steven a. woods, senior rotorcraft performance engineer

USMC Med & Hvy

Lift

PerformanceComparison

Payload - Radius Performance Comparison

Profiles: HLR ORD Sea Level to 3,000’ at Hot DayHLR ORD 3,000’ to 3,000’ at Hot Day3,000’ to 10,000’ at ISA + 29ºC

Aircraft: MV-22B, CH-53D (-416’s), CH-53D (-416’s & IRB’s), CH-53E, CH-53K, CH-47F

(Rev F, May 2009)Steven A. Woods,Senior Rotorcraft Performance EngineerJohn Steward (H-53), Robert Peacock (V-22),Performance EngineersNaval Air Systems CommandFlight Vehicle Performance Branch, Air 4.3.2.2Patuxent River, MD(301) [email protected]

Douglas Ehlert (CH-47),Performance EngineerU.S. Army Aviation and Missile Research Development and Engineering CenterAeromechanics DivisionHuntsville, AL(256) [email protected]

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Performance Groundrules (cont’d)

• General– Standard Day lapse rates; MIL SPEC 3013 Hot Day Atmosphere definition– Specified altitudes are Pressure Altitude– Zero wind for all segments– Vehicle characteristics reference: Certified NAVAIR 4.3.2.2 Performance databases– CH-47F performance provided by U.S. Army AMRDEC, Huntsville, AL

• Hover Performance– All hovers are Out of Ground Effect (OGE)– Hover OGE employs 100% of takeoff power available

• Shipboard Hovers/Takeoffs use 10% Power Margin• Land based Hovers/Takeoffs at 3,000 ft use 5% Power Margin• High altitude missions from 3,000 ft to 10,000 ft use zero Power Margin

• Cruise Performance– All Engines Operating (AEO)– Cruise legs are performed at speed for 99% of maximum specific range (V.99BR)– External Loads, where applied, are valued at 56 sq ft of Equivalent Flat Plate Drag; exception is the MV-

22 External Load which is 28 sq ft

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Performance Groundrules

• Propulsion System– NAVAIR 4.4.7 engine installation factors– Engine power available and fuel flow is spec– Exceptions:

• CH-53K Power available is Maximum Deteriorated as defined by GE Cycle Deck• CH-53K Fuel Flow increased by 5% above spec for unknown/anticipated installation

effects on a newly designed, untested aircraft• CH-53K Hover Weights are based on Sikorsky derived power available, for these

conditions only. Sikorsky power available for hover was deemed to be more representative of current estimated installed performance based on NAVAIR 4.4.7 and Sikorsky agreement.

– CH-53D and CH-53D with IRB’s are equipped with T64-GE-416 engines• Weights

– NAVAIR 4.1.7 Official Weight Empty, Basic Weight, Operating Weight Empty, and Projected Production Weight Empty for MV-22B, CH-53E, CH-53K

– AMRDEC Weights used for CH-47F

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Weights Summary

Notes:1. MV-22B April 2009 Block B FUL and OWE shown for Pre-Assault Raid Mission (A-2)2. Max Vertical Takeoff Gross Weight3. CH-53K Basic Weight, FUL, and OWE shown for OMFTS A-1 Mission4. CH-47F Basic Weight, FUL, and OWE shown for external lift missions

(LBS) MV-22B1 CH-53E CH-53K3 CH-47F4 CH-53D(-416’s)

CH-53D IRB (-416’s)

Empty Weight 33,753 43,944 25,425 23,542 23,542

Basic Weight 38,550 45,842 28,937 23,622 23,622

Fixed Useful Load 936 882 2,279 1,581 1,787 1,787

Operating Weight Empty 34,689 39,432 48,121 30,518 25,409 25,409

Full Fuel 11,700 15,545 15,545 6,911 13,178 13,178

Maximum Int. Payload GW 526,002 69,750 74,000 50,000 42,000 42,000

Maximum Ext. Payload GW 526,002 73,500 88,000 50,000 42,000 42,000

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Hover OGE WeightsSea Level Hovers include a 10% Power Margin for shipboard ops3K’ 91.5°F Hovers include a 5% Power Margin3K’ ISA +29°C Hovers have zero Power Margin10K’ ISA + 29°C Hovers have zero Power Margin

CH-53D’s are equipped with T64-GE-416 engines(LBS) MV-22B CH-53E CH-53K CH-47F CH-53D CH-53D IRB

