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Stinging nettle cultivation in floating
hydropon
Sanja Radman, Sanja Fabek, Ivanka Žutić,
Božidar Benko, Nina Toth
Novi Sad, May 25 - 27, 2014
5th CASEE Conference “Healthy Food Production and Environmental
Preservation – The Role of Agriculture, Forestry and Applied Biology”
Introduction
Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.)
Perennial herb widely distributed throughout the
temperate regions of the world (Bacci et al., 2009)
Best known as an abundant weed (Weiβ, 1993;
Harwood and Edom, 2012)
Undervalued despite great medicinal value (Bisht et
al., 2012)
Introduction
Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.)
Long history of use in alternative medicine for the
treatment of many diseases
Source of fiber and natural green color
Recently recognized as a promising plant because
of its exceptional nutritional, medicinal and
economic value
Introduction
Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.)
Used in medicine, food industries, textile
industries, cosmetic industries and in organic
production
Source of essential nutrients, vitamins, minerals
(Rutto et al., 2013) phenolic compounds (Otles et Yalcin,
2011)
Expressed antioxidant and antimicrobial activity (Stepanović et al., 2009)
Introduction
Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.)
If nettle is grown as a leafy vegetables harvest should be done before flowering
The largest percentage of stinging nettle is wild -harvested (Upton, 2013)
When nettles are gathered from natural habitat the control of quality standards is difficult (Weiβ, 1993)
Excessive collection from nature leads to habitat degradation natural resources are limited
It is necessary to introduce nettle in agricultural
production
Application of modern cultivation technology
(floating hydropon) can eliminate problems of
growing nettle in the open field
Consistent quality of plant material, higher yield
and increased number of harvest can be achieved
Introduction
Aim of the research
The aim of research was:
to examine the possibility of growing nettle
in floating hydropon
to determine the effect of sowing densities
and different substrates on morphological
characteristics and nettle yield
Material and methods
Urtica dioica L.
Autumn and spring growing period, 2012/2013
Two factorial trials
three sowing densities: 0.2, 0.5 and 0.9 g m-2
two substrates: perlite, vermiculite
Randomized block scheme with 3 replication
Sowing was made in polystyrene
boards, on September 6, 2012
Nutrient solution was
adjusted for leafy
vegetables and prepared
according to Tesi (2002)
Abiotic parameters
Air
• minimum, maximum and mean temperature
• relative humidity
Nutrient solution
• pH- and EC-values
Material and methods
Harvests
Autumn growing period
1. harvest: October 23, 2012
2. harvest: November 29, 2012
Spring growing period
1. harvest: March 15, 2013
2. harvest: April 16, 2013
3. harvest: May 6, 2013
Material and methods
The cutting was at the
height approximately 5
centimeters
Because of the capability
of the apical plant parts
regeneration it is possible to
achieve several harvests
Material and methods
Morphological characteristics (plant mass, number,
length and width of leaves, number of nodes, plant
height) and nettle yield were analyzed
Statistic analysis: ANOVA LSD test, significance
at p≤0.05 and P≤0.01.
