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Strategies LLCTaxonomy
Sept. 30, 2008 Copyright 2008 Taxonomy Strategies LLC. All rights reserved.
Co-Evolution of the Dublin Core and the Semantic Web
JPL Summer Series on Information Architecture
September 30, 2008
2Taxonomy Strategies LLC The business of organized information
Agenda
About the Speaker Introduction to the Dublin Core Co-Evolution of the Dublin Core and the Semantic Web
Timeline Communities
Use of the Dublin Core In the NASA Taxonomy In a Client Engagement
Current DCMI Activities and Directions
3Taxonomy Strategies LLC The business of organized information
About the Speaker: Ron Daniel, Jr. http://www.taxonomystrategies.com/html/rondaniel.htm
Over 15 years in the business of metadata & automatic classification
Principal, Taxonomy Strategies Standards Architect, Interwoven Senior Information Scientist, Metacode Technologies (acquired by
Interwoven, November 2000) Technical Staff Member, Los Alamos National Laboratory
Metadata and taxonomies community leadership. Chair, PRISM (Publishers Requirements for Industry Standard Metadata)
working group Acting chair, XML Linking working group Member, RDF working groups Co-editor, PRISM, XPointer, 3 IETF RFCs, and Dublin Core 1 & 2
reports.
4Taxonomy Strategies LLC The business of organized information
Agenda
About the Speaker Introduction to the Dublin Core Co-Evolution of the Dublin Core and the Semantic Web
Timeline Communities
Use of the Dublin Core In the NASA Taxonomy In a Client Engagement
Current DCMI Activities and Directions
5Taxonomy Strategies LLC The business of organized information
Dublin Core: A little more complicated over time
Elements1. Identifier
2. Title3. Creator4. Contributo
r5. Publisher6. Subject7. Description8. Coverage9. Format10.Type11.Date12.Relation13.Source14.Rights15.Language
AbstractAccess rightsAlternativeAudienceAvailableBibliographic citationConforms toCreatedDate acceptedDate copyrightedDate submittedEducation levelExtentHas formatHas partHas versionIs format ofIs part of
Is referenced byIs replaced byIs required byIssuedIs version ofLicenseMediatorMediumModifiedProvenanceReferencesReplacesRequiresRights holderSpatialTable of contentsTemporalValid
RefinementsBoxDCMITypeDDCIMTISO3166ISO639-2LCCLCSHMESHPeriodPointRFC1766RFC3066TGNUDCURIW3CTDF
Encodings Collection
DatasetEventImageInteractive ResourceMoving ImagePhysical ObjectServiceSoftwareSoundStill ImageText
Types
6Taxonomy Strategies LLC The business of organized information
Dublin Core: Even more complicated over time
ClassesAgent,AgentClassBibliographicResourceFileFormatFrequencyJurisdictionLicenseDocumentLinguisticSystemLocationLocationPeriodOrJurisdictionMediaTypeMediaTypeOrExtentMethodOfAccrualMethodOfInstructionPeriodOfTimePhysicalMediumPhysicalResourcePolicyProvenanceStatementRightsStatementSizeOrDurationStandard
AbstractAccess rightsAccrual MethodAccrual PeriodicityAccrual PolicyAlternativeAudienceAvailableBibliographic citationConforms toContributorCreatedCreatorCoverageDateDate acceptedDate copyrightedDate submittedDescriptionEducation levelExtentFormatHas formatHas partHas versionIdentifierInstructional MethodIs format of
Is part ofIs referenced byIs replaced byIs required byIssuedIs version ofLanguageLicenseMediatorMediumModifiedProvenanceOublisherReferencesRelationReplacesRequiresRightsRights holderSourceSpatialSubjectTable of contentsTemporalTitleTypeValid
Elements
CollectionDatasetEventImageInteractive ResourceMoving ImagePhysical ObjectServiceSoftwareSoundStill ImageText
Types
DCMITypeDDCIMTLCCLCSHMESHNLMTGNUDCBoxISO3166ISO639-2ISO639-3PeriodPointRFC1766RFC3066URIW3CTDF
Encodings
7Taxonomy Strategies LLC The business of organized information
Current Efforts in the DCMI
New Elements and Vocabularies?
