stephanie pendry crawford allan joyce wu · cop12 the secretariat decided that this excellent...

Produced by

In association with:WWF UK, CITES Secretariat, Partnership for Action against Wildlife Crime,

Council of Agriculture

Stephanie PendryCrawford AllanJoyce Wu

Grant Cameron

Published by TRAFFIC International

© 2004 Her Majesty’s Customs and Excise and TRAFFIC InternationalAll rights reserved.

All material appearing in this publication is copyrighted and may be reproduced withpermission. Any reproduction in full or in part of this publication must credit Her Majesty’sCustoms and Excise and TRAFFIC International as the copyright owners.

The views of the authors expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of HerMajesty’s Customs and Excise, the TRAFFIC Network, WWF, IUCN, CITES Secretariat,Council of Agriculture or the PAW Secretariat.

The designations of geographical entities in this publication and the presentation of the materialdo not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of Her Majesty’s Customsand Excise, TRAFFIC or its supporting organisations concerning the legal status of any country,territory, or area, or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

Suggested citation: Cameron, G., Pendry, S. , Allan, C. and Wu, J. 2004. Traditional AsianMedicine Identification Guide for Law Enforcers: Version II. Her Majesty’s Customs andExcise, London and TRAFFIC International, Cambridge, UK.

Front cover: seizures of various TAM products and raw ingredients.Raw ingredients in TAM pharmacy © Crawford Allan / TRAFFIC International Saiga antelop horns © Joyce Wu / TRAFFIC East Asia - TaipeiFront cover design: Yu-cheng Lin

IMPORTANT - DISCLAIMERThe authors and all organisations responsible for the production of this guide do not make anyclaims that the manufacturers of patent medicines included herein have used endangered speciesin the production of these medicines. All references to the ingredients of manufactured patentmedicines contained herein are based solely upon the interpretation of the packaging of themedicines examined. This interpretation does not verify that these medicines genuinely containthe species as stated, it merely documents where packaging has indicated that its ingredientscontain said species. This interpretation is based upon the claims or indications on specificexamples of medicine packaging, held by enforcement agencies. The packaging of thesemedicinal products may have subsequently been adapted, amended or discontinued and it should

therefore be noted that current packaging may no longer claim tocontain such species. Furthermore, there is evidence of signif-icant counterfeiting of patent medicines and many of theexamples provided here may in fact be such counterfeits. Thedescription of the contents of counterfeit medicines is clearlybeyond the control of the genuine manufacturers whose namesand trade marks may be reproduced on counterfeit products.Many medicine examples herein may also be old stock,produced prior to the restriction of use of endangered speciesunder domestic laws in the countries of manufacture.

is a joint programme of

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Contents

Foreword by the CITES Secretariat

Acknowledgements

How to use this guide

The trade in traditional Asian medicine

Fakes and forensics

Identification based on name systems: common, scientific,Chinese characters, Pinyin and Roman

Identification of raw ingredients: animals and plants

Identification of patent medicines: packaging and description

Annex

How the trade operates

References

Index : by product name

by manufacturer

Page

ii

iii

1

5

8

12

17

29

A1 – A6

A7

Index A1 – A19

Index B1 – B14

PLASTERS

CAPSULES / PILLS

MEDICINE BALLS

RESIN BLOCKS

POWDERS

LIQUIDS

MISCELLANEOUS

FOREWORD

At the 12th meeting of the Conference of the Parties (Santiago, 2002) a CD Rom of the first

edition of the Traditional Asian Medicine Identification Guide for Law Enforcers was distributed

to the delegations present and shortly thereafter also to all CITES Parties with a Notification.

Hard copies of the guide were also distributed to the Parties by TRAFFIC International. At

CoP12 the Secretariat decided that this excellent product of collaborative work between HM

Customs and Excise's CITES Enforcement Team at Heathrow and TRAFFIC International

should continue and be further developed.

Traditional medicines have a very long and important history in health care and although the

parts and derivatives may not have changed much over the centuries, the packaging and

commercial names do change. Even with the increased use of captive bred animals and artifi-

cially propagated plants, as well as the ongoing development of substitutes and/ or alternatives,

the risk of overexploitation of some of the species and the illicit use of endangered ones has not

disappeared.

In addition, more and more Parties are increasing their controls on the trade in medicines, thus

improving the regulation of legal trade and more effectively combating illegal trade. This manual

has proven to be an excellent tool judging from the fact that many additional copies of it were

requested from the Secretariat.

At CoP12, the Secretariat entered into an agreement to produce a second edition before CoP13,

and I am pleased that this difficult work has been completed by the two original authors with

contributions from various other organizations and individuals. This time a hard copy could not

be produced as a consequence of the lack of funding (which unfortunately seems to be charac-

teristic of our times). On the other hand, it made it easier to arrange all available information on

particular medicine groups conveniently together and therefore to make the guide more easily

accessible to users.

I am convinced that this second edition will be equally, if not more successful than the first one,

and I hope that funds will be made available for a regular biennial update of this manual.

Willem W. Wijnstekers

Secretary General, CITES Secretariat, Switzerland

ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors wish to express their gratitude to the donors who supported this project:

the CITES Secretariat, WWF-UK and the Department for Environment, Food and Rural

Affairs who provided the funds for the production of this guide. The Taiwan Council of

Agriculture supported some of the staff time for TRAFFIC.

Many people generously assisted in the production of this guide. Medicine examples used were

supplied by many offices of HM Customs and Excise, the Metropolitan Police Service, and

Hampshire Police in the UK, the Dutch Customs Service, the CITES Management Authority of

Hong Kong and Taiwan Ministry of Justice, Investigation Bureau. Particular thanks go to the

following for their support, advice and technical expertise:

Steven Broad TRAFFIC International

Stuart Chapman WWF-UK

CITES Team HMCE, Heathrow Airport

Robin Cooper HMCE, London

Julie Gray TRAFFIC International

Sean Lam TRAFFIC East Asia

Samuel Lee TRAFFIC East Asia

Charles Mackay HMCE, Heathrow Airport

Rob Parry-Jones TRAFFIC

Marcus Phipps TRAFFIC

Ger van Vliet CITES Secretariat

Willem Wijnstekers CITES Secretariat

Nick P. Williams Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

Dr. Uwe Schippmann Federal Aqency for Nature Conservation, Germany

Natalie Hofbauer Federal Aqency for Nature Conservation, Germany

iii

Special thanks go to Arno Hengeveld, from the General Inspection Service in the Netherlands

who assisted greatly by providing many new medicine images, and by working alongside HMCE

in the development of the new version of this identification guide.

HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE

The production of an identification guide for traditional Asian medicines in trade was thoughtnecessary to assist enforcers to determine which medicines and ingredients are legal or illegal,in the context of the cases they are dealing with. The majority of law enforcers have noknowledge of Chinese characters and the many forms that these medicines take. This guide isprimarily for law enforcers based outside Asia, in countries where large volumes of traditionalAsian medicines are imported. The regions where this version of the guide may be of most useinclude Europe, North America and Australasia.

The format of the second version of the guide is the same as first one, but no hard copy will beproduced. The format of the guide remains so that a hard copy can be printed by the user if theywish. The images contained here of patent medicines and the details found on them, werecompiled by Her Majesty's Customs and Excise (HMCE) CITES Team at Heathrow Airport andTRAFFIC East Asia Taipei. HMCE and TRAFFIC have worked together in developing thisguide to aid enforcers in identifying which of the many thousands of medicines in trade contain,or claim to contain species listed in the CITES Appendices and Annexes of the EU Regulation.This guide contains 810 full colour images of traditional Asian medicines with correspondinginformation for each medicine, detailing the product name, manufacturer and alleged ingre-dients. The images are of medicines that have been confiscated by enforcement agencies becausethey claim to contain controlled species. Some medicines that do not claim to contain controlledspecies have also been included because of their close similarity to a medicine that does.

The main section of this guide contains images and information on the most commonly foundpatent medicines in international trade outside Asia. Other sections have also been provided togive detailed guidance to assist in identification or as useful background information. Theseinclude some information on the medicinal trade; a section on fakes and forensics, and a sectionon identification of frequently used species and their derivatives found in products, according todifferent types of naming systems used in traditional medicine. There is also a section withinformation on the legislation relevant to this trade and how it operates, and a section to help inidentifying both animal and plant raw ingredients.

To assist in identification of patent medicines, the products have been divided into differentcolour coded categories according to the form in which the medicine is manufactured.

1

PLASTERS

CAPSULES / PILLS

MEDICINE BALLS

RESIN BLOCKS

POWDERS

LIQUIDS

MISCELLANEOUS

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

There are two parts to the identification system - images of the patent medicine packaging

and tables detailing the information held on the packaging, such as its ingredients. Each

colour page of images has a correlating page that contains the table of information relating

to the images. The left-hand page contains the table that refers to the images on the right-hand

page. The images and tables are cross referenced using lettering (A,B,C, D etc.).

There are different naming systems for the species and ingredients used. This guide

documents the common (English) name, scientific (Latin) name, Chinese character,

Chinese pinyin and Roman. Pinyin is the phonetic translation of Chinese characters and

Roman text is the traditional pharmaceutical name given to the ingredients. Both pinyin

and Roman are often used on traditional medicinal packaging in addition to the Chinese

characters. In the tables the order of the ingredients is listed by common name (e.g. bear).

Each ingredient may also have numbers next to it, for example: tiger bone1 2 3 . These

numbers give further information on how the ingredient is shown on the ingredients list of

the medicine, as detailed below. Where no number is written, it is not known how the

ingredient is shown.

1 ingredient is shown in English and or Roman e.g. Tiger Bone, or Os Tigris

2 ingredient is shown in Chinese pinyin e.g. Hu Gu

3 ingredient is shown in Chinese characters e.g.

4 target species indicated by an image of the species

The names of the medicines have been copied directly from the packaging, so any typing

errors that appear on the packaging remain in the tables to aid in identification.

Further information can be found in the ‘Notes’column on the right-hand side of each table.

Many products carry a unique identifying code, printed on the packaging by the manufac-turer.

These codes can be used as a definitive way of identifying products and determining

the date of the patent of the medicine. There may be several versions patented over time,

some with target species and some without. The code indicates which version of the

product it is. These code numbers are preceded by the word ‘rat’ or ‘ref’, standing for

ratification number or reference number.

The product images within each category have largely been grouped together according to

the orientation of the overall shape of the packaging -

portrait:- or landscape:-

2

How to identify a medicine using this guide:

1. If the medicine name is identifiable, look it up in the Product Name Index. There may be more

than one reference e.g. 3.6 C/D/E. 3.6 refers to the page number in the products sections and

the letters C / D / E refers to the individual medicines listed.

2. If the manufacturer’s details are identifiable, look them up in the Manufacturer Index.

3. What physical form does the medicine take? i.e. plaster, pill, powder etc. Find the beginning

of the product section for that type of medicine and make a visual comparison.

4. If the packaging is a box, is it portrait or landscape in layout? Portrait images generally come

first within each section, landscape images second.

5. Similar products have been placed together within each section - i.e. tiger bone plasters are

together, as are musk plasters etc. If the medicine you are examining has an image of a lion

or tiger on it, look for the groupings of such images in the section. Alternatively, if there is

some text in English such as ‘tiger and musk analgesic plaster’ look in the sections on plasters

for the tiger medicines.

6. By comparing the medicine you are examining with the images in the guide, it may be

possible to identify the packaging if it is included in the guide. Once you visually match the

specimen with the sample in the guide, refer to the text table associated with that image to

determine if the medicine claims to contain controlled species.

NOTE: most of the medicines included in this guide do claim to contain controlled species. If

the medicine you have is not included in the guide, then it is possible that it does not contain any

controlled species. However, check carefully on the ingredients list to see if you can identify any

Chinese characters depicting the name of a controlled species (see section on identification based

on name systems ). It may be necessary to arrange for the packaging to be translated to be

absolutely sure. Do not assume that because the packaging looks identical that the ingredients

list will also be the same. It is important to always check that the controlled ingredient associated

with that packaging is still listed in the ingredients list.

The Chinese characters for ‘ingredients’ is: and ‘formula’is:

3

We need your samples! The authors would be grateful to receive anyexamples of the packaging of medicines that are controlled but do notappear in this guide. Please post packages to TRAFFIC International,219a Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DL, UK, for inclusion insubsequent updates. Please do not send the contents of the medicinepackaging.

Interpreting the information on medicine packages

4

Chinese characters for musk Chinese characters for tiger bone

Chinese pinyin for musk Name and country of

manufacturer

Chinese pinyin for

tiger bone

Chinesecharactersforingredients

Chinesecharactersformusk

Chinesecharactersfortiger bone

Roman formusk

Roman fortiger bone

THE TRADE IN TRADITIONAL ASIAN MEDICINE

Traditional Asian medicinesTraditional Asian medicine has been in existence for more than 5000 years. It relies on

using animal and plant substances, which form the basis of raw ingredients for prescription

medicine and manufactured patent medicines. The raw ingredients may be used directly

after some preparation (grinding, washing, boiling, drying etc.) or may be made into

factory-processed forms such as plasters, pills or tablets and packaged in mass quantities

for national or worldwide distribution.

By definition, traditional Asian medicine includes traditional East Asian medicines (particularly

traditional Chinese medicine [known as TCM] and medicine systems from Japan and

South Korea) and Southeast Asian medicines (especially from Indonesia, Malaysia,

Thailand, and Vietnam). The majority of medicines in this guide are TCM, which is the

most significant for law enforcement worldwide. TCM is the most widespread A s i a n

medical system and its application outside Asia is increasing. It is one of the main forms

of health care in China and is widely used within expatriate Asian communities worldwide.

Concern about the use of threatened species in traditional Asian medicines grew in the late

1980s as numbers of rhinoceroses and tigers plummeted, largely because of poaching for

the medicinal trade. Thousands of species of animals and plants are used in traditional

Asian medicines and many of these species are controlled in international trade. In fact, in

many cases such controls were partly as a result of demand for medicinal ingredients.

Examples include: horn from rhinoceros, musk pods from musk deer, bile salts from bears,

bones from tigers and leopards and stems from orchids.

CITESSome species used in traditional Asian medicines are regulated in trade under the Convention on

International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). CITES bans

certain species from commercial international trade (species in Appendix I), and regulates

international trade in other species (species in Appendices II and III). It also stipulates that all

goods labelled as containing any CITES species (such as patent traditional medicines), should

be treated in law as actually containing them, even if in fact they do not. Many countries that

have signed up to CITES (called Parties) have imposed strict measures to prohibit the production

and trade of medicines using endangered species. CITES has recognised that wild fauna and

flora are used in many forms of traditional medicines, and that their uncontrolled use has led to

endangered species coming under increasing threat because of this demand.