Sea Level / 103º F (External) 50,755 58,041 88,000 45,784 39,694 39,312Sea Level / 103º F (Internal) 50,755 58,041 74,000 46,819 39,694 39,312

3000 ft / 91.5º F (External) 47,734 56,769 84,948 44,314 38,082 38,1323000 ft / 91.5º F (Internal) 47,734 56,769 74,000 44,672 38,082 38,1323000 ft / 100.5°F (ISA + 29°C) not req’d 58,154 84,833 not req’d 38,003 38,137 10,000 ft / 75.5º F (External) not req’d 46,925 69,335 36,473 31,395 31,82110,000 ft / 75.5º F (Internal) 37,716 47,399 70,021 36,768 31,395 31,821

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LAT LAC AAT AAC PAR

WEIGHT / DRAG / RADIUS BLOCK B BLOCK B BLOCK B BLOCK B BLOCK B BLOCK B

PROJECTED WEIGHT (Lot 13/ Lot 14)) PROJ PROJ PROJ PROJ PROJ

EMPTY WEIGHT 33,753 33,753 33,753 33,753 33,753 33,753FUL 887 424 1,034 571 936 4,484OWE 34,640 34,177 34,787 34,324 34,689 38,237PAYLOAD 5,760 10,000 5,760 10,000 4,980 0FUEL CAPACITY 11,700 11,700 11,700 11,700 11,700 20,472AVAILABLE FUEL 7,334 3,557 10,208 6,431 11,086 18,426MIDPOINT LIMIT --- --- 47,734 47,734 47,734 ---TOGW 47,734 47,734 50,755 50,755 50,755 56,663DRAG (SQ.FT.) 34.27 34.27 34.27 34.27 34.27 34.69MISSION RADIUS (NM) 233.1 64.3 97.6 123.1 299.1 2250.3

SPEC WEIGHT (Lot 12) SPEC SPEC SPEC SPEC SPEC

EMPTY WEIGHT 34,149 34,149 34,149 34,149 34,149 34,149FUL 887 424 1,034 571 936 4,484OWE 35,036 34,573 35,183 34,720 35,085 38,633PAYLOAD 5,760 10,000 5,760 10,000 4,980 0FUEL CAPACITY 11,700 11,700 11,700 11,700 11,700 20,472AVAILABLE FUEL 6,938 3,161 9,812 6,035 10,690 18,425MIDPOINT LIMIT --- --- 47,734 47,734 47,734 ---TOGW 47,734 47,734 50,755 50,755 50,755 57,058DRAG (SQ.FT.) 34.27 34.27 34.27 34.27 34.27 34.69MISSION RADIUS (NM) 218.7 52.1 90.7 111.6 285.4 2240.4

VMAX (KTAS) TOGW SPEEDBLOCK B SPEC 48,124 281.1BLOCK B PROJ 47,688 281.3

SPEC

April 2009 STATUS

MVSD58k Refuel

Limit

PROJ

MV-22B Block 2 Weights

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CH-53K Weights

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External Mission Gross Weight Buildup - Weight Report for M8701, 7-22-08The only difference between Internal and External weight is the Tiedown weight of 50 lbsNote that any external payload calculated will include weight of cables and rings.

Weight (lbs)Weight Empty 25425 M8025Unusable Fuel 22 M8025Trapped Fuel 40 M8025Trapped Oil 25 M8025Unusable Oil 45 M8025Flexible Guns (3) 131 271-10MCUs (5) 66 M8025Minus Fine Screens -103 271-10Add EAPS 324 271-10IRSS Delta 220.5CMWS 5th Sensor 12ATIRCM 314BPS (Crew only) 1311HICHS 878Air Warrior 136Blue Force Tracker 46L/R Crashworthy Crew Seats 80M4 Mount 5Flux Valve 5HUMS 124Minus Troop Seats, Belts, Supports -169 271-10

CH-47F Basic Weight 28937

Pilot w/ gear 240 TSMCopilot w/gear 240 TSMCrew w/gear (3) 720 TSMAmmo (1200 rds) 78 271-10Flare (120) 60 271-10Chaff (120) 39 271-10Survival Kits (2) AMSS 64 M8025Toolbox 35 TSM - last analysis from TSM was 72 lbs (probably x2)Case of Engine oil 52 TSM (previous)Case of Hydraulic Fluid 53 TSM (previous)

External Load Missions:Gross Weight less usable fuel/cargo 30518.1Tank Capacity (mains and fwd/aft aux) 6911 1030 gal x 6.71 lbs/gal