Very few. DCMI is pushing mixed vocabulary approaches.
Application Profiles Collection Description, Education,
Government, Libraries, …
Singapore Framework Defines a set of descriptive
components that are necessary or useful for documenting an Application Profile.
Describes how these documentary standards relate to standard domain models and Semantic Web foundation standards.
Abstract Model
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DCMI Abstract Model
An information model which is independent of any particular encoding syntax.
Facilitates the development of better mappings and cross-syntax translations.
Composed of three main parts Resource Model Description Set Model Vocabulary Model
Strong basis on RDF.
Resource Model Vocabulary Model
9Taxonomy Strategies LLC The business of organized information
Agenda
About the Speaker Introduction to the Dublin Core Co-Evolution of the Dublin Core and the Semantic Web
Timeline Communities
Use of the Dublin Core In the NASA Taxonomy In a Client Engagement
Current DCMI Activities and Directions
10Taxonomy Strategies LLC The business of organized information
Co-Evolution Timeline
199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008
Dublin Core
Second WWW Conference (Chicago)
OCLC/NCSA Metadata Workshop; First DC Report
First RDF working draft released
RDF Model and Syntax Specification as W3C Rec.
RDF Schema Specification as Candidate Rec.
RDF Schema, RDF Concepts and Abstract Syntax, OWL Specifications as RECs
RDF Core WG, WebONT WG formed
GRDDL REC
SPARQL RECs
Warwick Framework; Second DC Report
Dublin Core Metadata Element Set 1.0
Dublin Core Qualifiers
DCMI Abstract Model, Guidelines for Encoding Bibliographic Citation Information in DC Metadata
Expressing DC Metadata using RDF
DCMI Terms, DCMI Type Vocabulary, Expressing DC in HTML/XHTML.
Semantic Web
Encoding Dublin Core in HTML
Shift to Application Profiles and away from more elements.
11Taxonomy Strategies LLC The business of organized information
Communities within the DCMI
The participants at the OCLC/NCSA Metadata Workshop were “geeks, freaks, and the people in sensible shoes”
Web and Internet Engineering Task Force particpants SGML practitioners Librarians and Library Standards participants
Multiple formats have always been an issue IAFA templates, HTML, “dot-kludge”, XML, RDF, …
DCMI has NEVER been a standards body for leading–edge technology Mix of participants with strong representation from libraries and
technologists Provides a place to try out technologies on information problems Has conservative and liberal wings
– Conservatives tend to the basic 15 elements– Liberals tend to the Abstract Model, Singapore Framework, etc.
Semantic Web technology is not a good fit with the librarian culture Explained blank nodes to someone off the street lately? “You don’t have to be an automotive engineer to drive a car” – Tom Baker
12Taxonomy Strategies LLC The business of organized information
Agenda
About the Speaker Introduction to the Dublin Core Co-Evolution of the Dublin Core and the Semantic Web
Timeline Communities
Use of the Dublin Core In the NASA Taxonomy In a Client Engagement
Current DCMI Activities and Directions
13Taxonomy Strategies LLC The business of organized information
NASA Taxonomy: Metadata Specification
Field NameElement Name and
NamespaceTitle dc:title
Creator dc:creator
Creator Affiliation dc:creator.affiliation
Subject dc:subject
Description dc:description
Publisher dc:publisher
Date dc:date
Type dc:type
Format dc:format
Identifier dc:identifier
Coverage dc:coverage
Field NameElement Name and
NamespaceAudience dcterms:audience
Access Controls dcterms:accessControls
Language dc:language
Rights dc:rights
Missions and Projects nasa:missionsProjects
Workforce Competencies
nasa:workforceCompetencies
Instruments nasa:instruments
Business Purpose nasa:businessPurpose
Work Breakdown Structure
nasa:workBreakdownStructure
Keywords nasa:keywords
Bold fieldnames are from Dublin Core or DC Terms
14Taxonomy Strategies LLC The business of organized information
NASA Taxonomy: Instruments Vocabulary Sample
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf='http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#‘
xmlns:rdfs='http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#‘xmlns:skos='http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#‘xmlns:nt2='http://nasataxonomy.jpl.nasa.gov/cvFields#‘xmlns:dcterms='http://purl.org/dc/terms/‘xmlns:dc='http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/'><skos:Concept rdf:about='inst:8'>
<skos:prefLabel>Cameras</skos:prefLabel><skos:broader rdf:resource='inst:1'/><skos:narrower rdf:resource='inst:9'/><skos:narrower rdf:resource='inst:10'/><skos:narrower rdf:resource='inst:11'/><skos:narrower rdf:resource='inst:12'/><nt2:status>Approved</nt2:status><nt2:type>Descriptor</nt2:type><nt2:code>8</nt2:code><nt2:inputdate>2004-05-01</nt2:inputdate><dcterms:dateAccepted>2004-06-11</dcterms:dateAccepted><dcterms:modified>2004-06-11</dcterms:modified>
</skos:Concept>…
15Taxonomy Strategies LLC The business of organized information
NASA taxonomy demoTechnology: Sidereanhttp://demo.siderean.com/NASADemoV4/NASA-demoquery1.jsp
Shows distribution of entire collection across
taxonomy facets.