5

Left to right: TAM pharmacy, Indonesia © Stephanie Pendry/TRAFFIC; manufactured TAM on sale; rawingredients in TAM pharmacy; tiger bone plasters on sale in London © Crawford Allan/TRAFFIC

6

From left to right: Customs search of a TAM sea freight import; Police search of a medicine importer’swarehouse, © Crawford Allan/TRAFFIC International

To this effect a number of CITES Resolutions have been developed since 1994 when the real

significance of the issue was first brought to the attention of the meeting of the Conference of

the Parties to CITES (CoP). Resolution Conf. 9.6x (Rev.) was adopted at the ninth CoP in 1994,

recommending Parties to ensure that their national legislation effectively controls trade in all

parts and derivatives of species used for healing purposes and trade in medicinal products

containing or purporting to contain them. This was further strengthened by Resolution Conf.

10.19 (Rev. Cop12), adopted at the 10th CoP in 1997, which urged Parties to work closely with

traditional Asian medicine practitioners and consumers to develop awareness of the illegal use

of endangered species in this traditional medicine. The Resolution aimed to encourage the

strengthening and enforcement of legislation, to promote new techniques in the identification of

parts and derivatives used and to investigate the potential for substitute ingredients for endan-

gered species. At the 11th CoP in 2000, Document 11.56 provided an update on the recommen-

dations made to the Parties in Resolution Conf. 10.19. There have also been a number of CITES

Notifications to the Parties related to traditional Asian medicines. Notifications No. 1999/25

(animals) and No. 1999/26 (plants) contain lists of animal and plant species used in traditional

Asian medicines.

National ControlsSome countries wish to control the wildlife trade at the national as well as the international level,

and impose domestic measures. This provides a secondary level of control if medicines and raw

materials have entered a country evading import controls. The following gives examples of some

countries that have imposed national laws and regulations to control domestic trade in addition

to the implementation of CITES.

In May 1993, in response to international conservation concern about the threat to rhinoceroses

and tigers posed by the commercial trade, the State Council of the People’s Republic of China

issued a ban on trade in rhinoceros horn, tiger bone and their medicinal derivatives. This ban

included the removal of these items from the official pharmacopoeia of China, and the cessation

of all manufacture and commercial trade within China involving these ingredients.

In the USA, which has a significant expatriate East Asian community, the Rhino and Tiger

Product Labelling Act was passed in 1998. This legislation makes it illegal to sell any medicine

that lists rhinoceros or tiger as an ingredient on its label. Government regulatory agencies are no

longer required to prove that these medicines are imported illegally and genuinely contain the

ingredients they list on their labels.

In January 2000, the Japanese Government's Environment Agency announced an amendment to

Japan's Law for the Conservation of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, strengthening

restrictions on domestic trade in tiger parts and derivatives. Japan is a significant consumer of

Asian medicines and products, and up until this law was passed, products had been on open sale

and unregulated. This law closes that possibility. In addition, all species threatened by the medic-

inals trade are protected by national legislation in their range States. Despite all of these

measures, enforcement officers continue to encounter medicines labelled as containing parts of

endangered species that are not legal.

The International TradeThe commerce in raw ingredients and manufactured patent medicines that contain CITES

species is global, and legal and illegal shipments and domestic trade occur regularly

throughout the world. The widespread availability of traditional Asian medicines in

countries outside Asia is probably the combined result of numerous factors:-

the expansion of trade from Asia

the active promotion of medicinal exports from East Asia

the growing populations of East Asian descent or origin, including Chinese, Japanese,

Korean and Vietnamese, in countries around the world

the growing production and availability of literature about traditional Asian medicine

in many languages

the growth and interest in natural health products, particularly outside Asia

Medicines claiming to contain CITES Appendix I species are still found in sales outlets and

the commercial trade throughout the world, outside their original country of manufacture.

There is a regular international movement and sale of medicines and raw ingredients that

are not legal and do not have CITES permits.

7

8

FAKES AND FORENSICS

The trade in traditional Asian medicines includes large volumes of raw ingredients, particularly

plant materials such as roots and bark. Identification of the huge variety of materials is very

difficult, particularly when one sliced root looks, to the untrained eye, identical to any other.

Some priority raw ingredients are fairly easy to learn to identify by eye at least as a preliminary

measure, such as rhinoceros horn, tiger bone, musk deer pod, bear gallbladder, Saiga antelope

horn and marine turtle shell. But generally, enforcement officials should refer to experts or make

preliminary identification of raw ingredients based on information available that provides ingre-

dient names, such as on labels, invoices or packing boxes. The identification of raw ingredients

is made more problematic with the increasing trend towards production and trade in counterfeit

versions of particular products. Some products are very high value due to their scarcity and there

are significant volumes of fakes generated and traded, particularly in Asia. For evidential

purposes, for seizure or prosecution, it is sometimes necessary to be absolutely certain about the

species identity of a product or a raw material (depending upon national legislation). The only

way to be certain is to obtain an expert witness statement from a forensic scientist who has

examined or tested the product or part and has drawn conclusions about the true species identity.

This part of the guide will briefly explore these issues and offer some guidance on identifying

raw ingredients and fakes, and using forensic expertise.

Raw ingredients - where to startMost raw ingredients will be labelled in bags, boxes or jars if in shipments, warehouses or in

storerooms of pharmacies and retail outlets. The first step to identifying an ingredient is to

compare the Roman, pinyin and/or Chinese characters to the name list in this guide. It is a matter

of comparison and familiarisation with the characters and pinyin. If raw ingredients are not

labelled and not obviously of interest (such as an animal horn or bones), it is best to refer to an

expert or accept that identification is probably not possible.

If enforcers do wish to learn some basic identification skills for raw materials, it can sometimes

be useful to learn to identify the most common ingredients in trade that are not controlled species

but are typically found in most shipments or on sale in pharmacies etc. This allows the vast

majority of materials by volume to be dismissed quickly, while more time can spent focusing on

the materials that are uncertain. There are many reference books that describe and illustrate these

common ingredients, which are the staples of traditional Asian medicine prescriptions. Any

enforcer who frequently deals with large shipments of such medicines would be advised to take

this approach and obtain suitable reference books. A bibliography is provided at the end of this

guide.

This guide includes pictures of the typical raw forms in which the main controlled species

ingredients are commonly traded. These can be found in the section on identification of

raw ingredients.

9

AnimalsAnimal parts are generally easier to identify than plants but only if they have not been processed.

For example, many ingredients such as rhinoceros horn and elephant ivory are obvious if whole

but if they are processed into shavings or powder then it is impossible to identify them by eye.

For most processed material forensic analysis is probably the only option if the items are not

labelled. The types of animal parts to look out for are bones, horns, tusks, gallbladders, shells

and fur-covered glands (see section on fakes below). Identification beyond this level can only

really be undertaken by an expert in animal identification.

PlantsPlant parts are probably the most difficult to identify as they consist of pieces of dried roots,

barks, leaves, berries etc. at varying stages of processing, and can look fairly similar to one

another. It is not worthwhile for enforcers to learn to identify such raw materials unless they are

going to deal with such shipments or domestic trade on a regular basis. It is best to use experts

when packaging for raw materials is not labeled. Agarwood is one high-value commodity that

is more obviously identifiable, as it is usually traded as blocks of wood with fairly distinctive

characteristics, but sometimes as wood chips. It may be worthwhile being familiar with the

appearance of this species (see section on fakes below).

Fakes - raw ingredients commonly counterfeitedThose parts and derivatives that are of the highest value due to scarcity of supply and/or high

demand are subject to counterfeiting. Because the ingredients are not commonly in trade, it is

easier for counterfeiters to convince buyers that they are the genuine articles, as they are not

often seen. In fact, the fake ingredients are much more common, so much so that they may even

be recognized as being genuine by those less experienced in traditional Asian medicine. The

examples below are the main parts and derivatives that tend to be counterfeited, including a short

summary of the differences between the genuine and the fake.

TigerBone - any genuine bone of a tiger can be used in traditional Asian medicine but fake bones

tend only to represent the bones from limbs, as these are more valuable as they are deemed more

potent. Whole bone joints can be fashioned from a variety of species such as cow, or bones from

other species such as other big cats and bears are claimed to be

tiger. The humerus bone of big cats (front limbs, upper bone) has

a distinctive 'hole' at one end which in traditional Asian medicine

is called the 'phoenix eye'. This is used to distinguish it as being

genuine in trade. Fake paws and lower limbs produced from cow

limbs are commonly seen in trade in Asia, which include claws and fake fur with tiger stripes

painted onto them. Several tests on broken pieces or powdered tiger bone in trade have shown

only a small percentage to be genuine. More commonly, the bones are from domestic animals

such as cows and pigs, although other species such as bear and monkey have been detected.

Penis - the penis of a tiger is very rarely seen in trade but a wide variety of fakes are often

found, fashioned from a range of materials such as cow

penis, or deer tendon. The fakes tend to be large and

cleverly crafted with barbs cut into the tip to look like a cat

penis. The most obvious difference between the fake and

genuine items is size, with fakes being up to 50 cm long but

the genuine item is usually around 5 cm.

RhinocerosHorn - fake whole rhinoceros horns are crafted from buffalo horn, wood and even resin. Buffalo

horn tends to be smoother and slightly shiny with a less fibrous appearance on the surface and

the base does not have the same porous, sponge-like appearance as in rhinoceros horn. For

enforcement purposes, it is simply necessary for enforcers to be aware of the general appearance

of the types of real rhinoceros horns that exist (smaller rounded Asian horn, larger longer and

pointed African horns) to enable initial recognition. They also need to realize that any horns they

come across may be counterfeit and that expert identification is usually needed. Rhinoceros

horn can also be traded as shavings, pieces or powder and these are fairly easy to fake by using

other materials. Sometimes shavings from the horns of other species may be used such as

buffalo or Saiga antelope.

BearGallbladders - the gallbladders from pigs are frequently traded as bear gallbladder, and it is

estimated that at least half of all gallbladders traded are fakes. Gallbladders can be traded fresh,

frozen or dried but the dried form is more usual. Preserved bear gallbladders can vary widely in

colour (usually brown to black), and genuine gallbladders are sometimes the same colour as pig

gallbladders.

Musk deerMusk pods and grains - the genuine pod of a musk deer is walnut-sized and covered in fur

and when dried it contains red-brown to black granules and powder of musk. The pods and their

contents can be counterfeited by making pods from any fur and adding substances to resemble

the grains. The fake pods are often distinguishable because they are too large, up to the size of

a tennis ball. Genuine musk pods are also known to be often filled with fake grains. Pods are

normally dried but can be traded frozen.

AgarwoodThe wood is counterfeited by substituting other types of wood from

different species; sometimes it is stained to the appropriate rich brown

colour and soaked in chemical perfumes to resemble the scent of Agarwood.

The wood can be in the form of powder, chips, hand-sized pieces or short

pieces of timber. If the wood is very light brown or almost black it is more

likely to be fake and also if it has a strong chemical perfume smell, rather

than a more subtle natural scent.

10

11

Forensics - expert identification of raw ingredients and manufacturedproducts

Once an enforcer has flagged that there may be items within a shipment or at a pharmacy etc.

that could potentially include controlled species, they will need to refer to experts for positive

identification. The main types of centres of expertise are listed below:

Wildlife forensic laboratories Government laboratories

Commercial forensic laboratories Universities

Natural history museums Zoos

Botanic gardens Veterinarians

Conservation organisations Recognised experts and academics

If the items are whole parts then it is relatively simple for an expert to identify the specimen:

usually a natural history museum, botanic garden or university would be most appropriate.

Identification may involve simple morphological studies or microscopic examination. Once a

specimen has been processed to any degree, identification becomes more difficult. If ingredients

have been highly processed and mixed with other ingredients, only sophisticated forensic

techniques can hope to provide a definitive answer that will be acceptable in court. Typically,

the contents of manufactured traditional medicines are very difficult to determine because of the

methods of manufacture and the large range of ingredients that may be mixed together. Often

DNA identification techniques are the only solution but even these methods are not always

conclusive. Other forensic techniques are also available for determining whether particular

species are contained within medicines, such as thin layer chromatography. Under CITES it is

not necessary to prove whether the species is actually contained within a processed medicine, if

the ingredients of the medicine claim to contain it. However, in some countries domestic laws

may require that it is proven to genuinely contain the species claimed, if a successful conviction

is to be achieved. More significant penalties for offences are also more likely to be applied if it

can be proven that endangered species are being traded.

There are a number of tests that can be applied. Thin layer chromatography has proved

successful in identifying bear gallbladder, bile, musk, cobra bile and agarwood. The costs, relia-

bility and speed of testing vary greatly between different tests, laboratories and countries. Often

this is dependent on the nature of the sample. Some techniques are commonly available in most

laboratories, yet some are only possible in the few that have perfected the test. A hydroxyl

appetite test can be used to determine the presence of bone, which has been used to indicate the

presence of tiger or leopard bone but this is not conclusive.

12

Identification based on name systems: common, scientific, Chinese characters, Pinyin and Roman

The two pages that follow lists the most common words used to describe animal and plant parts in English, followed by the Chinese character, Pinyin andRoman. Pinyin is the phonetic sound of the Chinese words, and Roman is the pharmaceutical name given to the ingredients. Both Pinyin and Roman areoften used on medicinal packaging as well as Chinese characters. Following these pages, the next 3 pages list the most commonly found species and theforms in which they appear in medicinal products, and gives the common name, scientific name, Chinese characters, Pinyin and Roman equivalents andspecies CITES Appendix and EU Annex listing. ( see page A1 )

16

NC means not controlled (ie it is not on CITES Appendix or EU Annex)

The most up to date listings for the CITES Appendices and the EU Annexes can be found at www.cites.org and www.unep-wcmc.org

NAMESFORMS / PHYSICALCHARACTERISTICS

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION CITES APPENDIX / EU ANNEX

Common: bear - Malayan sun, sloth, spec-tacled, Himalayan brown, Asiatic black,American black, American brownScientific: Helarctos malayanus, Melursusursinus, Tremarctos ornatus, Ursus arctosisabellinus, U. thibetanus, U. americanus,U. arctos Pharmaceutical: fel ursi

Common: musk deer - dwarf, black,Siberian, HimalayanScientific: Moschus berezovskii, M. fus-cus, M. moschiferus, M. chrysogasterPharmaceutical: moschus

Common: pangolin - Indian, giant,Malayan, Chinese, Cape, black-bellied,treeScientific: Manis crassicaudata, M. gigan-tea, M. javanica, M. pentadactyla, M. tem-minkii, M. tetradactyla, M. tricuspisPharmaceutical: squama manitis

Common: rhinoceros - white, black,Sumatran, Javan, great IndianScientific: Ceratotherium simum simum,Diceros bicornis, Dicerorhinus sumatren-sis, Rhinoceros sondaicus, R. unicornisPharmaceutical: cornu rhinoceri

Common: saiga antelopeScientific: Saiga tataricaPharmaceutical: cornu saigae tataricae

bile, gallbladder

musk pod, musk

scales

horn, powdered horn

horn, shavings

Central Asia, southeastAsia, Indochina, southAmerica, north America

Indochina, east Asia

Asia, Africa

central, east and southernAfrica, southeast Asia,Indochina

Kazakhstan, Mongolia,Russian Federation,Turkmenistan

Appendix I and II / Annex A and BAmerican black bear is listed on Appendix II /Annex B. Brown bear has a split listing - theAmerican brown bear is on Appendix II / AnnexB, and the European populations of brown bearare on Appendix I / Annex A.

