STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF WORLD HERITAGE PROPERTIES

World Heritage Lab event 25 January 2019, Florence

Réka VirágosProgramme Specialist

EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA UNITWORLD HERITAGE CENTRE

WORLD HERITAGE MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM PROCESS PLAN

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK DAILY TASK+

UNESCO EXPECTATIONS ON WH SITE MANAGEMENT

1972 World Heritage Convention

Article 5To ensure that effective and active measures are taken for the protection, conservation andpresentation of the cultural and natural heritage situated on its territory, each State Party to thisConvention shall endeavor, in so far as possible, and as appropriate for each country:• (a) to adopt a general policy which aims to give the cultural and natural heritage a function in the

life of the community and to integrate the protection of that heritage into comprehensiveplanning programmes;

• (b) to set up within its territories, where such services do not exist, one or more services for theprotection, conservation and presentation of the cultural and natural heritage with an appropriatestaff and possessing the means to discharge their functions;

• (c) to develop scientific and technical studies and research and to work out such operatingmethods as will make the State capable of counteracting the dangers that threaten its cultural ornatural heritage;

• (d) to take the appropriate legal, scientific, technical, administrative and financial measuresnecessary for the identification, protection, conservation, presentation and rehabilitation of thisheritage; and

• (e) to foster the establishment or development of national or regional centers for training in theprotection, conservation and presentation of the cultural and natural heritage and to encouragescientific research in this field.

UNESCO EXPECTATIONS ON WH SITE MANAGEMENT

Operational GuidelinesAll WH sites require a management system

108. Each nominated property should have an appropriate management plan or otherdocumented management system which must specify how the Outstanding UniversalValue of a property should be preserved, preferably through participatory means.

111. In recognizing the diversity mentioned above, common elements of an effectivemanagement system could include:• a) a thorough shared understanding of the property by all stakeholders, including the

use of participatory planning and stakeholder consultation process;• b) a cycle of planning, implementation, monitoring, evaluation and feedback;• c) an assessment of the vulnerabilities of the property to social, economic, and other

pressures and changes, as well as the monitoring of the impacts of trends and proposedinterventions;

• d) the development of mechanisms for the involvement and coordination of the various activities between different partners and stakeholders;

• e) the allocation of necessary resources; • f) capacity-building; and • g) an accountable, transparent description of how the management system functions.

OUTSTANDIG UNIVERSAL VALUEC

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3 PILLARS OF OUV

Framework for WH Management Plans

AUTHENTICITYINTEGRITY

social-functional identification ofintegrity = functions & processes

structural spatial identification of integrity = elements that are related

to functions & processes

visual helps to define the aestheticintegrity = aspects represented by the

area of the WH property

Expression of AUTHENTIC ELEMENTS of the cultural WH properties through

• form and design;

• materials and substance;

• use and function;

• traditions, techniques and

management systems;

• location and setting;

• language, and other forms of

intangible heritage;

• spirit and feeling; and

• other internal and external

factors.

Integrity is a measure of the wholeness and

intactness of the natural and/or cultural

heritage and its attributes.

WH MANAGEMENT

OUTSTANDING

UNIVERSAL

VALUESTATE PARTY

obligations on INTERNATIONAL level related to the WH convention

National Government, Local Government, local stakeholders, NGOs, etc.

WH Property: NATIONAL and LOCAL LEVEL

National Government, Local Government, local stakeholders, NGOs, etc.

Effective implementation of the WORLD HERITAGE CONVENTION

PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT

of the WH Property and Buffer Zone in order to

preserve the OUV

MANAGEMENT PLANS

DESIGNATED MANAGEMENT

BODIES

ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES +

PLANNING COMMITTEES

LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR

PROTECTION

COMPLEX HERITAGE IMPACT

ASSESSMENT PLAN FOR

WHS

PARTICIPATORY GOVERNENCE

FUNDING

WH MANAGEMENT

PLANNING

MANAGEMENT PLAN

IMPLEMENTATION

MONITORING

MP is usually REVIEWED AND UPDATED EVERY 5 YEARS

amendments

OUV

ATTRIBUTES

SPATIAL ENVIRONMENT OF A WH PROPERTY

WH property

buffer zone (not obligatory)

wider setting of the WH property

GUIDENCE TOOLS

ISSUES RELATED TO HERITAGE MANAGEMENT

THE VALUES-LED APPROACH FOR WH PLANNING

collecting data / information

assessing significane

assessing conditions

planning forconservation / management

NATURE OF PLANNING PROCESS for MANAGEMENT

IMPLEMENTATION and MONITORING

ASSESSMENT

PREPARATION

RESPONSES/PROPOSALS

RESEARCH

INTERACTIONS

UNDERSTANDING the WH PROPERTIES

Attributes are vital to understanding authenticity and integrity, and should be the focus of management actions

