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    Steps to Writing the Paper

    6.1 Think about the assignment,the audience and the purpose

    6.2 Prepare an outline

    6.3 Write the rough draft

    6.4 Know how to use yoursource materials and cite them

    6.5 Have others read and critique the paper

    6.6 Revise and proofread

    6.1 Think about the assignment, the audience and the purpose

    To prepare for writing, go over once more the requirements of the assignment to make sure you focusyour writing efforts on what's expected by your instructor. Consider the purpose of the paper, either asset forth in the assignment, or as stated in your thesis statementare you trying to persuade, toinform, to evaluate, to summarize?

    Who is your audience and how will that affect your paper?

    What prior knowledge can you assume the audience has on the topic?

    What style and tone of writing are required by the audience and the assignmentinformal,scholarly, first-person reporting, dramatized?

    Read the linked articles that discussAudience and tone. Also, look at the articles about the structureand purpose of different kinds of papersCommon Types of PapersandPapers on special subjectsto make sure your writing goals are clear to you.

    6.2 Prepare an outline

    Try to get a "model" outline for the type of paper you're writing, or look at examples of good papers tosee how they were organized. The Roane State Community College OWL (Henley, 1996) gives anexample of an outline for a paper written to describe a problem:

    Introduction

    Statement of the ProblemThesis Sentence

    Body: Paragraphs 1 and 2

    History of the Problem (Include, perhaps, past attempts at solutions. Work in sources.)

    Body: Paragraphs 3 and 4Extent of the Problem (Who is affected? How bad is it? Work in sources.)

    http://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/step6.htm#sec1.1http://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/step6.htm#sec1.1http://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/step6.htm#sec1.1http://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/step6.htm#sec1.2http://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/step6.htm#sec1.2http://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/step6.htm#sec1.3http://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/step6.htm#sec1.3http://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/step6.htm#sec1.4http://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/step6.htm#sec1.4http://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/step6.htm#sec1.4http://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/step6.htm#sec1.5http://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/step6.htm#sec1.5http://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/step6.htm#sec1.5http://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/step6.htm#sec1.5http://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/step6.htm#sec1.6http://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/step6.htm#sec1.6http://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/linkswritingstyle.htm#audiencehttp://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/linkswritingstyle.htm#audiencehttp://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/linkswritingstyle.htm#audiencehttp://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/linkscommon.htmhttp://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/linkscommon.htmhttp://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/linksspecial.htmhttp://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/linksspecial.htmhttp://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/bibliography.htm#Henley%201996%20Ahttp://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/bibliography.htm#Henley%201996%20Ahttp://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/bibliography.htm#Henley%201996%20Ahttp://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/bibliography.htm#Henley%201996%20Ahttp://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/linksspecial.htmhttp://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/linkscommon.htmhttp://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/linkswritingstyle.htm#audiencehttp://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/step6.htm#sec1.6http://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/step6.htm#sec1.5http://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/step6.htm#sec1.5http://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/step6.htm#sec1.4http://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/step6.htm#sec1.4http://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/step6.htm#sec1.3http://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/step6.htm#sec1.2http://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/step6.htm#sec1.1http://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/step6.htm#sec1.1

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    Body: Paragraphs 5 and 6

    Repercussions of the Problem (Work in sources.)Body: Paragraphs 7 and 8

    Future solutions (not necessarily your own. More sources.)

    ConclusionSummarize your findings

    There are a lot more model outlines and instructions for preparing outlines available in books and at

    the OWLs. See the links underOrganizing information for lots of articles on outlining andother ways to organize your paper.