Appendix I / Annex A (Afghanistan, Bhutan,India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan)Appendix II / Annex B (China)

Appendix II / Annex B

Appendix I / Annex ASouth Africa’s population is listed on AppendixII / Annex B, but only for live specimens, toappropriate and acceptable destinations, andfor hunting trophies


A

B

C

D

E

Identification of raw ingre d i e n t s 17

CBA

ED


NAMESFORMS / PHYSICALCHARACTERISTICS


Common: seahorseScientific: Hippocampus spp.Pharmaceutical: hippocampus

Common: TigerScientific: Panthera tigrisPharmaceutical: os tigris

Common: sea turtleScientific: Eretmochelys imbricata, Pharmaceutical: carapax eretmochelydis

whole, usually dried, some-times bleached

mainly bone or powdered bonebut all other parts (penis,meat etc) may be used

shell, shell pieces

Atlantic ocean, black sea,Indian ocean,Mediterranean, Pacificocean

Asia

Nesting on beaches oftropical, subtropical andtemperate seas, Atlanticocean, Caribbean, Indianocean, Pacific ocean,Mediterranean


Appendix I / Annex A

Appendix I / Annex A

A

B

C


C

BA


NAMES FORMS / PHYSICALCHARACTERISTICS


Common: gastrodia, gas-trodia rhizome, gastrodiatuberScientific: Gastrodia elataPharmaceutical: gastrodi-ae rhizoma, rhizoma gas-trodiae elatae

Root stock oval to oblong, somewhat flattened,often curved, 3-15 cm long, 1.5-6 cm wide and0.5-2cm thick, hard, horny and not easily bro-ken. Exterior yellowish white to grey-brown,strongly longitudinally wrinkled due to shrink-age. Cut drug is extremely fine, light, almostsemi translucent, only 1-3mm thick slices ofrootstocks. Pale to light brown on which vascu-lar bundles appear as speckles or short streaks.Weak odour.

From Himalayas throughChina to Japan and Koreaand northwards to Russianfar east.

Appendix II / Annex BAll species of Gastrodia are II/ BIncludes subfamilies Apostasioideae andCypripedioideae. Designates all parts and derivates,except: a) seeds and pollen (including pollinia); b)seedling or tissue cultures obtained in vitro, in solid orliquid media transported in sterile containers; c) cutflowers of artificially propagated plants; and d) fruitsand parts and derivatives thereof of artificially propa-gated plants of the genus Va n i l l a .

Common: agarwood, aloewood, eagle wood, gaharuwood, paradise woodScientific: Aquilaria malac-censisPharmaceutical: aquilariaelignum, lignum agallochi,lignum aloes, lignumaspalathi, agar, aggar,uggor

Common: Indian gentian,picorhiza rhizomeScientific: Picrorhiza kur-rooaPharmaceutical:picrorhizae rhizoma,picrorhiza

Wood pieces irregularly shaped, prone to split-ting, with uneven surface, knife marks andsometimes signs of rotting. Fractures or cut sur-face strongly fibrous. Colour varies from yellow-brown to brown to dark depending on resin level.Darker lines and spots on section surfaces markthe resinous areas filled with amber coloured toblack shining resin. Resin ignites easily andexudes oil when burning. Wood pieces rich inresin (ie no light wood parts lacking resin) aredark, almost black, hard, heavy and sink inwater. Odour weak at room temperature, strong-ly aromatic when burning.

Rootstock cut or broken into pieces, mainly withoutrootlets, fragments cylindrical, light weighted,straight or slightly bent, mainly unbranched, 2-8c cmlong and 4-10 mm thick, light grey to dark greybrown, longitudinally wrinkled, irregularly thick, high-ly inflammable. Surface with scars of numerousscaly leaves and roots. Odour pleasant, slightly aro-matic.

Bangladesh, Bhutan,Cambodia, India,Indonesia, Lao PDR,Malaysia, Myanmar,Philippines, Singapore,Thailand.

Western Himalayas, alti-tudes of 2500-4000 m,from Afghanistan to thesouthernmost part ofChina.

Appendix II / Annex BDesignates all parts and derivatives except: a)seeds, spores and pollen (including pollinia); b)seedling or tissue cultures obtained in vitro, insolid or liquid media transported in sterile con-tainers; and c) cut flowers of artificially propa-gated plants [added 18 September 1997]

Appendix II / Annex BDesignates whole and and sliced roots andparts of roots, excluding manufactured parts orderivatives such as powders, pills, extracts,tonics, teas and confectionery

A

B

C

D

E

F


CBA

D FE




Common: Common bletil-la, bletilla tuber, bletilla rhi-zomeScientific: Bletilla striataPharmaceutical: bletillaerhizoma, tubera bletillae,bletillae tuba, rhizomabletillae

Common: Dog fern, gold-en moss, Scythian lamb,chain fern rhizome, cibotrhizomeScientific: CibotiumbarometzPharmaceutical: cibotii rhi-zoma, cibotii barometz rhi-zoma

Common: dendrobiumScientific: Dendrobiumspp.Pharmaceutical: dendrobi-um caulis, dendrobii herba

Tuber irregularly shaped, often with 2-3 claw-shaped branches, hardy, horny, does not breake a s i l y, 1.5-5 cm long and 0.5-1.5 cm thick, toppresents a prominent shoot scar. Surface withseveral concentric lines, mainly grey-white, yel-lowish white to pale brown, with small brown dot-ted root scars, sometimes with remainings ofroots. Cut drug is thin, up to 5mm thick, irregular-ly shaped, often semi translucent slices of roottuber, cut surface white or pale yellow, with visi-ble vascular bundles, seen as longitudinalstripes or white dots depending on the cut. Faintodour.

Pieces irregular 10-30 cm long and 2-10 cm indiameter, hard, solid, not easy to break, surfacedark brown with thick dense golden yellow vel-vety hairs. Cut drug 1.5-20mm thick, irregularlyshaped and sized, external surface often withremains of the velvety hair covering. Pieces brit-tle, easy to break, fracture powdery. Cut surfacelight brown to black brown, flat, smooth.Scentless.

Stem pieces, if not cut, 15-120 cm long, oftenbent, with several stems branching from onerootstock, root attachments visible. Stems mainlycut into 4-10 cm long pieces, straight or slightlycurved, supple, without leaves, easy to breakand then a loose fibrous interior is revealed.Surface golden yellow - green, to dark yellow,shining, longitudinally grooved. Cut stems areribbed and therefore star shaped in outline.Odourless to weak.

China (from east Tibet andGansu in the east andYunnan and Jiangzi in thesouth) through theRepublic of Korea to southof Japan.

From North India throughsouth China to Japan andto the south east throughVietnam and Thailand toPapua New Guinea.

From India and Sri Lankaeastwards to Japan and insouth east Asia throughMalaysia, Indonesia,Papua New Guinea toAustralia and through thePacific islands to NewZealand.

Appendix II / Annex BAll species of Bletilla are II / B


Appendix II / Annex BD. cruentum is on Appendix I / Annex A, allother species are II / B

A

B

C

D

E

F


CBA

FED




Common: Himalayanspikenard, Indian nard,Indian valerian, jatamansiroot, musk rootScientific: NardostachysgrandifloraPharmaceutical: nar-dostachys jatamansi rhi-zoma, radix nardostachys,spica nardi, nardus indica

Common:Chinese /Korean / Asian ginsengScientific: Panax ginsengPharmaceutical: ginsengradix

Common: American gin-seng, Canadian ginseng,dwarf groundnut, five fin-gers, manroot, red berry,five-leaved panax root,Scientific: Panax quinque-foliusPharmaceutical: panacisquinquefolii radix, araliaquinquefolia

Rootstocks oblong, straight or slightly bent, 1-15cm long, as thick as a finger, covered with adense layer of fine, dark grey to grey-brownfibres. Rootstock at tip sometimes with leafremains, inside reddish brown, rootstocks main-ly whole. Odour aromatic.

Asian ginseng: show many more lateral roots.Russian wild roots are recognisable since mainand lateral roots are wrapped with a thin string.

American ginseng: Roots cylindrical or spindleshaped 5-20 cm long, 0.5-3 cm thick at the top,tapering towards the bottom and often bent,from mid section sometimes repeatedly dividedinto root branches, very hard, brittle and noteasily broken. Root scars and stem scars pre-sent. External surface wrinkled. Weakly aromat-ic.

Himalayas, in the westfrom Uttar Pradesh innorth west India eastwardsthrough Nepal, Bhutan tothe northeast of Myanmarand to China in theprovinces Yunnan,Sichuan and Kansu as wellas northwards into Tibet.

Asian ginseng: NortheastChina, DPR Korea, south-east of Russian Far East

American ginseng: east ofNorth America, in Canadafrom south Quebec andOntario to Manitoba, in theUSA in the south toGeorgia and Alabama andeastwards to Minnesota,Iowa, Missouri, Oklahomaand Louisiana.

Appendix II / Annex BIncludes parts and derivatives except: a)Designates whole and and sliced roots andparts of roots, excluding manufactured parts orderivatives such as powders, pills, extracts,tonics, teas and confectionery

Appendix II / Annex BAsian ginseng: Population of the RussianFederation; parts and derivatives to be cov-ered; whole and sliced roots and parts of roots,excluding manufactured parts or derivativessuch as powders, pills, extracts, tonics, teasand confectionary

Appendix II / Annex BAmerican ginseng: designates whole and andsliced roots and parts of roots, excluding manu-factured parts or derivatives such as powders,pills, extracts, tonics, teas and confectionery

A

B

C

D

E

F


CBA

FED




Appendix II / Annex B Design all parts and derivatives, except: a)seeds and pollen; b) seedling or tissue culturesobtained in vitro, in solid or liquid media, trans-ported in sterile containers; c) cut flowers ofartificially propagated plants; and d) chemicalderivatives and finished pharmaceutical prod-ucts.

Common: snakewood,serpentwood, serpentineroot, rauwolfia root, ser-pentine wood, snake root,devil pepperScientific: Rauvolfia ser-pentinaPharmaceutical: rauwolfi-ae radix, lignum ser-pentinum, radix mustelae,rauwolfia serpentina

Common: saussurea root,aucklandia, costusScientific: SaussureacostusPharmaceutical:saussureae radix, radixcostus, aucklandiae radix,radix aucklandiae lappae

Common: Himalayan yewScientific:Taxus wallichianaPharmaceutical: taxi foli-um, folia taxi

Roots cylindrical, somewhat tortuous or bent, rarelybranched, 4-10 cm long, 5-15 mm diameter. Smalllateral rootlets lacking, external surface grey to yel-lowish brown, dully, weakly longitudinally wrinkled,rough, with few small circular root scars in 4 rows.Older roots yellowish white when abraded. Rootshighly inflammable, fractures short and irregular.Fresh transverse section whitish to bright yellowturning grey brown with dense fine pored rootwood.Roots rich in starch, provable by colour reactionwith alcoholic or aqueous iodine-potassium iodidesolution. Odourless.

Root pieces irregularly shaped, mainly 5-10 cmlong and 0.5-6 cm thick, strong, hard and firm, thickpieces hardly breakable, external surface grey todark brown, dull. Thinner roots also longitudinallygrooved, lateral roots mainly lacking. Pieces oftensplit longitudinally revealing whitish yellow to darkbrown root wood. Roots sliced transversely or longi-t u d i n a l l y. In transverse section root clearly dividedinto 3 parts, root bark very thin, layer below bark islight brown delimitated by a dark circular marking,inner part light brown, yellowish to white, radiallystriped. Odour very characteristic, strong, unpleas-a n t .

Bark reddish brown, thin, scaly, twigs irregularlyalternate, leaves spirally arranged (needles) flat-tened, leathery, 20-40 mm long and 2-3 mm wide,gradually tapering. Upper surface domed, darkgreenish, shiny, with distinct midrib, lower surfacemainly paler. Buds at the ends of twigs and in theaxis of the needles 3-4 mm long. Bud scales ovoidto rounded, strongly appressed. CAUTION: thisdrug is toxic.

From Pakistan through theHimalayas to southeastChina, in India fromHimalayas disjunct to SriLanka and the AndamanIslands, as well as insoutheast Asia to Sumatra,Borneo and Java.

Himalayas, from Pakistanthrough Kashmir toGarhwal in north India

From Afghanistan andPakistan through theHimalayas to southwestTibet and in southeast Asiato Indonesia and thePhilippines.

Appendix II / Annex BDesignates all parts and derivatives except: a)seeds and pollen; b) seedling or tissue culturesobtained _in vitro_, in solid or liquid mediatransported in sterile containers; and c) cutflowers of artificially propagated plants [added18 September 1997] and d) chemical deriva-tives and finished pharmaceutical products

Appendix I / Annex AAll parts and derivatives are controlled.Under the current CITES provision, cultivatedsaussurea root imported or exported with aCITES permit can be traded as if an AppendixII species.

A

B

C

D

E

F


CBA

FED


29

The medicines detailed here have been divided into sections by product type, as described in the

section 'How to use this guide'. Each image corresponds to descriptive text referred to in the

associated table on the opposite page referenced by a letter. The information contained in each

column is described below. Note that the spelling of the product name and manufacturer are as

printed on the packaging, including what appear to be spelling errors.

