Steve JohnsonAssistant Director, Trade and Industry

International Tropical Timber Organization

Promoting the implementation of SFM in the tropics

Sustainable Forest Management: International Experiences and Mexican Perspectives

22-25 September 2014, Mexico City

Early Warnings

• The Limits to Growth

• Our Common Future

• Rio Summit 1992

• 1970-1980: 11.3 million ha/yr• 1980-1990: 16.4 million ha/yr• 1990-2000: 16 million ha/yr• 2000-2005: 13 million ha/yr• 2005-2010: 11 million ha/yr

Tropical Deforestation Rates

Outcomes of the Rio Earth Summit (1992)

• Rio Declaration

– Forest principles

– Agenda 21 on sustainable development

– CBD

– UNFCCC

– UNCCD

Tropical forests sustainably managed in 1988

• Less than 1 million ha

• IIED published report ‘No Timber Without Trees’

• 41 principles

• 36 possible actions

• Areas covered:

– Policy & legislation

– Forest management

– Socio-economic & financial aspects

ITTO Guidelines for the Sustainable Management of Natural Tropical Forests

• Better understanding of SFM

• Consistency in reporting• Basis for certification• 5 criteria and 27 indicators

at national level• 6 criteria and 23 indicators at

FMU level

Criteria and Indicators (C&I)

• 28 training workshops organized

• More than US$ 30 million in C&I activities, including workshops

• 150 countries

C&I Workshops and Activities

• Guidelines for the Sustainable Management of Natural Tropical Forests (1991)

• Guidelines for the Establishment and Sustainable Management of Planted Tropical Forests (1993)

• Guidelines on the Conservation of Biodiversity in Tropical Production Forests (1993)

ITTO Guidelines

• Guidelines on Fire Management (1998)

• Guidelines for the Restoration, Manage-ment and Rehabilitation of Degraded and Secondary Tropical Forests (2002)

• ITTO/IUCN Guidelines for the Conserva-tion and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity in Tropical Timber Production Forests (2009)

• Voluntary guidelines for the sustainable management of natural tropical forests (2014)

ITTO Guidelines

Region Country Mission Date

Africa

Cameroon September 2008Central African Republic March 2002

Republic of Congo October 2001Gabon January 2005

Côte d’Ivoire August 2008Liberia May 2005Nigeria August 2007Togo February 2008

Asia-Pacific

Cambodia September 2004Fiji October 2004

India April 2006Indonesia September 2001

Papua New Guinea February 2007Philippines May 2003Thailand March 2006

Latin America

Brazil October 2001Ecuador April 2004Guyana October 2002Mexico May 2005Panama August 2004

Peru June 2003Suriname August 2003

Trinidad and Tobago December 2002

Diagnostic Missions since 2000

Forest Industry Support

Certified Timber

Certification

• Origin: unsustainable management of tropical forests

• Process: C & I audits certification

• Certified area in tropical countries: 40 mill ha (2011), mostly FSC and MTCC (PEFC growing)

• Share of tropical countries in global certified forest area still small (around 10% of total)

• 36 million ha sustainably managed

• 25 million ha for production

• 11 million ha for protection

• Asia-Pacific: 20 million ha

• Africa: 6 million ha

• Latin America: 10 million ha

SFM Tropics 2005

• 53 million ha sustainably managed

• 30 million ha for production

• 23 million ha for protection

• Asia-Pacific: 20 million ha

• Africa: 11 million ha

• Latin America: 22 million ha

SFM Tropics 2011

• Vegetation survey

• Fauna survey

• Local communityinvolvement

Biodiversity Expedition in Sarawak

Lanjak-Entimau – Betung Kerihun

• 1 million ha biodiversity conservation area

Region Countries AreaBorneo Sarawak, Malaysia &

Kalimantan, Indonesia2.71 m ha

Emerald Triangle Forest Complex

Thailand, Cambodia, Lao PDR

0.36 m ha

Kabo-Ndoki Region Congo, Cameroon, Central African Republic

1.30 m ha

Mengamé-Minkébé Gorilla Sanctuary

Cameroon, Gabon 0.14 m ha

Cordillera del Condor Ecuador, Peru 2.42 m haTambopata-Madidi Protected Area

Peru, Bolivia 4.20 m ha

Total 11.13 m ha

Transboundary Conservation Areas

MOU with CBD

The ITTO Thematic Programmes

• TP concept adopted in 2008

• REDDES

• TFLET

• TMT

• CFME

• IDE

TFLET CFME

IDETMT

SFM

REDDES

Notable Figures on Financing

Global Financial Requirement for SFM

UNCED (1992)--------------------- ---US$31.25 b/yr

Pretoria Workshop (1996) ------ ---US$33 b/yr ITTO (for all tropical forests)---- ---US$11 b/yr UNFF (2006)1 ---------------------- ---US$69.3

b/yr UNFCCC (to halve DD) (2007)2 --US$20 b/yrNote: 1 From “Brief study on funding and finance for forestry and forest-based sector”

commissioned by UNFF Secretariat; Related disinvestments, including compensation for deforestation and forest degradation, are added.

2 From “Financing flows and needs to implement the Non-legally Binding Instrument on All types of Forests” prepared for AGF of CPF; Opportunity costs for REDD and afforestation/reforestation costs are included.

Notable Challenges

Financing tropical SFM Market access Negative perceptions of tropical timber Competing land uses Poor governance Equitable benefit sharing and stakeholder

involvement

ITTO-CITES Programme

Good example showing ITTO’s approach to promoting SFM

Focus on products from 8 tropical tree species listed in CITES Appendices

Assistance provided to facilitate management plans, inventories, non-detriment findings, wood identification, etc

$15 million funding since 2007; more funds being sought for new phase to start in 2015/16

ITTO-CITES Programme

Website: www.itto.int

Email: itto@itto.int; johnson@itto.int

Promoting sustainable development through trade, conservation and best-practice forest management in

tropical countries