Internal Load MissionsTiedowns for Internal Load Mission 50Add Troop Seats, Belts, Supports 169Gross Weight less usable fuel/cargo 30737.1Tank Capacity (mains and fwd/aft aux) 6911

CH-47F Weights

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Exceptions to Standard Mission Profiles

MV-22B:

(MV-22B missions were run using mission profile definitions recognized by PMA-275 with the following differences)

1. Segment 1 - Warm-up performed as 10 minutes at Idle Power instead of 5 minutes at MCP (124 lbs less)

2. Segment 2 - VTO & Hover performed for 1 minute for internal payload missions instead of 2 minutes (82 lbs less)

3. No 2-minute hover performed prior to final landing (140 lbs less)4. External payload drag is 28 sq ft5. Amphibious Troops/Internal Payload consists of two cycles before refueling;

mission radius shown for the MV-22B in profile C-2 is flown twice.6. MV-22B maintains a 5% Power Margin for shipboard takeoffs according to

established mission groundrules

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DATA:HLR ORD Profiles at Hot Day

OMFTS (A-1) (External Payload)OMFTS (A-2) (Internal Payload)OMFTS/OEO (B) (External Payload)OMFTS/OEO (C-2) (Internal Payload)SOA (D) (External Payload)SOA (E-2) (Internal Payload)

ISA + 29ºC Day

3,000 ft to 10,000 ft (External Payload)3,000 ft to 10,000 ft (Internal Payload)

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OMFTS Mission Description(Amphibious Pre-Assault / Raid Operations – Ext/Int Payload, A-1/2)

4

6

7

9, 108

1. Warm-up for 5 minutes at Maximum Continuous Power at sea level / 39.4°C2. VTO to hover OGE for 2 minutes; pick up External Load if Applicable3. Cruise out at Best Cruise Speed (VBC) to max radius (legs 3 + 4)4. Climb on course at Best Climb Speed (VBROC) to 3,000 ft5. Hover OGE for 5 minutes; land if applicable; offload ext/int payload; VTO if applicable6. Loiter at Best Endurance Speed (VBE) for 30 minutes7. Descend to sea level (no fuel / time /distance credit)8. Cruise back at Best VBC to max radius (equal to legs 3 + 4)9. Hover OGE for 2 minutes; perform vertical landing10. Land with reserves (greater of 10% of initial mission fuel or fuel for 20 minutes at VBE at sea level)

Entire mission at Hot Day conditions

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110 nm Requirement

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0

5

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0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350Radius ~NM

Payl

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CH-53ECH-53KCH-47FCH-53D IRBCH-53D

OMFTS Pre-Assault Raid External Lift MissionMission A-1

The MV-22B Pre-Assault Raid Mission is run with internal payload only.

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OMFTS Pre-Assault Raid Internal Lift MissionMission A-2

0

5

10

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0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Radius ~NM

Payl

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CH-53ECH-53KMV-22BCH-47FCH-53D IRBsCH-53D

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OMFTS/OEO Mission Description(Amphibious External Lift, B)

4

5

6

9, 107

1. Warm-up for 5 minutes at Maximum Continuous Power at sea level / 39.4°C2. VTO to hover OGE for 2 minutes; pick up External Load3. Cruise out at Best Cruise Speed (VBC) to max radius (legs 3 + 4)4. Climb on course at Best Climb Speed (VBROC) to 3,000 ft5. Hover OGE for 5 minutes; offload external payload6. Descend to sea level (no fuel / time /distance credit)7. Cruise back at VBC to max radius (equal to legs 3 + 4)8. Loiter at Best Endurance Speed (VBE) for 15 minutes9. Hover OGE for 2 minutes; perform vertical landing10. Land with reserves (greater of 10% of initial mission fuel or fuel for 20 minutes at VBE at sea level)


3 1, 2

110 nm Requirement

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OMFTS/OEO Amphibious External Lift MissionMission B

Drag of external load for CH-47 & CH-53’s is 56 sq ft; for MV-22B is 28 sq ft (Medium Lift)

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OMFTS/OEO Mission Description(Amphibious Troops/Int Payload, C-1/2)