Column title InformationProduct Name The traditional or manufacturer's name for the medicine as indicated on the

packaging

Manufacturer The name of the manufacturing company and the country of manufacture

Ingredients The target species products that are listed in the ingredients or depicted on the

packaging. Where an ingredient is listed within brackets e.g. (tiger) this

indicates that the species product is not listed in the ingredients but appears

elsewhere on the packaging, either as text or an image

Notes Other significant information relating to that medicine, including its unique

reference number if present, and its similarity to another product

IDENTIFICATION OF PATENT MEDICINES:

PACKAGING AND DESCRIPTION

PLASTERS

CAPSULES / PILLS

MEDICINE BALLS

RESIN BLOCKS

POWDERS

LIQUIDS

MISCELLANEOUS

PLASTERS Plasters Index 1

A

Anti-Contusion Rheumatism PlasterAnti-Rheumatic Plaster

B

Bone-Strengthened Musk PlasterBritenderm

D

Die Da Feng Shi Gao

F

Felursa Plaster

H

Hai Ma Shu Huo GaoHai Ma Shu Huo GaoHeiBaoXiongDanZhiLingGaoHu Tou SheXiang Zhuang Gu GaoHua Tuo Anti-Contusion Rheumatism PlasterHua Tuo Anti-Rheumatism PlasterHuGuSheXiangHuGuSheXiangHuGuSheXiang

I

Inflammation Analgesia Plaster

J

Ji Gong Musk Plaster (plus Psuedoginseng Tiger-Bone)

K

Konsodona Analgesic PlasterKou Pi Plaster

1.211.28

1.21.20

1.12

1.26

1.111.141.251.71.231.231.11.11.1

1.29

1.13

1.161.26

CD

BD

E

D

GGFAFEABC

E

E

AE

L

Li Shih Chen Rheumatism Plaster

M

Man Ying Guci KaoMoschus Analgestic PlasterMoschus Notoginseng Hu Ku Zhui Feng GaoMoschus Rheumatic Osteo-Arthritis PlasterMoschus Root of Notoginseng Analgesic PlasterMoschus Zhui Feng GaoMusk & Dogskin PlasterMusk & Snowlotus Analgesic PlasterMusk & Strong Bone PlasterMusk & Tiger-Bone Analgesic PlasterMusk & Tiger-Bone Analgesic PlasterMusk & Tiger-Bone PlasterMusk & Tiger-Bone PlasterMusk & Tiger-Bone PlasterMusk & Tiger-Bone PlasterMusk & Zhuan-Bone Analgesic PlasterMusk Analgesic Plaster for SprainsMusk and Strong PlasterMusk and Strong PlasterMusk and Tiger-Bone PlasterMusk and Tiger-Bone PlasterMusk and Tiger-Bone PlasterMusk and Tiger-Bone PlasterMusk and Tiger-Bone PlasterMusk and Tiger-Bone PlasterMusk and Tiger-Bone PlasterMusk and Tiger-Bone PlasterMusk Bone-Roborant PlasterMusk Bone-Strengthening PlasterMusk Bone-Strengthening PlasterMusk Bone-strengthening PlasterMusk Medicated PlasterMusk Medicated PlasterMusk Medicated PlasterMusk Pain Relief PlasterMusk Pain Relief PlasterMusk Pain-Killing Plaster (SheXiangZhiTongGao)Musk Pain-Relieving PlasterMusk Pain-relieving Plaster

1.24

1.291.111.81.271.301.201.261.291.141.161.161.61.61.71.71.101.41.81.81.11.11.31.31.41.41.41.61.111.11.141.251.121.121.131.71.141.61.21.10

A

ADDCAEFCCBCAHFGEAGHFGADBCGDAEFCBCAHBCGG

Product name Page(s) L e t t e r ( s ) Product name Page(s) L e t t e r ( s )


Musk Pain-Relieving PlasterMusk Pheumatism-Expelling PlastersMusk Plaster for Relieving Pain (SheXiangZhitongTieGao)Musk Plaster for Relieving Pain (SheXiangZhiTongTieGao)Musk Rheumatic PlasterMusk Rheumatic PlasterMusk Rheumatic PlasterMusk Rheumatism Expelling PlastersMusk Rheumatism PlasterMusk Strength-Bone PlasterMusk Strengthen Bone PlasterMusk Strengthening Bone Plaster (SheXiangZhuangGuGao)Musk Tian Qi Tiger Bone Analgesic PlasterMusk Tian Qi Tiger Bone Analgesic PlasterMusk Tian Qi Tiger Bone Analgesic PlasterMusk Tiger-Bone Analgesic PlasterMusk Tiger-Bone PlasterMusk-Tiger Bone PlasterMusk-Tiger Bone Plaster

N

Natural Deer Musk and Tiger Bone Paste (Tian Ran SheXiang Hu Gu Gao)Natural Deer Musk and Tiger Bone Plaster (Tian Ran SheXiang Hu Gu Gao)Natural Musk & Tiger Bone Plaster for Sprain RheumatismNatural Musk & Tiger-Bone PlasterNatural Musk & Tiger-Bone PlasterNatural Musk & Tiger-Bone PlasterNatural Musk and Tiger Bone Plaster Natural Musk Bone-Roborant PlasteaNatural Musk Plaster for Bone strenghthingNatural Musk Plaster for Bone Strengthing (Natural) Musk Plaster for Bone StrengtheningNatural Musk Tiger-Bone Plaster

P

Pazepton - A Golden TigerPien Tze HuangPlaster of Musk Stronging Skeleton Sp

S

Shang Shi Bao Zhen GaoShangfu Analgesic Plaster

1.131.261.61.61.241.261.261.281.241.301.191.91.181.181.191.211.81.171.18

1.25

1.2

1.281.81.101.251.171.111.231.231.231.17

1.81.271.9

1.141.20

GCBEFABCDBCDEFAAAAB

B

F

AFHABBBCDC

BFA

EA

Shangshi Bao Zhen GaoShangShiQuTongGaoShe Xiang Hu Gu GaoShe Xiang Hu Gu GaoShe Xiang Hu Gu GaoShe Xiang Hu Gu GaoShe Xiang Hu Gu GaoShe Xiang Hu Gu Gao (Musk and Tiger Bone Plaster)She Xiang Hugu GaoShe Xiang Zhen Tong GaoShe Xiang Zhen Tong GaoShe Xiang Zhen Tong GaoShe Xiang Zhen Tong Gao (Moschus Analgesic Plaster)She Xiang Zhuang Gu GaoShe Xiang Zhuang Gu GaoShe Xiang Zhuang Gu GaoShe Xiang Zhuang Gu GaoShe Xiang Zhuang Gu GaoShe Xiang Zhuang Gu GaoShe Xiang Zhuang Gu GaoShe Xiang Zhuang Gu GaoShe Xiang Zhuang Gu GaoShe Xiang Zhuang Gu GaoShe Xiang Zhuang Gu GaoShe X'iang Zhuang Gu GaoShe Xiang Zhuang Gu Gao is printed inside the packagingShe Xiang Zhuang Gu Gao (Musk Strengthen Bone Plaster)She Xiang ZhuangGuGaoShenbo Musk-Radix Notoginseng Traumatic & Rheumatic PlasterShenma Jing Zhi Hai Ma Zhuei Feng GaoSheXiangShexiangShexiangSheXiang GuanJie ZhitongGaoSheXiang Guanjin ZhitonggaoSheXiang HuGu GaoShexiang HuguaoSheXiang HuGuaoSheXiang HuGuGaoSheXiang Jietong GaoSheXiang JieTongGaoSheXiang ShangShiGaoSheXiang Zhi Tong GaoSheXiang Zhen Tong GaoSheXiang Zhen Tong GaoShexiang Zhen Tong GaoShexiang Zhitong Tiegao

1.281.291.21.21.31.191.201.41.31.51.291.291.111.31.71.101.121.141.151.171.171.171.251.251.131.41.191.131.281.271.11.71.81.241.241.141.71.71.191.281.211.221.61.211.221.231.4

EBEHFECGGBDFDCEFADADEFDEDHCFBADDCBCHBCBFDCCFDAE


Shexiang Zhitong TiegaoShexiang Zhitong TieGaoShexiang Zhitong TieGaoSheXiang Zhuang GuGaoShexiang Zhuanggu GaoShexiang Zhuanggu Gao Shexiang Zhuanggu Gao SheXiang ZhuangGuGaoSheXiang ZhuangGuGaoSheXiang Zhuifeng GaoSheXiangHuGuGaoSheXiangZhenTongGaoSheXiangZhenTongGaoSheXiangZhuangGu GaoSheXiangZhuangGuGaoSheXiangZhuangGuGaoSheXiangZhuangGuGaoSheXiangZhuangGuGaoStrengthen Bone Moschus Analgestic PlasterStrong Moschus Hu Ku GaoStrong Plaster for Sprain

T

Tapel Ratus ITe Zhi GouPiGaoTianhe - Strong Transdermal delivery adhesive patchTianhe - The New Medicine from ChinaTianhe Rheumatism Expelling PlastersTian Ran She Xiang Hu Gu GaoTian Ran She Xiang Hu Gu GaoTianWangSheXiangTianWangSheXiangTianWangSheXiangTiger Bone & Five Snakes Medicine Patch for Catagamatic &RheumatismTiger Bone Rheumatism PlasterTigris Bone Rheumatism PlasterTinlioti Analgesic Plaster

X

Xie Xian Zhuang Gu Gao (Musk Bone-Strengthening Plaster)

Z

Zhuanggu Shexiang Zhitong Gao

1.41.61.61.141.31.111.211.221.221.121.51.221.221.11.91.91.91.151.101.181.18

1.131.111.121.121.121.21.251.91.91.101.19

1.131.131.8

1.9

1.5

FBEABHEABDDEFHBCDBDDC

HEGHFFBGHBF

BCE

E

H

Zhuanggu SheXiang ZhiTongGaoZhuangGuSheXiangZhuangGuSheXiangZhiTongGaoZhuangu Shexiang Zhitong Gao (Strengthen Bone MoschusAnalgestic Plaster)Zuanggu & Musk Analgesic PlasterZuanggu SheXiang Zhitonggao

1.51.101.101.10

1.211.5

FCAD

BG

PLASTERS Plasters 1.1

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

PRODUCT NAME MANUFACTURER INGREDIENTS NOTES

HuGuSheXiang

HuGuSheXiang

HuGuSheXiang

SheXiang

Musk Bone-Strengthening Plaster

Musk and Tiger-BonePlaster


SheXiangZhuangGuGao

China Chongquing Traditional MedicineFactory, China



Chongqing China Changshou Medicine-Factory

The Tai Yang Dao Pharmaceutical Factoryof Harbin, China



Not written in English on the packaging

Tiger bone, Musk 1 2 3

Musk, Tiger bone 1 3


Musk, Leopard bone 1 3

Musk, Tiger bone, Leopardbone 1 3



Musk, Leopard bone 3

RAT:(91)8323"Guo Guang" trademark.

RAT:(91)-8323"Guo Guang" trademark.


RAT:(1997)005711"Hu Tou" brand.

RAT:(1987)114

RAT:(1987)114

RAT:(1987)114The headings on the back of the package arenow shown in red.

RAT:ZZ-4249(1987)200114"Shiyitang" brand.

D

H

C

G

B

FE

PLASTERS

A

Plasters 1.1


A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H







Medical Hygienic Material Factory ofHuangshi, China


Chu Tian Pharmaceutical Factory ofSuizhou, China

Product name only inChinese characters

Bone-StrengthenedMusk Plaster



She Xiang Hu Gu Gao

Natural Deer Musk andTiger Bone Plaster( Tian Ran She Xiang Hu Gu Gao )

Musk Pain-RelievingPlaster

She Xiang Hu Gu Gao

Leopard bone, Musk 3

Musk, Leopard bone 1 2 3


Musk 3


Musk, Tiger bone, Leopardbone

Musk 1 3

Musk, Tiger bone

RAT:ZZ-4249-(1993)000368

RAT:ZZ-4249(1993)000368

RAT:(92)B9-023

RAT:(82)136

RAT:(82)136"Yan Wu" trademark.

RAT:ZZ-3654(1996)061202

RAT:(87)221"Chu Tian" trademark.

D

H

C

G

B

FE

PLASTERS

A

Plasters 1.2


A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H



Shexiang Zhuanggu Gao

She Xiang Zhuang GuGao



She Xiang Hu Gu Gao

She Xiang Hugu Gao


Changzhen Pharmaceutical Factory,China



Changzhen Pharmaceutical Factory,China


Medical Hygienic Material HeadquarterFactory of Xiangxi, China

Tian Jin Tong Ren Tang Zhi Yao Chang,China

Peking Health Products Company, China

Musk, Tiger bone, Leopardbone 1 2 3 ( leopard bone only 1 3 )

Leopard bone 1 3 , Musk 2 3




Musk, Tiger bone,

Musk, Tiger bone,

Musk, Tiger 3

RAT:(85)138

RAT:ZZ-4929(1994)000004

RAT:ZZ-4249(1994)000004

RAT:(85)-138

RAT:ZZ-4249-(1997)501130

RAT:(1993)77-011"Ren Min" trademark.

RAT:(1991)0713"Tai Yang" trademark.

Tiger mentioned on packaging but not iningredients

D

H

C

G

B

FE

PLASTERS

A

Plasters 1.3


A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H


Musk Analgesic Plasterfor Sprains




Shexiang ZhitongTiegao

Shexiang ZhitongTiegao

She Xiang Hu Gu Gao(Musk and Tiger Bone Plaster)

Product name only inChinese characters (She

Xiang Zhuang Gu Gao is printed

inside the packaging)

Kwangchow Pharmaceutical Industry Co,China

Shanshi Health Material Factory, China

Shanshi Health Material Factory, China


Guangdong Weida Group PharmaceuticalFactory, China

Guangdong Yuewei Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd., China

Chu Zhou Pharmaceutical Factory, China


Musk 3




Musk 1 3

Musk

Musk, Tiger bone


RAT:(89)-9

RAT:(89) 9"Jin Feng" brand.

RAT:ZZ-4249(1996)117010"League" brand.

RAT:(1996)319001Patent number: 96 3 0 3670X.

RAT:Z44020466"Tiger" brand

RAT:(91)0610-3

RAT:ZZ-4249(1993)000375

D

H

C

G

B

FE

PLASTERS

A

Plasters 1.4


A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H



She Xiang Zhen TongGao


SheXiangHuGuGao


Zhuanggu SheXiang ZhiTongGao

Zuanggu SheXiangZhitonggao

Zhuanggu ShexiangZhitong Gao





Medical Hygienic Material Factory ofJinan, China

Not written in English on the packaging,China

Henan Lingrui Pharmaceutical Co Ltd,China

Henan Lingrui Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd.


Musk 3

Musk 3





Leopard bone, Musk

RAT:ZZ-4249(1994)000058

RAT:ZZ-3654(1985)000042

RAT:ZZ-3654(1985)000042

RAT:(82)136

RAT:(91)2102-1"Bai Quan Pai" trademark.

RAT:ZZ-4670(1996)14600"Lingrui" brand.