    6.3 Write the rough draftvisit the OWLs

    Here's where the Online Writing Labs excelthere are many dozens of great articles on every

    aspect of writing your paper. The Links pages have classified these by topic so that you can browseeasily and pick out articles you want to read. The entireLinks for Writingsection will be helpful, andspecifically the sections on:

    Title, introduction and conclusion

    Writing style and technique Grammar and punctuation

    6.4 Know how to use your source materials and cite them

    See the sectionCiting sourceson the Links page. There's also a nice section on using sources in themiddle of another article entitled inWriting a General Research Paperfrom the Roane State

    Community College OWL (Henley, 1996 A). The section, "What Happens When the Sources Seemto be Writing My Paper For Me?" describes how to break up long quotations and how to cite anauthor multiple times without letting the author take over your paper, and it links to both the MLA and

    the APA style requirements for partial quotations, full quotations, indented quotations, in-textquotations, and paraphrasing.

    6.5 Have others read and critique the paper

    Read your paper out loud, to yourself. See if the arguments are coherent, logical and conclusive whenread aloud. Have several experienced people read and critique your paper. If your school has a writing

    lab, use the tutors or helpers there as critics. If your only choice is other students, make sure they're Astudents!

    See linked articles onCritiques and peer review.

    6.6 Revise and proofread

    See the "Revision Checklist" from George Mason University. The checklist asks some generalquestions to help you step back and take a look at the overall content and structure of the paper, thendrills down to paragraphs, sentences and words for a closer examination of the writing sty le.

    Almost all theOWLshave very large sections on grammar, sentence and paragraph structure, writingstyle, proofreading, revising and common errors. Browse some of the larger OWLs like PurdueUniversity andUniversity of Victoriaand see the linked articles onRevising and rewriting.

    http://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/linksorganizing.htmhttp://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/linksorganizing.htmhttp://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/links.htm#writinghttp://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/links.htm#writinghttp://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/links.htm#writinghttp://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/linkstitle.htmhttp://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/linkstitle.htmhttp://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/linkswritingstyle.htmhttp://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/linkswritingstyle.htmhttp://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/linksgrammar.htmhttp://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/linksgrammar.htmhttp://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/linkciting.htmhttp://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/linkciting.htmhttp://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/linkciting.htmhttp://www.rscc.cc.tn.us/owl/Research.htmlhttp://www.rscc.cc.tn.us/owl/Research.htmlhttp://www.rscc.cc.tn.us/owl/Research.htmlhttp://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/bibliography.htm#Henley%201996%20Ahttp://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/bibliography.htm#Henley%201996%20Ahttp://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/bibliography.htm#Henley%201996%20Ahttp://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/linksrevising.htm#critiqueshttp://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/linksrevising.htm#critiqueshttp://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/linksrevising.htm#critiqueshttp://www.gmu.edu/departments/writingcenter/handouts/check.htmlhttp://www.gmu.edu/departments/writingcenter/handouts/check.htmlhttp://www.gmu.edu/departments/writingcenter/handouts/check.htmlhttp://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/linksowls.htmhttp://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/linksowls.htmhttp://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/linksowls.htmhttp://owl.english.purdue.edu/http://owl.english.purdue.edu/http://owl.english.purdue.edu/http://owl.english.purdue.edu/http://web.uvic.ca/wguide/http://web.uvic.ca/wguide/http://web.uvic.ca/wguide/http://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/linksrevising.htmhttp://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/linksrevising.htmhttp://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/linksrevising.htmhttp://web.uvic.ca/wguide/http://owl.english.purdue.edu/http://owl.english.purdue.edu/http://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/linksowls.htmhttp://www.gmu.edu/departments/writingcenter/handouts/check.htmlhttp://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/linksrevising.htm#critiqueshttp://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/bibliography.htm#Henley%201996%20Ahttp://www.rscc.cc.tn.us/owl/Research.htmlhttp://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/linkciting.htmhttp://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/linksgrammar.htmhttp://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/linkswritingstyle.htmhttp://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/linkstitle.htmhttp://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/links.htm#writinghttp://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/linksorganizing.htm

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    Congratulations! You made it through all the steps to researching and writing

    an paper. We hope your instructor agrees!

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