Bio 32 Review 1 (R1):

Chap 1 Structural Organization Levels in Human Body (Fig. 1.1)

R4:Chap 3 Cell structure, organelles with function, plasma membrane (enables hormone production and release) (Fig. 3.22)

R2 (Bio 32 review): Chap 11 Nervous System (Fig. 11.2)

Fig. 15.1

R3: Chap 4 *Four major tissue types: muscular, nervous, connective, epithelial (Fig. 4.3) *Also Glandular Epithelia & Secretions

R5:Chap 3 Interstitial space (Fig. 1.2)

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R6: Chap 2 Chemistry: 4 major macromolecule types (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates,nucleic acids

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51 AAs together make hormone Insulin

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Fig 15.2

Fig. 15.3

R7: Chap 3 Cell: Protein Synthesis

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Fig. like 1.5 in text regarding body temperature

Fig. 15.18

Fig 15.4

Fig. 15.1

Fig 4.3

Fig. 15.5 a

Fig. 15.5 b

Fig 15.7

Fig. 15.6

Fig. 15.8

Fig 15.5

Fig. 15.9

Fig 15.10

Fig 15.11

Fig 15.12a

Fig 15.13

Fig 15.14a

Fig 15.17

Fig 15.16

Table

Table 15.3

Fig.15.17

Fig. 15.1

Endocrine Study Chart

Organs/ Areas: Posterior Pituitary Gland, Anterior Pituitary Gland, Thyroid Gland, Parathyroid Gland, Adrenal Gland, Pancreas, Pineal Gland, Thymus, Gonads

Organ Hormone Name Target Cells

(what organs or cells are affected)

Generalized Action on Cells/organs

(what do the cells do in response to the hormone?)

Instructor will provide imbalances or medical conditions

Hypothalamus -GHRH

-TRH

-CRH

-GnRH

Ant. Pituitary epi cell groups make:

GH

TSH

ACTH

FSH, LH

Anterior Pituitary

Growth hormone

(GH)

-Too little in infancy results in pituitary dwarfism.

-Too much in childhood results in gigantism but once growth plates close we have acromegaly.

TSH

Graves Disease: an autoimmune immunoglobulin (antibody like protein) imitates normal TSH and causes an overstimulation of the thyroid gland and hypersecretion

of thyroid hormones.

Prolactin

LH and FSH Active in the production of sperm in males, oocytes (eggs) in females and reproductive hormones in both sexes.. They will be discussed with the male and female reproductive systems later in the course.

Posterior Pituitary

Note: Cell bodies are in hypothalamus & axons with hormone secretion are in post. Pit.

Oxytocin Synthetic oxytocin can be given I.V. to induce labor

ADH

(antidiuretic hormone)

Diabetes insipidus

The term “diuretic” drugs means medications that cause H2O loss

Thyroid Thyroid hormones TH

(T3 and T4,

thyroxine)

Increases cell metabolism

Hyperthyroidism:

(Graves dis. already covered)

Hypothyroidism

Goiter:

Iodine deficiency goiter:

Parathyroid PTH

↑ blood Ca++ by activating 3 target tissues:

1.

2.

3.

Adrenal aldosterone The rennin-angiotensin pathway and further effects aldosterone will be discussed more thoroughly later in the course with urinary system and fluid, electrolyte balance.

Cortisol (glucocorticoids)

↑ results in Cushing’s disease. Most common medically induced disease from giving patients

corticosteroids.

↓ results in Addison’s disease along with a ↓ in aldosterone

androgens Male type sex hormones converted to testosterone in males and estrogens in females. Responsible for axillary & pubic hair in females. Available first during fetal development.

Epinephrine, norepinephrine

(catecholamines)

Epinephrine, norepinephrine

Thymus Thymosin

Hypo causes incomplete immune protection lacking T-cell development.

Gonads

-ovaries

Estrogen and progesterone

Female reproductive hormones discussed with the reproductive systems later in the course.

Gonads

-testes

Testosterone Male reproductive hormones discussed with the reproductive systems later in the course.

pancreas Insulin

β-cell respond to ↑ blood glucose

Tissue cells

Liver cells

Uptake glucose for utilization and fat formation

Link glucose into long glycogen molecules

Hyposecretion: Type I diabetes mellitus

Note: Diabetes mellitus will be discussed more thoroughly later in the course

Glucagon

α-cell respond to ↓ blood glucose

Liver cells Break apart glycogen and release glucose molecules.

Synthesis of new glucose from other body sources

Fig. 15.19