RAT:ZZ-4670(1996)146007

RAT:Z41020300"Ling Rui" trademark.

D

H

C

G

B

FE

PLASTERS

A

Plasters 1.5


A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H


Musk & Tiger-BonePlaster

Musk Plaster forRelieving Pain(SheXiangZhitongTieGao)

Musk Pain-KillingPlaster(SheXiangZhiTongGao)


Musk Plaster forRelieving Pain(SheXiangZhiTongTieGao)




Liaohe Pharmaceutical Factory, China




Jin Feng Pharmaceuticals Ltd. of Jingsha,China


Dalian Fanmei Pharmaceutical Co Ltd

Shen Yang Traditional Chinese MedicineWorks, China


Musk 1 3

Musk

Musk, Tiger bone, Leopardbone 1 2 3 (leopard bone 2 3)

Musk

Musk, Tiger bone, Leopardbone 3

Musk 3

Musk, Tiger bone,

RAT:(85)1447-14

RAT:(93-289)"Jin Feng" brand.



RAT:(1993)000289"Jin Feng" brand.

RAT:(84)1447-56

RAT:(1996)800136

RAT:(88)1447-22

D

H

C

G

B

FE

PLASTERS

A

Plasters 1.6


A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H


Hu Tou SheXiang Zhuang Gu Gao

Shexiang Huguao

SheXiang HuGuao

Shexiang




Musk Pain ReliefPlaster

Chingqing China Changshou MedicineFactory, China



Chang Shou Medicine Factory, China


Dong Ling Pharmaceutical Factory ShenYang, China

Dongling Pharmaceutical Factory ofShenyang, China







Musk, Tiger bone,

Musk, Tiger bone

Musk 1 3

RAT:ZZ-4249(1997)005711

RAT:(1997)005711

RAT:(1996)800302

RAT:(90)1447-128

RAT:(90)1447-128"JD" trademark.

"White Plume" brand.

D

H

C

G

B

FE

PLASTERS

A

Plasters 1.7


A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H


Musk Tiger-BonePlaster

Pazepton - A GoldenTiger

Shexiang

Moschus NotoginsengHu Ku Zhui Feng Gao

Tinlioti AnalgesicPlaster

Natural Musk & Tiger-Bone Plaster

Musk and StrongPlaster

Musk and StrongPlaster



Chongqing Changshou Making MedicineFactory Co Ltd, China

Peking Medicine Manufactory, China


Beijing Public Health of MedicinesFactory, China


Medical Hygienic Material Factory ofPingjaing, China


Tiger 1

Leopard bone, Musk 1 3

Musk 1 2 3

Not controlled



Musk, Leopard bone

Details obtained only from the photograph ofthe product.

Tiger mentioned in the product name.

"Hu Tou" trademark.

Tiger bone mentioned in the product name(Chinese characters and pinyin) but not listedin the ingredients

Picture of tiger on packaging but not listed inthe ingredients.

RAT:(85)198

RAT:(1987)032032

RAT:(1991)32-304"Jin Shou" trademark.

D

H

C

G

B

FE

PLASTERS

A

Plasters 1.8


A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H


Plaster of MuskStronging Skeleton Sp

S h e X i a n g Z h u a n g G u G a o


Musk StrengtheningBone Plaster (SheXiangZhuangGuGao)

Xie Xian Zhuang GuGao (Musk Bone-

Strengthening Plaster)


TianWangSheXiang

TianWangSheXiang

Hangzhou Rende Medicine Co Ltd, China



Jin Feng Pharmaceuticals Ltd of Jingsha,China

Yun Nan Meng Sheng Zhi Yao Chang,China



Chongqing Traditional Medicine, China




Musk, Leopard bone

Musk, Leopard bone

Musk 3

Tiger bone, Musk 1 2 3

Musk,Leopard bone 1 2 3

RAT:(1996)061702

RAT:(1996)061703Other ref: WS3-B-1668-93.

RAT:(1993)0617-3Other ref: DB33/WS-1024-89-93.

RAT:(95)108Z-2488"Meng Sheng".

ZZ-4249(1998)0128



D

H

C

G

B

FE

PLASTERS

A

Plasters 1.9


A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H


ZhuangGuSheXiangZhiTongGao

TianWangSheXiang

ZhuangGuSheXiang

Zhuangu ShexiangZhitong Gao ( S t r e n g t h e n

Bone Moschus Analgestic Plaster)

Musk & Zhuan-BoneAnalgesic Plaster


Musk Pain-relievingPlaster


Chongqing Hil'An Pharmaceutical Co Ltd,China

Chongqing Tradttinal Medicine Factory,China

Chongqing Pei Du PharmaceuticalFactory, China

Chongqing Hil'An Pharmaceutical Co Ltd,China

Lingrui Pharmaceutical Co Ltd

Anqing Yuliangqing Co Ltd, China


Public Health of Materials Factory, China




Leopard bone, Musk

Musk 1 3


Musk 1 3

Musk, Tiger bone 1

RAT:ZZ-4670(1997)005827"Guo Guang" trademark.

RAT:(1991)008323"Guo Gu Anc" brand.

RAT:(1995)011301"Pei Du" trademark.

RAT:Z50020461

RAT:(1993)146008

RAT:(1996)201152

RAT:ZZ-3654(1996)061202

RAT:(85)-198

D

H

C

G

B

FE

PLASTERS

A

Plasters 1.10


A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H


Musk Bone-RoborantPlaster

Natural Musk Bone-Roborant Plastea


She Xiang Zhen TongGao (Moschus Analgesic

Plaster)

Te Zhi GouPiGao


Hai Ma Shu Huo Gao

Shexiang ZhuangguGao

Beijing Medical Hygienic Material Factory,China

Beijing Medical Hygienic Material Factory


Tong Xiang Medical Products Factory ofZhejiang, China

Dong Ling Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, China

Dongling Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, China

The Fifth Chengdu PharmaceuticalFactory

Medical Hygienic Material Factory ofHuangshi, China

Musk 1 3

Musk

Musk 1

Musk

Gastrodia 1 3

Gastrodia 1 3

Seahorse

Musk, Leopard bone

RAT:ZZ-4249(1996)114017

RAT:(85)198"Ren Wei" trademark.

RAT:(1993)0612-2

RAT:(1993)0612-2"Tongiu" trademark.

RAT:(1996)800168

RAT:ZZ-5449(1998)0128

RAT:(1998)013520"Emei Shan" trademark.

RAT:(93)368"Yan Wu" trademark.

D

H

C

G

B

FE

PLASTERS

A

Plasters 1.11


A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H



Musk Medicated Plaster


SheXiang Zhuifeng Gao

Die Da Feng Shi Gao

Tianhe RheumatismExpelling Plasters

Tianhe - StrongTransdermal deliveryadhesive patch

Tianhe - The NewMedicine from China

Yu Kang Medicinal Products Factory ofKangzhou, China

Guangdong Zhanjiang JiminPharmaceutic Group Limited Company,China



Xi Shuang Ban Na PharmaceuticalFactory of Yunnan, China

Guilin Tianhe Pharmaceutical Co Ltd,China



Musk, Leopard bone

Musk 1 3

Musk 2 3

Musk 2 3

Musk

Musk 1 3

Not controlled

Not controlled

RAT:(89)0610-2"Su Qing" trademark.

RAT:(84)209002

RAT:(84)209003

RAT:ZZ-5704(1994)209002

RAT:(1985)015010

Bone mentioned only.

D

H

C

G

B

FE

PLASTERS

A

Plasters 1.12


A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H



Tiger BoneRheumatism Plaster

Tigris BoneRheumatism Plaster

She X'iang Zhuang GuGao

Ji Gong Musk Plaster (plus Psuedoginseng Tiger-

Bone)

She XiangZhuangGuGao

Musk Pain-RelievingPlaster

Tapel Ratus I


Ha Kwok Cheung, Hong Kong

Ha Kwok Cheung, Hong Kong

Chu Tian Pharmaceuticals of Suizhou,China

Sale Agents: Science Arts Co. Pty. Ltd.,China



PT Nyonlya Meneer, Indonesia

Musk 1 3

Tiger bone, Saussurea 1

Tiger bone, Saussurea 1

Musk, Leapard bone

Musk, Tiger bone,


Musk 1 3

Saussurea 1

RAT:(94)3"Chu Tian" trademark.

"Mei Hua" trademark.

RAT:ZZ-4249(1996)085310

RAT:ZZ-3654(1996)061202

D

H

C

G

B

FE

PLASTERS

A

Plasters 1.13


A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H


SheXiang ZhuangGuGao

Musk Pain ReliefPlaster

Musk & Strong BonePlaster


Shang Shi Bao ZhenGao

Musk Bone-Strengthening Plaster

Hai Ma Shu Huo Gao

SheXiang HuGu Gao

Hubei China

Liaohe Pharmaceutical Factory ofShenyang, China

Chongqing Pei Du Yao Ye, China

Shanghai Chinese Medicine Works, China

Hainan Logos Medicine Co Ltd, China

Chengdu Longdi Pharmaceutical Co Ltd

Medical Hygienic Material Factory ofJiangxi, China

Musk, Leopard bone

Musk

Musk


Musk 1 3

Musk, Leopard bone

Seahorse


"White Plume" brand.

RAT:(85)1447-14

RAT:ZZ-4249(1997)005007

RAT:(94)A26-03"Logos" trademark.

RAT:Z51021662"Emei Shan" trademark.

RAT:(1990)90-6"Ying Xiong" trademark.

D

H

C

G

B

FE

PLASTERS

A

Plasters 1.14


A

B




Li Kang Pharmaceutical Factory ofHuangshi, China

Medical Hygienic Material Factory ofHeng Yang, China

Musk, Leopard bone

Musk

RAT:(93)375"Ming Xing" trademark.

(1985)31-010"Xing Qiu" trademark.


BA


A

B

C

D

E

F


Konsodona AnalgesicPlaster

Musk & Tiger-BoneAnalgesic Plaster

Musk & Tiger-BoneAnalgesic Plaster







Li Kang Pharmaceutic Co Ltd, China

Hubei Huangshi Likang Pharmaceut CoLtd, China

Hubei Huangshi Likang Pharmaceut CoLtd, China

Not controlled




Musk,Leopard bone 1 2 3


"Konsodona" trademark. Konsodona is nowwritten on the back unlike other examples.

ZZ-4249(1993)000375

ZZ-4249(1993)000375"Mengxing" brand. There are 8 plasters perpacket. The packet originally stated that therewere 5 plasters but this has been manuallyamended in red ink on each packet seen.

ZZ-4249(1993)000375"Mengxing" brand. Picture of tiger has beenembossed and is raised giving a 2D effect.Inner packaging has changed and is now inthe form of waxed paper. Larger plasters.


CBA

FED


A

B

C

D

E

F


Musk-Tiger BonePlaster

Natural Musk and TigerBone Plaster

Natural Musk Tiger-Bone Plaster





Medical Hygienic Material Factory ofHengYang, China

Sales Agent: Zixing Trading Co Pte Ltd,China



Not written in English on the packaging,Hong Kong


Musk, Tiger bone

Musk, Tiger bone




"Cap Sinma" brand. Produced in China for theMalaysian market.

RAT:(1985)31-010"Xing Qiu" trademark.

RAT:ZZ-4249(1993)000368

RAT:ZZ-4249(1997)005007"pd" brand.

RAT:ZZ-4249(1993)000368Image of the tiger is embossed giving a 2Deffect.


CBA

FED


A

B

C

D

E

F



Musk-Tiger BonePlaster

Strong Plaster forSprain

Strong Moschus Hu KuGao

Musk Tian Qi TigerBone Analgesic Plaster







Peking Medicine Manufactory

Musk, Tiger bone 3

Musk, Tiger bone 3

Not controlled

Musk 1 3


Musk, Tiger bone

Tiger picture on packaging but not in ingredi-ents

Tiger mentioned in product name but not inthe ingredients. "Green Leaf" brand.

"Hua Tuo" trademark.


CBA

FED


A

B

C

D

E

F



SheXiang HuGuGao

She Xiang Zhuang GuGao (Musk Strengthen Bone

Plaster)


She Xiang Hu Gu Gao

Tiger Bone & FiveSnakes Medicine Patchfor Catagamatic &Rheumatism


Jian Min Drug Manufactory, China

Wuhan, Jianmin Pharmaceutical (Groups)Co Ltd, China


Liaohe Pharmaceutical Manufactory,China



Musk, Tiger bone 1 2 3

Musk, Leopard bone

Musk 3


Tiger bone 1 3

RAT:(84)257

"Jian Min" trademark.


CBA

FED


A

B

C

D

E

F


Shangfu AnalgesicPlaster


She Xiang Hu Gu Gao

Britenderm

Moschus Zhui FengGao






Kwangchow United Manufactory ofChinese Medicine, China


Not controlled

Tiger bone, Musk 3


Not controlled

Musk 2 3


Tiger mentioned in product name but not inthe ingredients. Picture of a tiger on packag-ing.

RAT:(89)0610-2Tiger mentioned in product name but not in theingredients. Picture of a tiger on packaging.

"Rare Mushroom" brand.

RAT:ZZ-4249(1994)000058


CBA

FED


A

B

C

D

E

F


Musk Tiger-BoneAnalgesic Plaster

Zuanggu & MuskAnalgesic Plaster

Anti-ContusionRheumatism Plaster

SheXiang JieTongGao

Shexiang ZhuangguGao

SheXiang Zhen TongGao

Chongqing Tradional Medicine Factory,China

Chongqing Tradional Chief Factory, China


Shanghai No 3 Traditonal ChineseMedicine Manufactory, China

Jian Min Pharmaceutical Factory ofWuhan, China




Bear bile, Musk, Tiger bone 13 (bear bile 3 only)

Musk 1 3

Musk, Leapard bone

Musk


RAT:ZZ-4670(1996)005827

Bear bile, Tiger bone and musk mentioned inproduct name and enclosed product leaflet.

RAT:ZZ-3293(1998)042046

RAT:(93)373"Jian Min" trademark.


CBA

FED


A

B

C

D

E

F


SheXiangZhuangGuGao

SheXiangZhuangGuGao

SheXiangShangShiGao

SheXiang Zhen TongGao

SheXiangZhenTongGao

SheXiangZhenTongGao





Hangzhou Rende Medicine Co Ltd, China

Chuzhou Pharmaceutical Factory, China



Musk 1 2 3

Musk 2 3

Musk 2 3

Musk 2 3

RAT:(1996)061703Ref: WS3-B-1668-93.

RAT:(1996)061706Ref: WS3-B-1668-93.

RAT:(1993)0613-2Ref: Q/WS-712-85.

RAT:ZZ-3654(1996)061203Ref: WS3-B1670-93.

