storage essentials (by merlin ran)
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
Agenda
From DAS to SAN SAN Concepts & Protocols RAID Levels Disk Array Basics The Host Side Appliances Business Continuity
Direct-Attached StorageServers with unused storage
Uncontrolled storage growth Storage dedicated to one
server
HA difficulties
Backup is decentralized Backup requires network
bandwidth Backup requires downtime Recovery from tape is time-
consuming
UNIX
Windows
Direct-Attached Storage
Deploying a SAN Increases storage utilization
Scale servers separately from storage Storage on demand Improves storage utilization
Increases flexibility Leverage storage replicas for testing
and backup
Provides higher availability Eliminate downtime caused by backups Drastically reduce recovery time
Delivers highest performance
Eliminate “islands of storage” within physical servers using a SAN
Easily allocate more storage
UNIXWindowsFibre Channel
SAN Concepts & Protocols
•Drive types: IDE/ATA / SATA / SCSI / SAS / FC
•Fibre Channel
•Fabric
•Host Bus Adapter
•Initiator/Target
•Zoning
•Logical Unit Number
•LUN masking
•World Wide Name
Host Fabric Storage Array
HBA
Initiator Target
WWPN 50:06:01:6A:C6:E0:52:3B
WWPN 10:00:00:05:33:76:4C:BC WWNN 50:06:01:60:C6:E0:52:3B
WWPN 50:01:10:A0:00:85:65:8D LUN
Zone 1
FC Protocol Stack
IP SAN Protocols
iSCSIStorage access through IP network
FCIPConnect SAN islands through WAN
FCoEEthernet wins the data center
RAID Levels
1 3 5
2 4 6
Read Perf ++Write Perf ++No ProtectionHigher DL Risk
RAID 0 Stripping
RAID 1 Mirror
1 2 3
1 2 3
Read Perf +Write Perf .High Protection2 Drives
RAID 10 Stripe of Mirrors
Read Perf ++Write Perf +High ProtectionDrives in Pairs
1 4 7
2 5 8
3 6 9
1 4 7
2 5 8
3 6 9
RAID 01 Mirror of Stripes
Read Perf ++Write Perf +Lower Protection than R10Drives in Pairs
1 4 7
2 5 8
3 6 9
1 4 7
2 5 8
3 6 9
RAID 4 Dedicated Parity
1 4 7 2 5 8
Read Perf +Write Perf --Low ProtectionWrite Penalty on Parity DiskEmployed by NetApp --- WAFL
3 6 9 P P P
RAID 5 Distributed Parity
P 6 91 4 7
P
2 5 P
10
3 P 8
Read Perf ++Write Perf -Low Protection
RAID 6 Double Parity
P 4 61 3 P
P
2 P P P P 5
Read Perf ++Write Perf -High ProtectionComplex Algorithm
7
Disk Array Basics
Example: EMC ClARiiON
Example: EMC Symmetrix DMX
The Host Side
LUN Discoverycfgmgr/ioscan/devfsadm/reboot
MultipathPowerPath/PVLinks/VxDMP/Native MPIO…
Logical Volume Manager File System
Application Database
File System
LVM
SCSI Driver
FC Driver
Appliances
Network Attached Storage Content Addressable Storage Virtual Tape Library …
Recovery Point Objectives
PRIMARY DECISION DRIVERS
Business Considerations
Technical Considerations
Cost
Recovery Time Objectives
Performance
Bandwidth
Capacity
Consistency and Recovery
Functionality,Availability
Business Continuity
RTORPO
MINMINDAYS DAYSSECSECHRS HRS
Recovery point objective (RPO): How recent is the point in time for your recovery?
Recovery time objective (RTO): How fast can you restart a failed application?
(RPO+RTO = Acceptable Business Risk)
EVENTTIME
Protecting Information Is a Business Decision
EVENT
Tape Vaulting
Daily Tape Backup
Asynchronous Disk Mirroring
Synchronous Disk Mirroring
Continuous Protection
Daily Disk Backup
Typical Service Levels by Replication Technology
RPO(Hours of lost transactions)
RTO(Hours required
to resume business)
-36 -24 -12 0 12 24 36 48 60 72
Server network HPC
Today’s Storage Networking Technologies
Direct-attached storage Servers with unused storage, uncontrolled growth Storage dedicated to one server Decentralized backup
Fibre Channel SANs Eliminates islands of storage Increases utilization and availability Highest performance levels
FCIP/iFCP Connects geographically dispersed SANs Low cost and easy to deploy for disaster recovery
solutions
iSCSI/NAS Consolidates small or isolated servers Offers low-cost server attachment NAS is ideal for files and unstructured data
Infiniband Low latency, high bandwidth Ideal for high-performance computing (HPC)
Fibre Channel over Ethernet Converges LAN and SAN traffic on single link Lowers operational costs (cabling and CNAs ) Scalability for virtual environments
Rack-mounted servers with converged network adapters
Remote/isolated servers
Disaster recovery site
FCoE Infiniband
Direct-attached storage
Fibre Channel SANs
Mainframe
Networkedstorage
Servers
VMware
iSCSI/NAS FCIP/iFCP
Thank You