4

5 612, 13

7

1. Warm-up for 5 minutes at Maximum Continuous Power at sea level / 39.4°C2. VTO to hover OGE for 2 minutes3. Climb at Best Climb Speed (VBROC) to 1,000 ft4. Loiter at Best Endurance Speed (VBE) for 40 minutes5. Descend to sea level (no fuel / time / distance credit)6. Cruise out at Best Cruise Speed (VBC) to max radius (legs 6 + 7)7. Climb on course at VBROC to 3,000 ft8. Hover OGE for 5 minutes; land; offload troops/int payload; VTO9. Descend to sea level (no fuel / time /distance credit)10. Cruise back at VBC to max radius (equal to 6+ 7)11. Loiter at VBE for 15 minutes12. Hover OGE for 2 minutes; perform vertical landing13. Land with reserves (greater of 10% of initial mission fuel or fuel for 20 minutes at VBE at sea level)


3

1, 2

110 nm Requirement

10

8

911

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OMFTS/OEO Amphibious Internal Lift MissionMission C-2

MV-22B Flies this Radius Twice

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SOA Mission Description(Land Assault External Lift, D)

45

6, 7

1. Warm-up for 5 minutes at Maximum Continuous Power at 3,000 ft / 33.1°C2. VTO to hover OGE for 2 minutes; pick up External Load3. Cruise out at Best Cruise Speed (VBC) to max radius4. Hover OGE for 5 minutes; offload external payload5. Cruise back at VBC to max radius6. Hover OGE for 2 minutes; perform vertical landing7. Land with reserves (greater of 10% of initial mission fuel or fuel for 20 minutes at VBE at 3,000 ft)


3 1, 2

110 nm Requirement

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SOA Land Assault External Lift MissionMission D

Drag of external load for CH-47 & CH-53’s is 56 sq ft; for MV-22B is 28 sq ft (Medium Lift)

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SOA Mission Description(Land Assault Troops/Int Payload, E-1/2)

45

6, 7

1. Warm-up for 5 minutes at Maximum Continuous Power at 3,000 ft / 33.1°C2. VTO to hover OGE for 2 minutes3. Cruise out at Best Cruise Speed (VBC) to max radius4. Hover OGE for 5 minutes; land; offload troops/int payload, VTO5. Cruise back at VBC to max radius6. Hover OGE for 2 minutes; perform vertical landing7. Land with reserves (greater of 10% of initial mission fuel or fuel for 20 minutes at VBE at 3,000 ft)


3 1, 2

110 nm Requirement

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Radius ~NM

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SOA Land Assault Internal Lift MissionMission E-2

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3K’ to 10K’ Mission DescriptionExternal Lift

4 6

8, 97

1. Warm-up for 5 minutes at Maximum Continuous Power at 3,000 ft.2. VTO to hover OGE for 2 minutes; pick up External Load3. Cruise out at Speed for 99% of Best Range (V .99BR) to max radius (legs 3 + 4)4. Climb on course at Best Climb Speed (VBROC) to 10,000 ft5. Hover OGE for 5 minutes; offload external payload6. Descend to 3,000 ft. (no fuel / time /distance credit)7. Cruise back at Best V.99BR to max radius (equal to legs 3 + 4)8. Hover OGE for 2 minutes; perform vertical landing9. Land with reserves (greater of 10% of initial mission fuel or fuel for 20 minutes at VBE at sea level)

Entire mission at Standard (ISA) Day and ISA + 29ºC conditions

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Mission Radius

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CH-53ECH-53KCH-47FCH-53D IRBsCH-53D

External Lift Mission, ISA + 29ºC, 3K’ to 10K’0% Hover Power Margin

Previous study done for HQMC in March 2009 from which this data was taken looked at MV-22B carrying only internal payloads for this profile.

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3K’ to 10K’ Mission DescriptionInternal Lift

4 6

8, 97

1. Warm-up for 5 minutes at Maximum Continuous Power at 3,000 ft.2. VTO to hover OGE for 1 minute3. Cruise out at Speed for 99% of Best Range (V .99BR) to max radius (legs 3 + 4)4. Climb on course at Best Climb Speed (VBROC) to 10,000 ft5. Hover OGE for 5 minutes; land; offload troops/internal payload, VTO6. Descend to 3,000 ft. (no fuel / time /distance credit)7. Cruise back at Best V.99BR to max radius (equal to legs 3 + 4)8. Hover OGE for 2 minutes; perform vertical landing9. Land with reserves (greater of 10% of initial mission fuel or fuel for 20 minutes at VBE at sea level)

Entire mission at Standard (ISA) Day and ISA + 29ºC conditions

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Mission Radius

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0

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Internal Lift Mission, ISA + 29ºC, 3K’ to 10K’0% Hover Power Margin

steven a. woods, senior rotorcraft performance engineer

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