RAT:ZZ-3654(1996)061201"Renew" brand.

RAT:ZZ-3654(1996)061203


CBA

FED


A

B

C

D

E

F


Shexiang Zhen TongGao

Natural Musk Plasterfor Bone strenghthing

Natural Musk Plasterfor Bone Strengthing

(Natural) Musk Plasterfor Bone Strengthening

Hua Tuo Anti-Rheumatism Plaster

"Hua Tuo" Anti-Contusion RheumatismPlaster

Yu Kang Medicinal Products Factory ofZhejiang, China

Aba Prefecrure Pharmaceutical Factory,China

Aba Prefecture Pharmaceutical Factory,Sichuan, China

Aba Prefecrure Pharmaceutical Factory,China


Hysan Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, China

Musk

Musk 1 3

Musk

Musk 1 3

Musk 1 3

Not controlled

RAT:(84)0474-1"Su Qing" trademark.

"Riverdeerbrand" brand.

RAT:(85)-3615"Riverdeerbrand" brand.

RAT:ZZ-4249(1997)013080"Riverdeerbrand" brand.

Marked "Product of China".


CBA

FED


A

B

C

D

E

F


Li Shih ChenRheumatism Plaster

SheXiang GuanJieZhitongGao

SheXiang GuanjinZhitonggao

Musk RheumatismPlaster


Musk RheumaticPlaster

China National Chemicals Import + ExportCorporation, China


Medical Hygienic Material Factory ofShanghai, China

The United Pharmaceutical Manufactory,China


Ton Tex Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, China

Musk 1 3

Musk 2 3

Musk

Musk 1 3

Musk 3

Musk

"KPIC" brand.

RAT:(1995)039013Ref: Q/WS-1-1687-85.

RAT:(1985)190

"Yang Cheng" brand.

"Yang Cheng" brand.

RAT:(85)B-27"Ren Zi" trademark.


CBA

FED


A

B

C

D

E

F



Natural Deer Musk andTiger Bone Paste (Tian

Ran She Xiang Hu Gu Gao)

Musk Bone-strengthen-ing Plaster



HeiBaoXiongDanZhi-LingGao

The Fifth Chengdu PharmaceuticalFactory, China

No. 5 Pharmaceutical Factory ofChengdu, China

The Fifth Chengdu PharmaceuticalFactory, China

Foreign Capital Huangshi Li Li JiaPharmaceuticals Ltd, China

Medical Hygienic Material Factory ofJinan, China

Hei Bao Medicine (Group) Corporation,China


Musk, Tiger bone

Musk

Musk, Leopard bone

Musk, Leopard bone

Bear gall powder 3

Musk and Tiger bone are mentioned in theproduct name and packaging but not listed inthe ingredients. "Emeishan" brand.

RAT:(81)-225"E Mai Shan" trademark.

RAT:(81)-225"E Mai Shan" trademark.

RAT:(94)58"Li Li Jia" trademark.

RAT:(94)2102-1"Bai Quan" trademark.

RAT:ZZ-5695(1996)300115


CBA

FED


A

B

C

D

E

F




Musk Pheumatism-Expelling Plasters

Felursa Plaster

Kou Pi Plaster

Musk & Dogskin Plaster

Guangzhou Jing Xio Tang PharmaceuticalFactory, China

Guangzhou Jing Xiu Tang PharmaceuticalCompany Ltd, China

The Forth Pharmaceutical Factory ofGuilin, China

Zhanjiang Hygienic Materials Factory

Beijing Tong Ren Tang, China

Aba Prefecture Pharmaceutical Factory ofSichuan, China

Musk 1 3

Musk

Musk, Pangolin scales

Bear bile

Not controlled

Musk

RAT:(83)A16-052

RAT:(83)A16-052"Yuan Tian" trademark.

RAT:(1985)15016

RAT:(86)090Reference book (see Fratkins) lists Musk asan ingredient in this medicine but made by adifferent manufacturer.

"Riverdeerbrand" brand.


CBA

FED


A

B

C

D

E

F


Shenma Jing Zhi HaiMa Zhuei Feng Gao


Moschus RheumaticOsteo-Arthritis Plaster



Pien Tze Huang

Not written in English on the packaging, China


National Medicines & Health Products,China



Zhangzhou Pharmaceutical Factory,China

Gastrodia, Seahorse 1 3

Bear bile, Musk, Tiger bone 3

Musk

Tiger bone 3

Musk 1 3

Tiger bone 1 3

RAT:(1985)000024Also known as "Delliate Seahorse KheumAtism Expelling Plaster".

"Panda" brand.

Tiger bone in product name and image of atiger showing bones on packaging but not list-ed in the ingredients. "Lotus" brand.

"Long Jiang" brand.


CBA

FED


A

B

C

D

E

F


Natural Musk & tigerBone Plaster for SprainRheumatism

Shenbo Musk-RadixNotoginseng Traumatic& Rheumatic Plaster

Musk RheumatismExpelling Plasters

Anti-Rheumatic Plaster

Shangshi Bao ZhenGao

SheXiang Jietong Gao

Not written in English on the packaging:Far Great Pharmaceutical Factory.


Guilin Fourth Pharmaceutical, China

Tientsin Drug Manufactory, China




Musk, Tiger bone 1

Musk, Gastrodia 1 3

Musk 1 3

Musk 1 3

Musk 2 3

"Far Great" brand.

RAT:(85)-15016Musk and Gastrodia are mentioned in theproduct name and packaging but not listed inthe ingredients.

"Great Wall" brand.

Marked "Shang Hai".


CBA

FED


A

B

C

D

E

F


Man Ying Guci Kao

ShangShiQuTongGao

Musk & SnowlotusAnalgesic Plaster


Inflammation AnalgesiaPlaster







Yu Liang Pharmaceutical Factory ofAn'ning, China

Musk 1 3

Rhinoceros horn

Musk 1 3

Musk 3

Musk 3

Mask Deer Musk, Civet Cat Musk

RAT:(1987)035

RAT:B87-233(96)150467

RAT:ZZ-3654(1985)000042

RAT:ZZ-3660(1981)000169

RAT:(1982)147"Qiang Ti" trademark.


CBA

FED


A

B


Moschus Root ofNotoginseng AnalgesicPlaster

Musk Strength-BonePlaster

China

Zhan Jiang Ji Min Pharmaceuticals PtyLtd, China

Musk

Musk, Leopard bone

"Fu Xing" trademark

RAT:(92)B9-023"JM" trademark.


BA

606 Specific Xiao Yan Wan

A

Acne-Sweeping PillAluminium Hydroxide and SaussuriaAn Kong Niu Huang WanAn Kong Niu Huang Wan (On Kung Pill)Anti-Lumbago TabletsAplotaxis Carminative PillsAquilaria Stomachic PillsArmadillo Antipyretic PillsArmadillo Counter Poison Pill

B

BaBaoDanBai Meng Qing PillsBak Foong PillsBan Xia Bai Shutian Ma WanBaoJi WanBear Bile Heart Saving Pill (Xiongdan Jiuxin Dan)Bear Bile PillBear's Bile CapsulesBear Gall PillBo Ying PillsBo Ying TanBushen Kangle JiaonangBushen Yiqi Jiaonang

C

Capsulae BearbileCapsule of Bear GallCapsules of JiannanchunCataract Vision-Improving PillsCerebral Tonic PillsChang Chun For Prolonging Life CapsuleChen Xiang Hua Qi WanChien Chin Chih Tai WanChien Chin Chih Tai WanChien Pu Hu Chien WanChina Mang NumChina Tung Shueh PillsChinese Chien Pu Wan

2.38

2.232.252.342.342.12.172.172.132.2

2.422.112.102.202.412.272.152.302.152.352.342.322.43

2.382.382.112.92.102.272.192.42.42.232.432.222.22

F

ECEDHBHDF

FHHCBFECDAFBE

BCEDFGHGHHDHD

Chinese PaojiwanChuifong Tiger Bone PillsChunYangZhenQi WanClear MindConcentrated Powerful FargelinCondense Seal PillsCondensed Heart TonicCough Allaying PillsCough Allaying Pills

D

Da Huo Luo DanDa Huo Luo DanDa Huo Luo DanDa Huo Luo DanDa Huo Luo DanDa Huo Luo DanDendrobium Moniliforme Night Sight PillsDendrobium Moniliforme Night Sight Pills (superior)Diedayao Wang Revival PillDragon Life Sexual CapsuleDragon Male TonicDuZhong HuGu Wan

E

Engergol-MaExtra Quality Duzhong HuGoWan Capsules

F

Fargelin for PilesFargelin for Piles - High StrengthFoi Chan DanFong Sei Ku Zhe WanFong Sei Ku Zhe WanFortified Hai Gou Pien Jian Shen WanFuFangBanMaoJiaoNangFuFangBanMaoJiaoNangFuFangLuHuiJiaoNangFuFangLuHuiJiaoNangFuke YangRonWan

2.152.12.252.32.182.132.222.202.22

2.332.22.22.202.332.332.92.222.202.102.142.29

2.372.23

2.182.182.392.232.242.132.412.422.72.72.10

BDABBHFDA

CCDADECCHGEB

BA

ACEBCGFCGHA

CAPSULES / PILLS Capsules / Pills Index 1


Ganmao Liang Yao Yinqiao JiedupianGastrodia "Headwind" Tablet ConcGeJie Da Bu WanGinjal Seahorse Ghenshen KidneyGinseng Jianbu Hu Qian WanGiu Pi WanGolden Gun CapsulesGolden Gun CapsulesGolden-Coin Tortoise Antipyretic PillsGui Ling JiGui Ling Ji Super TonicGui Pi WanGui Pi WanGui Pi WanGui Pi WanGuu Tong Wan

H

Hai Gou WanHai Ma Duo Bian WanHai Ma Shu Xiong PiamnHaima Baji CapsuleHaima Sanshen Jiubian WanHaima Sanshen PillHindu Magic PillHon San Potency Pills Ancient Chinese FormulationHongHua QingXiaoShouShenHu Ku Padon WanHu Ku Wan Tiger Bone PillsHuaTuo ZaiZaoWanHuoXinWan

I

Imperial & Superior Sea Dogs Pills

J

Jian Bu Bao Qian WanJian Bu Spur TanJian Bu WanJianBu WanJianBuZhuangGu WanJilin Chiang Bien Wan

2.182.72.202.122.232.12.392.392.142.32.32.82.82.82.82.27

2.142.132.322.132.132.432.102.282.412.242.32.112.27

2.13

2.162.162.232.162.162.32

DDEHDEABBDCCABDC

HACCBCDDDFHCA

F

DECBCE

Jin Qian Gui Zing Du PillsJiu Zhan Shen Dan (San Bian Bao Concentrated Capsules)

K

Kai Kit WanKaiXiong ShunQiWan (ShuiWan)Kam Tau To Male TonicKien Shen WangKindo Dragon PillKings Tonic (for man)

L

Laryngitis PillsLaryngitis PillsLaryngitis PillsLeung See Sea Dog PillsLi Bu Jin Qin Capsule (Libu Jinqiu Jiaonang)Lingchih Ginseng Antler Pai Feng WanLingshin Ginseng Antler Pai Feng WanLingyang Ganmao PianLingYang GanMao JiaoNangLingYang GanMao JiaoNangLingYang GanMao JiaoNangLingYang GanMao JiaoNangLingYang GanMaoPianLingYangGanMaoPianLibu Jinqiu JiaonangLiu Shen WanLiu Shen WanLiu Shen WanLiuShenWanLiu-Shen-WanLiu Shen WanLu-Shen-WanLu-Shen-Wan

M

Magarite Acne PillMale TonicMing Mu PillsMongnan Tianbao PillsMoschus Fel Ursi Chufeng T'OukuwanMu Xiang Shun Qi WanMu Xiang Shun Qi Wan

2.142.11

2.12.252.392.282.232.24

2.292.302.292.432.322.372.212.312.302.312.312.312.322.142.322.212.182.332.342.182.342.182.34

2.112.252.92.272.172.122.38

CG

CFDAGA

EAFAFEAFFCDEAGFFHFAGCFB

DBGEDDD


G

Mu Xiang Shun Qi Wan (Aplotaxis Carminative Pills)Musk Chui Fong Tou KuwanMuXiangShungiWanMuXiangShunQiWan

N

Nan BaoNan BaoNan BaoNatural Gastrodia Elata Blume and Lingzhi CapsuleNing Sou Wan (Cough Allaying Pills)Ning Sou Wan (Cough Allaying Pills)Nourishing MaleNourishing Male Tonic CapsuleNourishing Male Tonic CapsuleNu BaoNu Bao

O

OfadenOn Kung Pill

P

Pearl Ming Yan WanPill for Invigorating Spleen & IntestinesPilulae Cortis Eucommiae et Ossis TogrisPo Chai PillsPo Chai PillsPure Natural TianMa Capsule

Q

Qiang Jin Zhu Ang Gu PelletQiangli Shxziang HuKu Zhuifeng WanQiangli TianMaDuZhong WanQianLi TianMa Duzhong JiaoNangQing Li Tian Ma Du Zhong CapsulesQingliTianMaDuZhongWanQingliTianMaDuZhongWan

2.172.172.332.17

2.192.352.352.272.202.222.282.92.92.192.19

2.42.34

2.372.262.292.42.112.6

2.212.372.382.412.22.382.40

BEAC

EEFDDACABCD

DD

AEAFBC

CCAAGEA

Relaxed WandererRheumatism & Healthy PillsRhinoceros & Antelope Horn Febrifugal TabletsRupi Xiao Pian

S

San Bian Bao Concentrated Capsules San She Tan Chui Feng WanSanjiu Wetai KeliSea Horse Genital Tonic PillsSea Horse Genital Tonic PillsSeahorse Genital tonic PillsSeal Pen Pen PillsSek Hu Hoi Gwon Min Nan WanSen Way Chew Chan WanShe Xiang BaoXin WanShe Xiang Feng Shi TabletShel-Rod Rheumatism CapsulesShenqi Natural Tall Gastrodia CapsuleShenqi Natural Tall Gastrodiae CapsuleShenrongbian WanShenrongbian WanShi He Ming Yan WanShi-He Ming Yan WanShihu Ming Yan WanShiHu Yeguang WanShiHu Yeguang WanShiHu Yeguang WanShiHu Yeguang WanShihu Yeguang Wan (Ofaden)Shu Gan WanShu Gan WanShuang Loong YuenShuGanWanShuKan WanStrong Concentrated Shi Hu Ye Guang WanStrong Hua Tuo Rheumatism WanStrong Man BaoStrong Man Magical PillStrong Snake Penis WanStrong snake Penis WanStrong Xiao Jin TanStrong Xiao Jin TanSuHe XiangWan

