strategic tutoring “the power of possibility” october 29, 2009 missy wrigley serc consultant...
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Strategic Tutoring“The Power of Possibility”
October 29, 2009
Missy Wrigley SERC consultant
SERC 2009
University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning 2002
Strategic Tutoring Overhead # 2
A Traditional Approach to Tutoring
SERC 2009
University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning 2002
Strategic Tutoring Overhead # 3
A Strategic Tutoring Approach
SERC 2009
Strategic Tutoring:
A way to help students:
•Complete and understand immediate assignments
• Learn the strategies they need to complete similar assignments independently in the future
SERC 2009
Turn To Your Neighbor
What makes a student a “Good Information
Processor?”
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Good Information Processors:
•Know a large number of useful learning
strategies
•Understand when, where, and why
these strategies are important
•Can select which strategy to use in a
situation
•Think and plan while learningSERC 2009
Good Information Processors:
•Put effort into their work
•Are motivated to work
•Know a great deal about many topics
and can use the information
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Let’s look at some strategies
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Strategies that Strongly Affect Learning
Identifying similarities and differences
Summarizing and note taking Reinforcing effort and providing recognition
Homework and practice Nonlinguistic representations Cooperative learning Setting objectives and providing feedback
Generating and testing hypotheses
Questions, cues, and advance organizers
Marzano, Pickering, Pollock, 2001SERC 2009
An Instructional Dilemma
“How do I find the time to teach students the skills and strategies they need for self-sufficiency and help them keep up with the day-to-day demands of their classes?”
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The Path to Self-Sufficiency
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“Give me a fish, and I eat for a day. Teach me to
fish, and I eat for a lifetime.”
Chinese Proverb
Responding to the “Real World”
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“Give me a fish while you’re teaching me how to catch my own. Then I won’t starve to death while I’m learning to tie flies.”
Rainbow Mike
Student Commitment?
“I don’t know how to fish, and I don’t care to learn. I don’t even like fish. Just give me a hamburger—everyday. It will make you feel like you’ve helped me.”“Non-Committed” Student
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Application of Strategies
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Assignment: In chronological order, list the political leaders of the Soviet Union from 1917 to the fall of communism.
LENIN
STALIN
KHRUSHCHEV
BREZHNEV
ANDROPOV
CHERNENKO
GORBACHOV
What strategies did you use?
The Strategy
FIRST-Letter Mnemonic: Step 1: Form a word Step 2: Insert a letter Step 3: Rearrange the letters
Step 4: Shape a sentence Step 5: Try combinations
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LENIN
STALIN
KHRUSHCHEV
BREZHNEV
ANDROPOV
CHERNENKO
GORBACHOV
The Results
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Shape a Sentence Mnemonic
Little Soviet Kids Become Adult Communists Gradually
All students (12) score 100% on first in class test.
-enin
-talin
-hrushchev
-rezhnev
-ndropov
-hernenko
-orbachev
L
S
K
B
A
C
G
The Paraphrasing Strategy
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Read a Paragraph
Ask Yourself, “What were the
main idea and details in this paragraph?”
Put the Main Idea and Details
into Your Own Words
Native Americans in the 1800s
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Native Americans often came into conflict with settlers who wanted to take over their lands. Some Native Americans were forced to either fight or to leave their homes. Many times, the government took action in favor of the settlers against the Native Americans.
READ...
ASK...
PUT...
Put the Main Idea………….
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The main idea of this
paragraph is that settlers
wanted Native American lands
and this caused conflict
between them.
Native Americans in the 1800s
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For example, President Andrew Jackson signed the Indian Resettlement Act, an act which gave settlers land that had been occupied by Native Americans. This occurred despite earlier treaties which gave the land to the Native Americans.
READ...
ASK...
PUT...
Practicing Paraphrasing Turn to a neighbor Model how to use RAP strategy
Model the steps of the strategyModel “self-thinking”
Discuss with feedback Share Thoughts
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Native Americans in the 1800s
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Some Native Americans had adopted many of the
settlers’ ways of life, and they still held land in the
East because of earlier treaties with the
government. Among them were the “Five Civilized
Tribes”: the Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws,
Cherokees, and Seminoles. Soon, however, white
settlers wanted those lands too. The government
tried to find a way to move these tribes to different
land in the West.
