INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO POLITECNICO“SANTIAGOMARIÑO”EXTENSION MERIDA

MEMBERS: Luisanna Molina

ID: 24195469Maria Vidalia Chavarria

ID:26052985Brumary RuizID: 19146380

TEACHER: Aracelis Torres

A subdiscipline of chemistry, involves the study of therelative spatial arrangement of atoms that form thestructure of molecules and their manipulation. An importantbranch of stereochemistry is the study of chiral molecules.Stereochemistry is also known as 3D chemistry because theprefix "stereo-" means "three-dimensionality".

Isomers are different compounds that have the same molecular formula.

HYBRIDIZATION OF NITROGEN

Nitrogen in its atomic ground state has the following electronic structure: Analogously tocarbon atom the nitrogen atom should be able to form bonds with the valence angle of90o (three such bonds). Orbital hybridization gives instead four orbitals, one of which isfilled and does not participate in bonding.

HYBRIDIZATION OF OXYGEN

The electronic structure of atomic oxygen is:1s2 2s2 2px2 2py 2pz. Mixing of the two 2p

orbitals and 2s orbital gives four sp3 hybridized orbitals, of which two are half-filled andavailable for bonding. Each of the two remaining orbitals feature two electrons notavailable for bonding (nonbonding). The valency of oxygen is therefore 2, and thevalence angle is close to that of tetrahedral.