Abiotic parameters of air
-5
5
15
25
35
45
55
65
75
85
Minimum temperature Maximum temperature Mean temperature Relative humidity
Spring growing period
°C
%
Autumn growing period
Plant dormancy in winter
Abiotic parameters of nutrient solution
0,00
1,00
2,00
3,00
4,00
5,00
6,00
7,00
8,00pH EC (dS/m)
Plant dormancy in winter
dS/m
Autumn growing period Spring growing period
Results – Analysis of variance for morphometric parameters in autumn growing period
Source of variance Plant mass,
g Number of
leaves Length of
leaves, mm Width of leaves,
mm Number of
nodes Plant height,
mm
First harvest
Substrate (S) * * * ** * **
Sowing density (D) ** * n.s. ** * **
S×D * * ** ** ** **
Second harvest
Substrate (S) * * * ** ** *
Sowing density (D) ** ** ** ** ** **
S×D * ** ** ** * **
*significant at p≤0.05,
**P≤0.01, n.s.=not significant
Results – Analysis of variance for morphometric parameters in spring growing period
Source of variance Plant mass,
g Number of
leaves Length of
leaves, mm Width of leaves,
mm Number of
nodes Plant height,
mm
First harvest
Substrate (S) ** * * ** ** **
Sowing density (D) ** ** ** ** ** **
S×D ** ** ** ** ** **
Second harvest
Substrate (S) * * * ** ** *
Sowing density (D) ** ** ** n.s. ** **
S×D ** ** ** ** ** **
*significant at p≤0.05, **P≤0.01, n.s.=not significant
Third harvest
Substrate (S) * * * * ** *
Sowing density (D) ** * * ** ** **
S×D * ** * ** * **
Results – Effect of substrate and sowing density on stinging nettle yield
Yield (kg m-2)
Treatment
Autumn growing period Spring growing period
First harvest Second harvest First harvest Second harvest Third harvest
Substrate
Perlite (P) 0.36 B 0.37 0.71 b 0.68 1.09 a
Vermiculite (V) 0.93 A 0.43 0.83 a 0.60 0.97 b
Sowing density
0.2 g m-2 0.50 b 0.42 0.91 A 0.80 A 1.31 A
0.5 g m-2 0.74 a 0.39 0.65 B 0.56 B 0.90 B
0.9 g m-2 0.70 a 0.39 0.74 AB 0.56 B 0.87 B
*Mean values followed by the same letter within each column do not differ significantly at p≤0.05 and P≤0.01 according to the LSD test
Results – Effect of substrate x sowing density on stinging nettle yield
0,00
0,20
0,40
0,60
0,80
1,00
1,20
1,40
1,60
First harvest Second harvest First Second Third
0,3
8 a
b
0,8
6 a
b
0,9
2 a
1,4
1 a
0,3
8 a
b
0.9
0 a
0,4
5 a
0,9
6 a
1,2
2 a
0.9
6 a
0,4
3 a
b
0.9
4 a
0,4
1 a
b
0,8
6 a
b
P × 0.2 g m-2 P × 0.5 g m-2 P × 0.9 g m-2 V × 0.2 g m-2 V × 0.5 g m-2 V × 0.9 g m-2
kg/m
2
Autumn growing period
Spring growing period
0,73
1,36
0,92 1,13 1,09
0,47
0,87 0,85
1,35 1,39 1,35
2,48
2,40 3,02
2,11 2,17
3,19
2,19 2,04
2,87
2,03 2,30
0,00
0,50
1,00
1,50
2,00
2,50
3,00
3,50
4,00
4,50
Perlite
(P)
Ver
mic
ulite
(V)
0.2
g m
-2
0.5
g m
-2
0.9
g m
-2
P ×
0.2
g m
-2
P ×
0.5
g m
-2
P ×
0.9
g m
-2
V ×
0.2
g m
-2
V ×
0.5
g m
-2
V ×
0.9
g m
-2
Substrata Sowing density Substrata×sowing density
Total yield in spring period Total yield in autumn period
kg/m
2
Results – Effect of substrate and sowing density on nettle total and cumulative yield
4.22
Conclusions
Stinging nettle showed good suitability to soilles
cultivation by floating system achieving satisfactory
yield per harvest
The highest yield was recorded in third harvest in
spring growing period by combination perlite × 0.2 g
m-2 (1.41 kg m-2) and vermiculite × 0.2 g m-2 (1.22 kg m-2)
Conclusions
The highest cumulative yield:
In spring: perlite × 0.2 g m-2 (3.19 kg m-2)
Combination perlite × 0.2 g m-2 can be proposed for
nettle cultivation in floating hydropon
Conclusions
Further investigations: nutritional and chemical
values at different nutrient solutions
Thank you for Your attention