Three-Minute Pause• Meet with your table group.
• Summarize key points.
• Add own thoughts.
• Ask clarifying questions.
• What strategies do you use?
Project CRISSSM 2004SERC 2009
The Steps of the Self-The Steps of the Self-Questioning StrategyQuestioning Strategy
Step1: Step1: AAttend to Clues as you ttend to Clues as you read.read.
Step 2: Step 2: SSay some questionsay some questions
Step 3: Step 3: KKeep predictions in eep predictions in mind.mind.
Step 4: Step 4: IIdentify the answerdentify the answer
Step 5: Step 5: TTalk about the Answeralk about the Answer
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The Vocabulary LINCing Routine
Trainer’s Guide developed by Ed Ellis
2002The University of Kansas
Center for Research on LearningLawrence, Kansas 66045
LINCS A Vocabulary Strategy
List the parts
Identify a Reminding Word
Note a LINCing Story
Create a LINCing Picture
Self-test
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University of Kansas Center for
Research on Learning 2002LINCing Overhead # 27
The Vocabulary LINCing Routine is …
A way to help students remember the meaning of important words.
A way to “revisit” and solidify student knowledge of terms introduced or taught in a lesson.
University of Kansas Center for
Research on Learning 2002LINCing Overhead # 28
The LINCS Table
Is a visual device that
Can be used in place of traditional flash cards.
Is used initially under teacher guidance to help
students understand the meaning of important
vocabulary words.
Focuses attention on the most important aspects
of a term’s definition.
Uses auditory and visual memory devices to
promote recall of a term.
Links learning to previous knowledge connections.
University of Kansas Center for
Research on Learning 2002LINCing Overhead # 29
The LINCS Table Term LINCing Story LINCing PictureDefinition
Reminding Term
1 4 5 2
3
List the parts of the story Identify an reminding word Note a LINCing Story Create a LINCing picture
Self-test
1 4 5 2
3
1 4 5 2
3
• Term LINCing Story LINCing Picture Definition
• Reminding Term
• Term LINCing Story LINCing Picture Definition
• Reminding Term
1 4 5 2
31
•Term LINCing Story LINCing Picture Definition
•Reminding Term
University of Kansas Center for
Research on Learning 2002LINCing Overhead # 30
The LINCS Table1
3
4 5 2Term
Reminding Word
LINCing Story LINCing Picture Definition
1
3
4 5 2Term
Reminding Word
LINCing Story LINCing Picture Definition
1
3
4 5 2Term
Reminding Word
LINCing Story LINCing Picture Definition
1
3
4 5 2Term
Reminding Word
LINCing Story LINCing Picture Definition
List the partsIdentify a remaining wordNote a LINCing storyCreate a LINCing pictureSelf-test
University of Kansas Center for
Research on Learning 2002LINCing Overhead # 31
Section 2 of the LINCS Table
The DefinitionA brief statement of the term’s
definition1
3
4 5 2Term
Reminding Word
LINCing Story LINCing Picture Definition
palisades
pal
My pal, Joe, dove
from the cliff into
the ocean.
A line of steep
cliffs a long a
river or ocean.
University of Kansas Center for
Research on Learning 2002LINCing Overhead # 32
Section 3 of the LINCS Table
The Reminding Word A word that sounds similar to
the new term.
1
3
4 5 2Term
Reminding Word
LINCing Story LINCing Picture Definition
palisades
pal
My pal, Joe, dove
from the cliff into
the ocean.
A line of steep
cliffs a long a
river or ocean.
University of Kansas Center for
Research on Learning 2002LINCing Overhead # 33
Section 4 of the LINCS Table
The LINCing StoryA phrase or sentence that connects—or
links—the definition of the new term to the Reminding Word.1
3
4 5 2Term
Reminding Word
LINCing Story LINCing Picture Definition
palisades
pal
My pal, Joe, dove
from the cliff into
the ocean.
A line of steep
cliffs a long a
river or ocean.
University of Kansas Center for
Research on Learning 2002LINCing Overhead # 34
Section 5 of the LINCS TableThe LINCing Picture
A memory device that provides a visual link for the new term.
