:

•determination of limits of capacity for new construction

•condition of public transport connection for new construction

•restrictions for construction in areas with limit values excceding

MEASURE EXAMPLES

RESTRICTIONS OF STREET USE FOR HEAVY TRAFFIC

Application:

•intensive checking and drivers information, reduction of exceptions

•extension of zone with heavy traffic restriction (above 6 tons)

•extension of the time gap for restriction of vehicles above 3,5 ton (7 - 19 hour)

MEASURE EXAMPLES

PROGRAM OF PUBLIC INFORMATION AND EDUCATION

Application:

• Giving the actual and wide information for public such as:

– air quality and its requirements – necessity of improving measures

– preference of public transport

– healthy risks connected with solid fuel burning

– alternative fuels for motor-cars

MEASURE EXAMPLES

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS IN MUNICIPAL CONTRACTS

Application:•setting of conditions for all activities with an influence to the air quality

•only using of vehicles and construction machines with low emission parameters

•strict measures to dust reduction during construction

•using low VOC paintings

•obligatory using of labeled products

•application of energy saving methods and using of the renewable sources

MEASURE EXAMPLES

PRAGUE CITY HALLRasnovka 8

110 15 Prague 1

tel: +420 236 00 4363 e-mail: josef.janota@cityofprague.cz

fax: +420 236 00 7073

CONTACT