stomach & doudenum disease
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
Disease OF
Stomach &
Duodenum
By Dr. Osman Bukhari
Functions of the stomach
1- Reservoir of food
2- Grinding & mixing of food
3- Digestion
4- Absorption
5- Propulsion of contents to duodenum
6- Defensive
7-Intrinsic factor
Mucosa Surface epithelium with rich blood supply &
rapid turnover. It's covered with mucous rich in bicarbonate.
1-Parietal cells ــــــــ Hcl & intrinsic factor 2-Chief cells ــــــــ pepsinogen ـــ pepsin in the presence of Hcl. 3-Mucous secreting cellsـــــــ mucous & CHO3 4- G- cells ــــــ Gastrin---high Hcl 5- D- cell ــــــــ Somatostatin ــــــ low Hcl
* Parietal cells has receptors for Acetyl choline, Gastrin & Histamine which stimulate release of Hcl. H/K
A.T.Pase is the final pathway for acid secretion (P.P)
Acute
Gastritis
Acute Gastritis - Inflammatory disease involving superficial
epithelium ـــــــ erosion + ulceration * Causes 1-Asprin & NSAID 2-Alcohol 3-Bilary reflux 4-Infection (H.pylori, CMV, Herpes)
5-Sress (Trauma, burns, shock, MOF, Hepatic & renal disease)
Clinical Feature
1-Asymptomatic
2-Dyspepsia
3-Rarely bleeding or iron deficiency
aenmia
Diagnosis 1-Clinical in almost all cases
2-Gastroscopy if there is bleeding to exclude PU & Ca
Treatment 1-Stop offending drug
2-Treat any cause including infection
3-Symptoms settle in most cases without treatment
4-Some need anti acid, acid suppression + anti emetic
Chronic
Gastritis
Chronic Gastritis -In chronic active gastritis there is
infiltration of lamina propria with lymphocytes & plasma cells leading to atrophic gastritis & gastric atrophy with loss of parietal & chief cells & subsequent metaplasia
Causes 1-Autoimmune
2-H. pylori
3-Drugs & bile
4-T.b, Crohns, CMV & Sarcoidosis
5-Idiopathic
Type A Gastritis 1-It is autoimmune disease with circulating
Abs against parietal cells & intrinsic factor
2-Evidance of organ specific Auto immune disease
3-Gastric atrophy affecting body & fundus
4-Pernicious anemia
5-Increased incidence of Ca
Type B Gastritis 1-Affects the Antrum
2-Due to H. Pylori ــــــــ PU
Clinical feature 1-Asymptomatic
2-Dyspepsia
3-Often associated with PU
4-Diagnosed by gastroscopy
Helicoloater pylori (H.pylori) 1-Gram + spiral bacteria
2-Produces Urease
3-Found in gastric auntrum & area of gastric metaplasia in the duodenum deep to mucous layer closely adherent to epithelial surface, protected from acid & pepsin digestion by over lying mucous, bicarbonate & by release of ammonia (Urease action) ــــــ high PH
4-Prevalence increases with age & 2/3 are acquired in childhood.
5-Person to person transmission
6-Found in 90% of patients with DU & 70% with GU
Pathogenesis 1-Increases fasting & postprandial gastrin
2-Increases pepsinogen secretion
3-Decreases gastric mucosal resistance
4-Suppresses somatostatin release
5-Releases tissue damaging cytotoxins
-Cag – A (Cytotoxin associated gene)
-Vac – A (Vacillating Cytotoxin)
Clinicopath. features 1-Though 2/3 of population are infected
with H. pylori, only 10 15 ـــ % develop PU & the majority are asymptomatic
2-Lead to acute gastritis ـــــــ chronic gastritis
+_PU
3-Long standing chronic gastritis ـــــــ gastric atrophy & increased risk of metaplasia & the earlier H. pylori acquired , the greater
is risk of Ca
4-More than 90% of MALT lymphomas have H. pylori & low grade tumours regress with H. pylori eradication
5-Treat all patients with H. pylori because of associated risk of Ca
Diagnosis 1-Rapid Urease breath test:-
Used for screaming & to test for H. pylori eradication following treatment, expensive
2-Serology:-
Sensitive, specific & used for epidemiological surveys
3- Endoscpic antral biopsy for
-Rapid Urease test (CLO)
-Culture & sensitivity (Gold standard
investigations)
-Histological examination
H. pylori eradication therapy A) P.P.I based triple therapy with two
antibiotic 1-Omeprazole 20mg bid +
Metronidazole 400mg bid + Claithromycin 500mg bid for 7 days, (90% effective) OR
2-Omeprazole 20mg bid + Metronidazole 400mg bid +Amoxil 1gm bid for 7- 10 days (85- 90% effective) OR
3-Omeprazole 20mg bid + Amoxil 1gm bid + Claithromycin 250mg bid for 7-10 days. (85%) effective
B) H2 RA based triple therapy
*Bisthmus is included in some regimens