OUV and the attributes that convey the OUV

Attributes which might convey Outstanding Universal Value:

- form and design- materials and substance- use and function- traditions, techniques and management systems- location and setting- language and other forms of intangible heritage- spirit and feeling- other internal and external factors

THREATS

https://whc.unesco.org/en/soc/

The standard list of threats/factors affecting the Outstanding Universal Value of World Heritage properties

consists of a series of 14 primary factors, encompassing each a number ofsecondary factors

CHALLENGES

POSSIBLE NEED FOR OTHER STRATEGIC DOCUMENTS

COOPERATION of experts and stakeholders, CONSULTATION with the local citizens

Embedding the WH management system into national governance system

DIFFERENT LEVELS TO IMPLEMENT THE WH MANAGEMENT PLAN

LEGAL STATUS OF THE WH MANAGEMENT PLANS

National SpatialPlanning

local/regionalspatial

planning

WH Management

Plan

DEVELOPMENT PLANS ON ALL LEVEL

SPATIAL PLANS / URBAN PLANS

MASTER PLANS

OTHER RELEVANT LEGISLATIVE TOOLS

LAND USE…

LEVELS OF PROTECTION

Making the management system work

Research

Analyses

Evaluation

Strategicmanagement planbased on the OUV Implementing the

Management Plan

SITE MANAGER BODY

Aims ToolsPresent situation

PREPARATION

MANAGEMENT PLAN

ACTION PLAN

WH MANAGEMENT PLAN

SUSTAINABILITY

PROTECTION VS MANAGEMENT?

PROTECTION MANAGEMENT

• Legal and administrative tools

• Protection• Isolation

• Economy

• Development

• Integration

ProactiveDefensive

UNITED NATIONS’ SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

Policy Document for the Integration of a Sustainable Development Perspective into the Processes of the World Heritage Convention

HISTORIC URBAN LANDSCAPE - HUL

HUL recognises the dynamic nature of living cities

Objective: support the protection of natural and cultural heritage and maintain urbanidentity

Provide answers to the integration of contemporary architecture and infrastructuredevelopment

Community participation:guardians of values

and sustainable development

INVOLVEMENT OF LOCAL STAKEHOLDERS

LOCAL CONSULTATION

FORUMS

SITE MANAGER BODY

IDEAL CONCEPT

Operationalcoordinating organization

29

• Community engagement tools

• Knowledge and planning tools

• Regulatory systems

• Financial tools

TOOLS• part of urban governence dynamics• builds local knowledge and

understanding• helps mediating the different interests

• helps protecting the integrity and authenticity of the attributes

• allows developing adequate monitoring and management systems

• adjust to local conditions• include legislative and regulatory

measure

• build capacities for adequate management• support local income-generating

development

TOOLS FOR IMPLEMENTING MANAGEMENT

IMPLEMENTATION OF PROPER MANAGEMENT

IMPORTANCE OF HIAs and EIAs

TRANSPARENCY and EASY ACCESS

PARTICIPATORY MANAGEMENT

TRANSPARENCY and EASY ACCESS

MANAGEMENT PLAN 2002-2007

Inscribed properties on the List of World Heritage

Regions Cultural Natural Mixed Total %States Parties with

inscribed propertiesAfrica 52 38 5 95 8.70% 35

Arab States 76 5 3 84 7.69% 18

Asia and the Pacific 181 65 12 258 * 23.63% 36

Europe and North

America440 63 11 514 * 47.07% 50

Latin America and

the Caribbean96 38 7 141 * 12.91% 28

Total 845 209 38 1092 100% 167

Number of Management Plans available at the WHC

RegionsNumber of

Management Plans

Number of WH

properties %Africa 78 95 82.1 %

Arab States 39 84 46.4%

Asia and the Pacific 105 258 40.7%

Europe and North America 276 51453.7%

Latin America and the

Caribbean76 141

53.9%

Total 577 1092 52.8%

Second Cycle of PERIODIC REPORTING (2012-2015)

appr. 50% of the WH properties fully implemented the Management Plan45% of the WH properties partially implemented the Management Plan

23 WH properties had no management system (out of all WH properties)9 WH properties had inadequate management system (out of all WH properties)

“Without the understanding and support of the public atlarge, without the respect and daily care of the localcommunities, which are the true custodians of WorldHeritage, no amount of funds or army of experts willsuffice in protecting the sites.”

Koichiro Matsuura – former Director-General of UNESCO