2.32.242.432.21

2.112.222.32.122.122.122.362.92.102.72.72.242.72.72.322.132.282.242.92.22.172.42.42.42.152.162.202.152.152.172.232.352.112.362.362.362.362.26

AGBH

GBGFGECHEFEBBCDEBDEEFBCDHAGGFGFDFEDABG


R

Sugar coated wild gastodiaSum Suie Phone Sub Wan

T

Tablet Zhang Yan MingTeck Aun "Chi-Kit" PillsTeck Aun "Chi-Kit" PillsThe Chinese Agkistrodon Acutus PillsTian Ma Dao Chung WanTian Ma Gou Teng WanTian Ma Pteria Plan Toutong WanTian Ma Tian Qi WanTian Ma Wan (concentrated)Tian Shan Xue Lian Tong Mai DanTian Xian Capsule PillTianma HuGu WanTianMa PianTianma Shouwu PianTianMaDuZhong JiaoNangTianMaHuGuWanTianMaHuGuWanTianMaPianTianMaWan JiaoNangTianMaWanJiaoNangTien Ma Tou Tong WanTienma and Shou WuTienma and Shou Wu (Gastrodia)Tienma Chu Feng Bu PienTienma Chu Feng Pu PienTienma (sugar coated wild gastodia)Tiger Deer Tonic PillToh Chong Chin Kut WanTong Bi TabletTou Tong PianTsai Tsao WanTung Shueh Pills

U

Ubat Po Chai PillsUnknown Tumor Pellet

W

Wan Ling Ren Shen Chin Kuo PillWei-tai "999" Capsule

2.72.15

2.92.192.192.202.52.62.52.52.52.22.212.22.52.62.192.52.52.52.12.192.62.62.62.62.62.72.222.212.212.252.142.35

2.42.35

2.262.3

AA

FABFFDEHGHGACAFBADAGEBFGHAGDEHFB

EC

DE

Wei-Tai 999 Capsule

X

Xi Huang WanXiang Sha liu Jun WanXiang Sha liu Jun WanXiang Sha WanXiang Sha Yang Wei DanXiang Sha Yang Wei WanXiang Sha YangWei WanXiang Sha YangWei WanXiangShaLiuJunWanXiangShaYangWeiWanXiangShaYangWeiWanXiangShaYangWeiWanXiangShaYangWeiWanXiangShaYangWeiWanXiangShaYangWeiWanXingSha YangWei Wan (Nongsuowan)Xiong Dan Jiao Nang Capsula Bears GallXiong Dan Wan (Bear's Gall Pills)Xiong Dan Yuan (Bear Bile Pills)Xiong Zhi BaoXiongDan JiuXinDanXiongDan JiuXinDan

Y

Yan Shen Jai Jao WanYang Rong WanYang Shen Hu Bao Jing NangYangxue Shengfa JiaonangYin Chiao TabletsYishengTang Three Snakes Gallbladder CapsuleYueYueShue

Z

Zhen Nao Ning Jiao NangZhuang Gu GuanJie WanZhuanggu Guanjie WanZhuangYaoJianShenPian

2.25

2.362.122.162.12.162.122.172.372.122.402.422.302.302.372.402.162.302.152.152.272.262.27

2.262.202.112.82.182.242.26

2.402.332.32.42

E

FBGBFCADAEEDEFFHBDEHFF

CBAFEHB

CBFD


CAPSULES / PILLS Capsules / Pills 2.1

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H


TianMaWan JiaoNang

Xiang Sha Wan

Kai Kit Wan

Chuifong Tiger BonePills

Giu Pi Wan



Anti-Lumbago Tablets









Gastrodia 3

Saussurea 3

Saussurea 1 3

Tiger bone 3

Orchid 1 3

Tiger bone, Saiga antelope horn1 3

Cibotium 1 3

Cibotium 1 3

RAT:ZZ-2486(1992)4017

RAT:ZZ-0262(1996)043204

"Plum Flower" brand.

RAT:(82)204


D

H

C

G

B

F

A

E


A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H


Tianma HuGu Wan


Da Huo Luo Dan

Da Huo Luo Dan

ShiHu Yeguang Wan

Armadillo CounterPoison Pill

Qing Li Tian Ma DuZhong Capsules

Tian Shan Xue LianTong Mai Dan



Lanzhou Fo Cl Pharmaceutical Factory,China


Distributed by Mayway Corporation,United States of America

Fatshen United Pharmaceutical Works,China


Inner Mongolia Medicine Factory, InnerMongolia

Tiger bone, Gastrodia 1 3

Musk, Bear bile, Tiger bone1 3

Tiger bone, Musk, Gastrodia,Rhinoceros horn 1 3

Tiger bone, Musk, Gastrodia,Rhinoceros horn 1 3

Saiga antelope horn,Dendrobium orchid, Cistanche1 2 3

Pangolin 3

Gastrodia 2 3

Gastrodia 1 3

RAT:(82)-2130Tiger bone and Gastrodia mentioned in theproduct name but not listed in the ingredients."Chuen Bao" brand.

"Kweifeng" trademark.

Cistanche is shown as being Cistanche deser-ticola.

ZZ-3046(1995)076027

Sole agents: Ren Min Medical Trading,Malaysia.


D

H

C

G

B

F

A

E


A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H


Relaxed Wanderer

Clear Mind

Gui Ling Ji Super Tonic

Gui Ling Ji

Wei-tai "999" Capsule

Zhuanggu Guanjie Wan

Sanjiu Wetai Keli

Hu Ku Wan Tiger BonePills

Kan Herb Company, United States ofAmerica


Shanxi Tradition Chinese PharmaceuticalWorks, China

Shan Xi Guang Yu Yuan TraditionalChinese Medicine Co Ltd, China

Nanfeng Pharmaceutical Factory, China



The Fu Sung Pharmaceutic Works, China

Gastrodia 1

Gastrodia 1

Pangolin, Seahorse 1 3

Seahorse, Cistanche stem

Saussurea 1 3

Cibotium, Saussurea 3

Saussurea 3

Tiger bone 1 3

RAT:(1996)029043"Yuan" trademark.

RAT:ZZ-0172(1996)904003"999" brand.

RAT:ZZ-5012(1994)904001"9992 brand.

"Forest" brand.


D

H

C

G

B

F

A

E


A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H



ShiHu Yeguang Wan

ShiHu Yeguang Wan

Shihu Yeguang Wan(Ofaden)

Ubat Po Chai Pills

Po Chai Pills

Chien Chin Chih TaiWan

Chien Chin Chih TaiWan




Ching Tung Wing Chinese Medicine CoLtd Kwangchow, China

Li Chung Shing Tong, Hong Kong

Li Chung Shing Tong, Hong Kong

Tianjin Drug Manufactory, China

Tianjin Lerentang Drug Manufactory,China

Gastrodia, Tiger bone 1 3

Orchid, Saiga antelope horn,Rhinoceros horn, Bear bile1 3

Orchid, Saiga antelope 1

Dendrobium Orchid, Cistanchestem, Saiga antelope horn

Saussurea 1

Saussurea 1

Saussurea 1

Saussurea 1 3

RAT:(87)4329

"Yang Cheng" brand.

"Yang Cheng" brand.

"Yang Cheng" brand. Other versions of the theproduct also list Gastrodia as an ingredient onthe enclosed leaflet.

"Great Wall" brand.


D

H

C

G

B

F

A

E


A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H


TianMaHuGuWan

TianMaHuGuWan

TianMa Pian

TianMa Pian

Tian Ma Pteria PlanToutong Wan

Tian Ma Dao ChungWan

Tian Ma Wan (concen-trated)

Tian Ma Tian Qi Wan

Dong Feng Chengdu PharmaceuticalFactory, China

Chengdu Seventh PharmaceuticalFactory, China


Hanzhong Chinese Medicine Factory ofthe Province of Shanxi, China



Ming Kang Pharmaceutical Factory, China

China National Medicine & HealthProducts Import & Export Corp


Tiger bone, Leopard bone,Gastrodia 1 3

Gastrodia 1 3

Gastrodia 1 3

Gastrodia, Saussurea 1 3

Gastrodia, Saussurea, Seahorse3 (Gastrodia also 1)

Gastrodia

Gastrodia

Gastrodia is only listed on the enclosedleaflet.

RAT:(83)372-4

"Min Kang" trademark.

"Kweifeng" brand.


D

H

C

G

B

F

A

E


A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H


Tianma Shouwu Pian

Chuanxiong TianmaTou Tong Wan

Pure Natural TianMaCapsule

Tian Ma Gou Teng Wan

Tien Ma Tou Tong Wan

Tienma and Shou Wu(Gastrodia)

Tienma Chu Feng BuPien

Tienma Chu Feng PuPien

Changde Chinese Traditional DrugManufactory of Hunan, China

China National Medicines & HealthProducts Imp. & Exp. Corp. Guangzhou,China


Lanzhou Taibao Pharmaceutical Factory,China

Kwangchow First Chinese MedicineFactory, China

China National Medicine & HealthProducts Import + Export Branch, China

Kunming Native Drugs Factory, China

Kunming Native Drugs Factory of Yunnan,China

Gastrodia

Gastrodia

Gastrodia 2 3

Gastrodia 1 2 3

Gastrodia 1 3

Gastrodia 1 3

Gastrodia 3

Gastrodia

"Chuan Pai" trademark.

"Lee Sze" trademark.

RAT:(1996)100071"Eakan" brand.

RAT:(93)32549

RAT:(81)3-067


D

H

C

G

B

F

A

E


A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H


Tienma (sugar coatedwild gastodia)

Shenqi Natural TallGastrodia Capsule

Shenqi Natural TallGastrodiae Capsule

Gastrodia "Headwind"Tablet Conc

She Xiang Feng ShiTablet

She Xiang BaoXin Wan

FuFangLuHuiJiaoNang

FuFangLuHuiJiaoNang

Kwei-yang Biochemical PharmaceuticalFactory Kweichow, China

Guizhou Shenqi No 2 Herbs Plant, China

Guizhou Shenqi No 2 Herbs Co Ltd,China

Tianjin Medicines & Health ProductsImport & Export Corporation, China

Harbin Shi Yi Tang PharmaceuticalFactory, China

Shanghai No 1 Chinese Medicine Works,China



Gastrodia

Gastrodia 1 3

Gastrodia 1 3

Gastrodia 1 3

Musk 2

Musk 1 2 3

Aloe 3

Aloe 3

RAT:(92)WYZNoZ17

RAT:(92)Z-17

RAT:0081(1990)

RAT:ZZ-0398(1995)040074

RAT:ZZ-5413(1995)050219Aloe ferox or Aloe barbadensis.

RAT:ZZ-5413(1995)050219Aloe ferox or Aloe barbadensis.


D

H

C

G

B

F

A

E


A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H


Gui Pi Wan

Gui Pi Wan

Gui Pi Wan

Gui Pi Wan


Yangxue ShengfaJiaonang





Lanzhou Fo Cl Hernb Factory, China






Saussurea 1 3

Saussurea 1 2 3

Saussurea 2 3

Saussurea 1 3

Gastrodia 3

Gastrodia 3

Gastrodia 3

Gastrodia 3

RAT:ZZ-3289(1996)017804"Min Shan" brand.

RAT:(82)178-4"Min Shan" brand.

RAT:(82)178-4"Min Shan" brand.

RAT:ZZ-0281(1991)0579

RAT:ZZ-0281(1991)0579

RAT:ZZ-0281(1991)0579


D

H

C

G

B

F

A

E


A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H


Nourishing Male TonicCapsule

Nourishing Male TonicCapsule

DendrobiumMoniliforme Night SightPills

Cataract Vision-Improving Pills

Shihu Ming Yan Wan

Tablet Zhang Yan Ming

Ming Mu Pills

Sek Hu Hoi Gwon MinNan Wan

Shanxi Houma Chinese Herbal MedicineProduction Plant, China



China National Medicines & HealthProducts Import & Export Branch, China

Sichuan Chengdu TradionalPharmaceutical Factory, China

Kwangchow Pharmaceutical Industry Co.Kwnagchow, China

Chinese Medcine Import-Export Company

Kwangchow United Manufactory ofChinese Medicine, PRC

Seahorse 1 3

Seahorse 1 3

Saiga antelope horn,Dendrobium orchid, Rhinoceroshorn 1 3

Orchid 1 3

Dendrobium orchid, Rhinoceroshorn, Saiga antelope horn1 3

Cistanche stem

Dendrobium, Cistanche stem

Dendrobium orchid

RAT:(1996)041067

RAT:(1996)041067

"Great Wall" brand

"Double Swan" brand.

RAT:(83)A13-18

"Wah Cheong Hong" brand


D

H

C

G

B

F

A

E


A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H


Fuke YangRonWan



Hindu Magic Pill

Sen Way Chew ChanWan

Cerebral Tonic Pills

Dragon Life SexualCapsule

Bak Foong Pills

Lanzhou Minshan PharmaceuticalCompany, China



Not written in English on the packaging:Daniel, Daniel & Sons,


Xi'an Traditional Chinese MedicineFactory, China


Hong Kong Chien Cao Tong Medical Ltd

Wild Ass 1 3

Bear bile 3

Musk, Saiga antelope 3

Leopard extract 1

Gastrodia 1 3

Musk, Tiger penis 3

Gastrodia 1 3

RAT:(94)420(3)16Wild Ass, Equus asinus not controlled as aresult of the 12th Conference of the Parties

RAT:(83)47-004


D

H

C

G

B

F

A

E


A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H


Yang Shen Hu Bao JingNang

Po Chai Pills

HuaTuo ZaiZaoWan

Magarite Acne Pill

Capsules ofJiannanchun

Strong Man Magical Pill

Jiu Zhan Shen Dan (San Bian Bao Concentrated

Capsules)

Bai Meng Qing Pills





Sanming Pharmaceutical Factory ofFujian, China

Ling Hai Hong Ma Health Products Co.Ltd.

Fu Yuan Group Health Products Factory,China

China National Native Produce & AnimalBy-Products Imp. & Exp. Corporation,Fukien Branch Chuanchow Office, China

Saiga antelope 3

Gastrodia 1

Rhinoceros horn 3

Saiga antelope horn 1 3

Seahorse


Seahorse

Saiga antelope horn, Bear bile,Dendrobium orchid

RAT:(1996)0080

RAT:(85)A15-066

RAT:(1996)0283"Qu Shi" trademark.

RAT:(97)486

RAT:S-00057

"Lu Jiang" trademark.