Multiple resources from
heterogeneous sources are
searched as single collection
Shows top categories in
ascending order
Click on arrows to re-sort by frequency, or switch to descending
order
Search collection
16Taxonomy Strategies LLC The business of organized information
NASA taxonomy demo: Search on “Rover”Refine search results
Re-sort search results
Click to see source
document
Click to refine search by subject
Click to refine search by collection
More filters
More filters based on this
result
17Taxonomy Strategies LLC The business of organized information
Agenda
About the Speaker Introduction to the Dublin Core Co-Evolution of the Dublin Core and the Semantic Web
Timeline Communities
Use of the Dublin Core In the NASA Taxonomy In a Client Engagement
Current DCMI Activities and Directions
18Taxonomy Strategies LLC The business of organized information
Use of Dublin Core and DC Terms in a Client Metadata Specification
Field Near Equivalent
id identifier
url identifier
bytecount
accessControl access rights
title
briefTitle
headline
subhead
description
thumbnail
format
language
type
topic subject
Field Near Equivalent
audience
coverage.ward coverage
coverage.neighborhood coverage
publisher
publisherType
contributor
keywords
date
date.reviewed date accepted
date.nextReview date
date.lastModified date submitted
date.embargoed date
19Taxonomy Strategies LLC The business of organized information
Agenda
About the Speaker Introduction to the Dublin Core Co-Evolution of the Dublin Core and the Semantic Web
Timeline Communities
Use of the Dublin Core In the NASA Taxonomy In a Client Engagement
Current DCMI Activities and Directions
20Taxonomy Strategies LLC The business of organized information
DCMI Recent Activity
The future direction of the DCMI will emphasize: Mixed-vocabulary use of the Dublin Core elements (initial 15 plus
additions). The maintenance of the standards. The support of the community around those standards.
DCMI Berlin conference has just concluded Levels of Interoperation
– Level 1: Shared natural language definitions– Level 2: Common semantic model (RDF) – Level 3: Shared notion of description sets– Level 4: Shared use of constraints and functional requirements
RDA (Resource Description and Access) – Possible successor to Anglo-American Cataloging Rules (AACR).
– Builds on FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records)– Some are pushing for this to be expressed in RDF.– Lots of testing needed
What will follow the MARC format and the AACR?
21Taxonomy Strategies LLC The business of organized information
Predicted Directions
DCMI will continue to investigate Semantic Technologies, make them more accessible to the library community, and have some requirements and testing input to the Semantic Web.
DCMI will continue to display multiple personalities. Dealing with multiple formats will remain important. Mappings from fields in various systems will continue to limit
sophistication of solutions.
Some DCMI participants will drive towards more sophisticated information applications, e.g.
Library of Congress Subject Headings published in SKOS Research into areas such as RDA (described earlier).
Strategies LLCTaxonomy
Sept. 30, 2008 Copyright 2008 Taxonomy Strategies LLC. All rights reserved.
More Information:
www.taxonomystrategies.com