Stimulus ->Stimulus -> -> Response-> Response

BehaviorismBehaviorism

Stimulus ->Stimulus -> -> Response-> Response

What’s inside the black box?What’s inside the black box?

BehaviorismBehaviorism

Simple Associations:Simple Associations:

Push gas (stimulus), car goes (response)Push gas (stimulus), car goes (response)

Information ProcessingInformation Processing

Let’s build a model of what goes on under Let’s build a model of what goes on under the hood when you push the gas.the hood when you push the gas.

Cognitive Revolution!Cognitive Revolution!

Assumptions of CognitivismAssumptions of CognitivismAssumptions of CognitivismAssumptions of Cognitivism

Learning involves changes in your mental representations - doesn’t have to be a change in behavior.

Observable behavior is still important for studying learning in a scientific way. But now we are going to make inferences about the hidden mental process that may be affecting the behavior. I.e., we’ll make theoretical models about what’s “under the

hood,” propose theories based on the models, and then put the theories to the test.

Let’s Be Cognitive Theorists!Let’s Be Cognitive Theorists!Let’s Be Cognitive Theorists!Let’s Be Cognitive Theorists!

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

What Are Effective Ways of Learning?What Are Effective Ways of Learning?

Advanced ideas

Factors Influencing MemoryFactors Influencing Memory

Model of Information ProcessingModel of Information Processing

Sensory Register

Working Memory

Long-term MemoryAttentionAttention

Control Processes

Association,Meaning

Association,Meaning

Recall

Internet as a metaphor for Long Term Memory

Internet as a metaphor for Long Term Memory

UT site

My web page

Sid’s web page

Internet as a metaphor for Long Term Memory

Internet as a metaphor for Long Term Memory

Information A

Information B

MemorizationDeep understanding/

Personalized knowledge

Elaborate, organized network of knowledge

What would I. P. Theory have to say about this situation?

What would I. P. Theory have to say about this situation?

Advantages of a Rich NetworkAdvantages of a Rich Network

Information will be stored more effectively in long-term memory so that it will be able to be retrieved in the future.

You won’t forget it immediately after the exam!

You will create a flexible knowledge structure that will allow you to apply what you learn in complex, real-world situations (i.e. “transfer”).

Imagine that! Being able to actually apply what you learn!

What Metaphor Can You Come Up with to Represent

Effective Learning?

What Metaphor Can You Come Up with to Represent

Effective Learning?

My Examples:Effective learning is like a website with lots of links.

Effective learning is like seeing the picture instead of the individual dots.

ImplicationsImplications

“It’s all about the network”“It’s all about the network”

The network can include the following:Prior knowledgeOther new ideas Personal experienceEmotionsSensory representations (auditory, visual, kinesthetic)

The network needs to be:Integrated

Connected ideas/experience; cross-cutting themes

ElaborateMany connections; crisscrossing the landscape

OrganizedBig ideas; patterns

MeaningfulPersonalized connections

“It’s all about the network”“It’s all about the network”

Bad Studying:Bad Studying:

Psychologize = blah, blah, blah

Transformative Experience = blah, blah, blah

Ideas = blah, blah, blah

Good Studying (brace yourself):Good Studying (brace yourself):

Newton, Mozart, etc.

Dewey

Map Analogy

Explorers

The Map

Teacher

Student

The curriculumGuide to

Experience

Experience

Instruction

Dead Poets

Society

Trans-formative

Exp.

Art“Classics”

Enrich Exp.

“Ideas”

Model & Scaffold

Metaphor

Re-seeing Psychologize

Sugar Coat

Motivated Use

Expansion of Perception

Expansion of Value Your

Experience

C.P. Context

Past Classes

Concepts

Building Integrated Knowledge StructuresBuilding Integrated Knowledge Structures

“Crisscrossing the landscape”To really get to know a city, you should crisscross it

from multiple directions, modes of transportation, etc.Applied to learning, study the same content from

multiple:PerspectivesRepresentationsDirections

Learn content in an integrated way with crosscutting themes.

Building Integrated Knowledge Structures

Building Integrated Knowledge Structures

Dewey

Goals

Prior Kg.

Role of Individual

Instruction

Behaviorism

Information

Processing

Let’s revisit our initial ideas about effective learning. Have they changed?

Make an updated list of effective and ineffective study strategies.

The True Power of Learning is Unlocked When We Teach

Students to Monitor Their Learning and Use Effective Strategies

The True Power of Learning is Unlocked When We Teach

Students to Monitor Their Learning and Use Effective Strategies

This is know as fostering metacognition.