1
3
4 5 2Term
Reminding Word
LINCing Story LINCing Picture Definition
palisades
pal
My pal, Joe, dove
from the cliff into
the ocean.
A line of steep
cliffs a long a
river or ocean.
Notebook Organization
Give an Advance Organizer Introduce and Describe
The importance of having an organized notebook
How to organize a notebook How to respond to the words “File,” “Retrieve,” & “Clean”
How to maintain an organized notebook Give a Post Organizer Follow-up
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Materials Needed for Notebook
Pencil/pen pouch Two pocket folders Divider labels Dividers Blank Paper
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Using Your Notebook
File RetrieveClean
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Test Taking: The PASS Strategy
Prepare to Succeed. Analyze the Directions. Summarize each Question.
Read the question carefully. Underline key words. Find the topic Eliminate obviously wrong answers Scan for the correct answer
Survey the Test.
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Handout
What do you do when you write an essay or theme?Think about the topic
Help organize ideas
Engage in drafting
Make revisions
Edit for common errorsSERC 2009
Essay Assignment Example
Write a five-paragraph persuasive essay on the following topic:
“Scholarship student-athletes should be paid a stipend by the college for their participation in athletics.”
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Think About the Topic
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Athletes should not be paid a
stipend
Increased Costs
Potential Abuse
__Most Ath. Depts. in debt
__Cost exorbitant $990,000
__ Forced to cut sports
__ School pays
Already Paid Amateur
Status
Education Not A Job
Think About the Topic
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Athletes should be paid a stipend
Colleges make
millions!
Student need is great
_ KU Basketball makes 4.4 million
_ Coach supports stipend
_ NCAA had 55 million surplus
_ Donors might pay
Can’t workD-1 is business
Avoid Agents
Help Organize Ideas
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Athletes should not be paid a
stipend
Increased Costs
Potential Abuse
_2_Most Ath Dept in debt
_1_Cost exorbitant $990,000
_3_ Forced to cut sports
_4_ School pays
Already Paid Amateur
Status
Education Not A Job
Strategic Tutoring StrategiesContent and Assignment Based:
“Read chapters 5 & 6, answer the questions at the end of the chapter, and prepare for a quiz over the material.”
What process might an expert learner follow?
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The PREP Strategy
Preview the reading Read key paragraphs Express ideas in writing
Prepare study cards
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The PREP Strategy Preview the reading
Read the introduction Read the chapter questions Skim for highlighted words Look for charts, graphs, & pictures
Make predictions about the content
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The PREP Strategy Read key paragraphs
Identify paragraphs with key words Paraphrase the key paragraphs
Read the paragraphAsk yourself, “What is the main idea and important details.”
Put the main idea and details into your own words
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The PREP Strategy
Express ideas in writingList key words and important phrases
Write answers to chapter questions
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The PREP Strategy Prepare study cards
Transfer hard-to-remember information to study cards
On the front of the card: 1. Write a key word, phrase, or big idea
2. Frame it with a question
On the back of the card: 1. Write a definition for the item
2. Frame it with a question Practice with the cards
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Prepare Study Cards
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Immigrant
What is an
?Front
Prepare Study Cards
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A person who settles in a new country is called an?
Back
Strategic Tutoring Outcomes
Assignments are completed successfully
New content knowledge is acquired
Effective Strategies are learned & applied
“Good Information Processors” are developed
Students are “connected” with a mentor
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“Learners will teach themselves better than the world’s best trainer or highest paid motivational speaker.”
Roger Schank
Virtual Learning, 1997
Criteria for “Good Strategies” The Strategy is Useful
Addresses the task
Can be generalized
The Strategy has Key Features
A coordinated strategy system
Cues cognitive and metacognitive thinking
Requires overt action
Is reasonable
The Strategy is Well-Designed
Short & easy to remember
Begins with a verb
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Anatomy of Paraphrasing
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Read a ParagraphAsk yourself, “What were the main idea and details in this paragraph?”
Put the main idea and details into your own words
ACTION
MNEMONIC
SELF-REGULATING
TASK-SPECIFIC
FEW STEPS
STRATEGY SYSTEM
Yeah! But…. How do you see Strategic Tutoring working in your program?
What are the barriers to implementation?
What solutions can you offer?
What are the next steps?
SERC 2009