stormwater management criteria
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Stormwater Management Stormwater Management CriteriaCriteria
By: Johnny Foster
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IntroductionIntroduction
Vegetation ManagementFisheries ManagementNuisance Animals ManagementStructures Management
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Vegetation ManagementVegetation Management
No trees on damWell established grassProper grass maintenanceDo not allow woody growth to obstruct
water flowAquatic vegetation must be managed
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Do not allow trees to become Do not allow trees to become established on the dam.established on the dam.
Roots can cause leaksDislodged root balls
weaken damsShade reduces vigor of
grass holding the soil Cut trees less than 6
inch diameterExcavate trees larger
than 6 inch diameter
Vegetation Management
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Make sure grass is Make sure grass is established around entire established around entire
pond, especially dam top and pond, especially dam top and slopes. slopes.
Dense grass controls erosion. Erosion removes topsoil and
contributes sediment to the pond. Till, lime, fertilize, seed, mulch
and irrigate bare spots. Control geese while grass is being
established.
Vegetation Management
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Generally maintain grass height Generally maintain grass height at 2 to 6 inchesat 2 to 6 inches
Proper mowing promotes vigor.
Inspection is easier and more effective.
Don’t fertilize except during establishment.
Narrow fringe of taller grass may deter geese.
Vegetation Management
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Keep inlet/outlet pipes, rip rap Keep inlet/outlet pipes, rip rap channels, plunge pools and channels, plunge pools and
discharge areas free of woody discharge areas free of woody brush and trees.brush and trees.
Water flow may be restricted.
Eroded gullies may form around obstructions.
Growth may damage underlayment fabric beneath stone.
Vegetation Management
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Aquatic vegetation must be Aquatic vegetation must be managed. managed.
Native diverse shoreline vegetation can be desirable.
Filamentous algae, invasive species and aggressive spreading shoreline plants should be controlled.
Duckweed and watermeal can contribute to fish kills.
Vegetation Management
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Fisheries ManagementFisheries Management
Fish stocking strategies depend upon property owners’ objectives.
Low maintenance, no fishing strategyLow maintenance, some fishing strategyModerate maintenance, productive
recreational fishing strategy
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Low maintenance, no fishing Low maintenance, no fishing allowed strategy allowed strategy
Mosquitofish (Gambusia) often establish naturally
Some type of minnow necessary to control mosquitoes
Sterile grass carp are often the least expensive long-term control method for many types of nuisance aquatic vegetation
Don’t allow anyone to release live fish
Fisheries Management
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Low maintenance, some fishing Low maintenance, some fishing allowed strategyallowed strategy
Stock channel catfish at 50 per surface acre. They will usually not reproduce.
Stock fathead minnows at 5 pounds per acre. Restock when no minnows are obvious around shoreline.
Stock sterile grass carp at 20 fish per VEGETATED acre
Don’t allow anyone to release live fish
Fisheries Management
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Moderate maintenance, productive Moderate maintenance, productive recreational fishing strategy recreational fishing strategy
Stock 50 largemouth bass per surface acre
Stock 500 bluegill (bream) per surface are
Stock 50 channel catfish per surface acre
Stock 5 pounds of fathead minnows per acre
Stock 20 sterile grass carp per VEGETATED surface acre
Fisheries Management
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We suggest you discourage We suggest you discourage people from eating fish from people from eating fish from ponds receiving significant ponds receiving significant stormwater runoff. You just stormwater runoff. You just never know what may have never know what may have
washed into the pond. washed into the pond.
Fisheries Management
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Nuisance Animal Nuisance Animal ManagementManagement
BeaversMuskratsGeese Snakes
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Beavers Beavers Large dens in banks
may weaken dam and contribute to erosion
Sticks, mud and debris can clog drains, spillways and pipes
May damage desirable and planted ornamental trees
May leave sign while just “passing through”
Nuisance Animal Management
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Muskrats Muskrats May reproduce rapidly Holes, dens and runs
contribute to shoreline erosion
Dens may lead to failure of the dam
May eat desirable plants just planted
May eat desirable plants established naturally
Nuisance Animal Management
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Geese Geese Only resident populations
create a nuisance May prevent desirable
grass establishment Feces contribute to
nutrient loading in pond Feces and feathers are
messy May be extremely
difficult to control
Nuisance Animal Management
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Snakes Snakes Rarely poisonous but still
scary to residents Often like to hang out
around rip rap stone Rarely a problem with
regular maintenance of shoreline and structures
Nuisance Animal Management
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Pond Structures ManagementPond Structures Management Dam Primary drain Emergency spillway Energy dissipater Emergency spillway Valve Inlet/outlet pipes and channels Forebay & forebay berm Vegetative shelf Fences
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Dam Dam Seepage at
downstream toe or abutment
Shoreline erosionSloughing or sink
holesVegetation
managementAnimal damage
Pond Structures Management
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Primary Drain Primary Drain Clear any trash or debris
monthly or after 1 inch of rain
Check condition of trash rackLook for corrosion, chipping,
pipe separation, cracks, erosion at discharge
Look for seepage into or along drain
Pond Structures Management
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Emergency Spillway Emergency Spillway Repair erosion, gullies or any
type of damage Repair turf matting or exposed
underlayment fabric Repair dislodged or displaced
stone Should have wide flat bottom Should have gentle slope
Pond Structures Management
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Energy dissipater Energy dissipater Repair erosion or damageRemove sediment depositsRemove woody vegetationRepair dislodged or
displaced stoneAdd stone on exposed
underlayment fabric
Pond Structures Management
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Drain valve Drain valve Should be operable and
excercisedRepair damaged supportsClear upstream debris or
sediment before openingKeep lubricatedMaintain the lock
Pond Structures Management
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Inlet/Outlet Pipes and Channels Inlet/Outlet Pipes and Channels Repair corrosion, chipping,
pipe separation, cracks, collapse or adjacent erosion
Remove sediment depositsRemove woody vegetationRepair displaced stone or
exposed fabricRepair damaged turf matting
Pond Structures Management
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Forebay and Forebay Berm Forebay and Forebay Berm Remove sediment depositsManage vegetationRepair erosionRepair animal damageMaintain berm height and
spillway designReplace displaced stone on
berm
Pond Structures Management
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Vegetative Shelf Vegetative Shelf Repair erosionManage vegetationRemove trash and debrisRepair animal damageMaintain design width
and slope
Pond Structures Management
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Fences Fences Repair damageMaintain gate and lockRemove damaging
woody vegetationRepair animal damage
and gaps at bottom
Pond Structures Management
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Where Can You Get More Where Can You Get More Information?Information?
Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants (http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/)
N.C. State University Stormwater Engineering Group (www.bae.ncsu.edu/stormwater/)
North American Lake Management Society (www.nalms.org)
Aquatic Plant Management Society (www.apms.org)
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QUESTIONS?QUESTIONS?