D

H

C

G

B

F

A

E


A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H


XiangShaLiuJunWan

Xiang Sha liu Jun Wan

Xiang Sha Yang WeiWan

Mu Xiang Shun Qi Wan

Seahorse Genital tonicPills

Sea Horse GenitalTonic Pills

Sea Horse GenitalTonic Pills

Ginjal SeahorseGhenshen Kidney

Hefei Divine Deer Group JiuhuaPharmaceutical Co Ltd, China

Hefei Divine Deer Group JiuhuaPharmaceutical Co Ltd, China

Hefei Divine deer Group No 2 Factory ofTraditional Chinese Medicine, China

Hefei Divine deer Group No 2 Factory ofTraditional Chinese Medicine, China

Tianjin Lerentang Drug Manufactory,China

Tianjin Lerentang Pharmaceutical Factoryof Tianjin, China

Tianjin Lerentang Pharmaceutical Factoryof Tianjin, China

PT Ikong Pharmaceutical Industry,Indonesia

Saussurea 3

Saussurea 1 3

Saussurea 1 3

Saussurea 1 3

Seahorse 1 3

Seahorse

Seahorse

Seahorse 1

RAT:WWYZHZ(1996)201589

RAT:(1996)201589

RAT:(1996)201588

RAT:ZZ-5623(1998)0571"Great Wall" brand.

RAT:(1985)000571"Great Wall" brand.

RAT:952576402


D

H

C

G

B

F

A

E


A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H


Hai Ma Duo Bian Wan

Haima Sanshen JiubianWan

Haima Baji Capsule

Armadillo AntipyreticPills

Shenrongbian Wan

Imperial & Superior SeaDogs Pills

Fortified Hai Gou PienJian Shen Wan

Condense Seal Pills

Shen Yang Kangjia Medicial & HealthProducts Co Ltd, China

Shenji Pharmaceutical Factory, China

Vigor Pharmaceutical Co Ltd of Jilin,China


Tian Shan Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, Dalian

Hong Kong Medicine Manufactory, HongKong

Peking Medicine Manufactory, Hong Kong

Hong Kong Chi Chun Tang HerbalFactory, Hong Kong

Seahorse

Seahorse, Cistanche1 3 (seahorse also 2)

Seahorse

Pangolin 3

Seahorse

Seahorse

Cistanche stem, Seahorse

Seahorse, Cistanche 1 3

RAT:(1998)0273"Ging Gong" trademark.

RAT:(1996)6011"Lin Yuan" trademark.

RAT:(1996)0203

"Wintex Tong" trademark

"Wing Sing Tong" trademark.


D

H

C

G

B

F

A

E


A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H



Golden-Coin TortoiseAntipyretic Pills

Jin Qian Gui Zing DuPills


Dragon Male Tonic

Tsai Tsao Wan

LingYangGanMaoPian

Hai Gou Wan


China National Medicines & HealthProducts I/E Corp, China

China National Medicine & HealthProducts Import & Export Corporation





Capital Health Pharmaceutical FactoryLtd, Hong Kong

Tortoise, turtle 3

Pangolin, Tortoise shell 1 3

Pangolin scales, Bear bile,Musk

Tiger bone 3

Tiger penis 3

Musk, Rhinoceros horn, Tigerbone, Gastrodia 1

Saiga antelope1 2 3

Seahorse

The tortoise refered to is likely to be a fresh-water turtle. Refere to CITES, EU regulationsand national legislation.

The tortoise refered to is likely to be a fresh-water turtle. Refere to CITES, EU regulationsand national legislation.

RAT:ZC20000015


D

H

C

G

B

F

A

E


A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H


Sum Suie Phone SubWan

Chinese Paojiwan


Xiong Dan Wan (Bear'sGall Pills)

Xiong Dan Yuan (BearBile Pills)

ShuKan Wan

ShuGanWan

Shu Gan Wan


Sinma Medical Products (M) Sdn Bhd,Malaysia


Liu He Pharmaceutical Factory of Jilin,China

Pharmaceutical Factory, Japan




Tiger bone 1 3

Gastrodia

Bear gall 3

Bear bile

Bear bile

Saussurea 1

Saussurea

Saussurea 1 2 3

Cobra (Naja naja) snake gall.

"Cap Simna" brand.

RAT:ZZ-2446(1996)8077

RAT:(89)430312

"Great Wall" brand.

RAT:ZZ-3635(95)810(3)-16

"Min Shan" brand.


D

H

C

G

B

F

A

E


A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H


Shu Gan Wan

JianBu Wan

JianBuZhuangGu Wan

Jian Bu Bao Qian Wan

Jian Bu Spur Tan

Xiang Sha Yang WeiDan

Xiang Sha liu Jun Wan

XingSha YangWei Wan(Nongsuowan)









Saussurea, Aquilaria 1 3

Leopard bone 3

Leopard bone 1 3

Tiger sinews and bones 1 3

Tiger bone 3

Saussurea 1 3

Saussurea 1 3

Saussurea 3

RAT:ZZ-3635(1990)081016

RAT:(93)208(3)-16

"Golden Dragon" brand.

RAT:(1996)201031


D

H

C

G

B

F

A

E


A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H


Xiang Sha YangWeiWan

Mu Xiang Shun Qi Wan(Aplotaxis Carminative Pills)

MuXiangShunQiWan

Moschus Fel UrsiChufeng T'Oukuwan

Musk Chui Fong TouKuwan

ShiHu Yeguang Wan

Strong ConcentratedShi Hu Ye Guang Wan

Aquilaria StomachicPills




China National Medicine & HealthProducts Import & Export Branch, China


Liji Pharmaceutical Factory, China

China National Medicine & HealthProducts Import & Export Corporation

Lanzhou Fo Ci Pharmaceutical Factory ofLanzhou, China

Saussurea 3

Saussurea 1 2 3

Saussurea 2 3

Musk, Bear bile, Tiger bone 1 3

Musk, Tiger bone, Gastrodia 1 3

Not controlled

Dendrobium orchid, Saiga ante-lope horn

Agarwood

RAT:(1987)34054

RAT:(82)200-4

RAT:ZZ-2033(1995)040128

"Kweifeng" brand.

RAT:(82)A12-003Other versions of this product list Saiga ante-lope, Dendrobium orchid and bear gallbladderin the ingredients.

"Kweifeng" brand.

"Min Shan" brand.


D

H

C

G

B

F

A

E


A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H


Fargelin for Piles

Concentrated PowerfulFargelin

Fargelin for Piles - HighStrength

Ganmao Liang YaoYinqiao Jiedupian

Yin Chiao Tablets

Lu-Shen-Wan

Liu-Shen-Wan

Liu Shen Wan


Foshan First Pharmaceutical Factory,China


Tian Jin Shi Zhong Yao Zhi Yao Chang,China

Tianjin Drug Manufactory, China




Bear bile 1

Bear bile 1 3

Bear bile 1 3

Not controlled

Saiga antelope 1

Musk 1

Musk 3

Musk 3

Other versions of the product do not list bearbile as an ingredient.

"Yang Cheng" brand.

Other versions of this product list Saiga ante-lope horn as an ingredient.

"Great Wall" brand.

RAT:(90)-8091

RAT:(1982)108301


D

H

C

G

B

F

A

E


A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H


Teck Aun "Chi-Kit" Pills

Teck Aun "Chi-Kit" Pills

Nu Bao

Nu Bao

Nan Bao

TianMaDuZhongJiaoNang

TianMaWanJiaoNang

Chen Xiang Hua QiWan

Teck Aun Medical Fty Sdn Bhd, Malaysia

Teck Aun Medical Fty Sdn Bhd, Malaysia

Lisheng Pharmaceutical Factory, China






Saussurea 1

Not controlled

Wild Ass 1 3

Wild Ass 1 3

Wild Ass, Seahorse 1 3

Gastrodia 3

Gastrodia 2 3

Saussurea 1 3

"Eagle + Pagoda" brand.

"Eagle + Pagoda" brand.

RAT:(1991)0010Wild Ass, Equus a s i n u s, not controlled as aresult of the 12th Conference of the Parties.



RAT:ZZ-24869(1996)8083


D

H

C

G

B

F

A

E


A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H


Da Huo Luo Dan

Yang Rong Wan

Ban Xia Bai Shutian MaWan

Ning Sou Wan (CoughAllaying Pills)

GeJie Da Bu Wan

The ChineseAgkistrodon Acutus Pills

Shuang Loong Yuen

Diedayao Wang RevivalPill


Langzhou Fo Cl Herb Factory, China



Yulin Pharmaceutical Factory, China

China National Medicines & HealthProducts Import & Export Branch, China

Tai Yuet Tong Medicine Manufactory,Hong Kong


Tiger bone, Musk, Gastrodia,Rhinoceros horn 1

Wild Ass 1 2 3

Gastrodia 1 3

Dendrobium orchid 1 3

Cibotium 1 3

Pangolin 1 3

Tiger bone 1

Musk, Bear bile 1 3

RAT:(82)201-4



D

H

C

G

B

F

A

E


A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H


Lingshin Ginseng AntlerPai Feng Wan


Qiang Jin Zhu Ang GuPellet

Toh Chong Chin KutWan

Tong Bi Tablet

Liu Shen Wan

Tian Xian Capsule Pill

Rupi Xiao Pian

Kwan Tung Pak Yuen Tong Main Factory,Hong Kong



Kwangchow Medical Factory, China

Yan Tai Kang Ping PharmaceuticalFactory, China

Hu Qing Yu Tang Traditional ChinesePharmaceutical Factory, China

Tonghua White Mountain PharmaceuticalWorks, China


Wild Ass 1 3

Saiga antelope 3

Orchid

Tiger bone 1 3

Pangolin, Gastrodia 1 3

Musk 1

Musk 1

Rhinoceros horn 3

Wild Ass, Equus a s i n u s, not controlled as aresult of the 12th Conference of the Parties.

RAT:(1992)00705

RAT:(92)Z-02

RAT:(82)0048-01

RAT:(88)WYZiZ-14"Chun Hua Pai" brand.

RAT:(94)430060"Hin Chong" brand.


D

H

C

G

B

F

A

E


A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H


Ning Sou Wan (CoughAllaying Pills)

San She Tan Chui FengWan

DendrobiumMoniliforme Night SightPills (superior)

Chinese Chien Pu Wan


Condensed Heart Tonic

Tiger Deer Tonic Pill

China Tung Shueh Pills


United Pharmaceutical Manufactory,China

Tsinan Peoples Medicine Works, China

Kwangchow First Chinese MedicineFactory, China


Kwangchow Pharmaceutical IndustryCorp, China

Fatshan Union Medicine Works, China


Orchid 1

Asiatic cobra, Gastrodia(cobra 1) (gastrodia 3)

Rhinoceros horn, Saiga ante-lope horn, Dendrobium orchid1 3

Tiger bone 1 3

Musk, Bear bile, Tiger bone1 3

Bear bile, Musk, Rhinoceroshorn 1 3

Tiger penis 3

Tiger bone 1 3

RAT:(82)192-4

"Yang Cheng" brand.

"Sailing Boat" brand.


D

H

C

G

B

F

A

E


A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H


Extra Quality DuzhongHuGoWan Capsules

Fong Sei Ku Zhe Wan

Jian Bu Wan

Ginseng Jianbu HuQian Wan

Acne-Sweeping Pill

Strong Hua TuoRheumatism Wan

Kindo Dragon Pill

Chien Pu Hu ChienWan

Sichuan Company China NationalMedicines & Health Products Import &Export Corporation, China


Shanghai Native Medicine Works, China


Kwangchow Pharmaceuttical Industry Co,China



Beijing Tong Jen Tang, China

Gastrodia, Tiger bone 1

Tiger bone 3

Tiger bone 1 3

Tiger bone 3

Rhinoceros horn 1 3


Tiger bone 1 3

Tiger bone 1 3

"Chuan Jiang Pai" trademark.

"Rare Mushroom" brand.

"Sea" brand.


D

H

C

G

B

F

A

E


A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H


Kings Tonic (for man)

Shel-Rod RheumatismCapsules

Fong Sei Ku Zhe Wan

Shi-He Ming Yan Wan


Hu Ku Padon Wan

Rheumatism & HealthyPills

YishengTang ThreeSnakes GallbladderCapsule


Wah Yan Hing Chem Fty, Hong Kong



Yamoto Pharmaceutical Factory, HongKong

Sian Drug Works, China

Ching Chung Yuk Po Co, Hong Kong

Sheuzhen Yishengtang BiologicalProducts Co Ltd, China

Tiger penis, Bear penis 1 3

Tiger bone, Gastrodia 1

Tiger bone 1 3

Rhinoceros horn, Saiga ante-lope horn, Orchid 1 3

Tiger penis, Bear bile 1 3

Tiger bone 1 3


Cobra 1 3

"Pine Tree" brand.

"Yang Cheng" brand.


D

H

C

G

B

F

A

E


A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H


ChunYangZhenQi Wan

Male Tonic

Aluminium Hydroxideand Saussuria


Wei-Tai 999 Capsule

KaiXiong ShunQiWan(ShuiWan)


Tou Tong Pian



Shanghai Tian Ping PharmaceuticalFactory, China



Kaifeng Medical College Pharmaceuticalfactory, China


Sinitic Chinese Medicine Pte Ltd

Saussurea, Musk 1 3

Saiga antelope 3

Bletilia, Saussurea 1 3

Saussurea 3

Saussurea 1 3

Saussurea 3

Saussurea 3

Gastrodia 1 3

RAT:ZZ-0220(1991)150701

RAT:(1995)011046

RAT:ZZ-0172(1996)904003"999" brand.

RAT:(1994)904017"999" brand.

RAT:ZZ-0058(1995)104037


D

H

C

G

B

F

A

E


A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H



YueYueShue

Yan Shen Jai Jao Wan

Wan Ling Ren ShenChin Kuo Pill

Pill for InvigoratingSpleen & Intestines

XiongDan JiuXinDan

SuHe XiangWan






Guangzhou Chen Li Ji PharmaceuticalFactory, China

Shi Yi Tang Pharmaceutical Factory,China



Musk 3

Saussurea 3

Pangolin scales, Tiger bone,Gastrodia, Tortoise shell 1 3

Cistanche 1 3

Saussurea 1 3

Bear gall 3

Musk, Saussurea 3

Saiga antelope horn, Musk,Hawksbill turtle 3

Musk is also listed in Korean.

RAT:ZZ-5475(1996)034070

The tortoise refered to is likely to be a fresh-water turtle. Refere to CITES, EU regulationsand national legislation."Chu Kiang" brand.

RAT:ZZ-5391(1994)112051

RAT:ZZ-3448(1991)200207"Shiyitang" brand.

RAT:Z-0195(1995)040045

RAT:ZZ-4298(1996)056901


D

H

C

G

B

F

A

E


A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H


HuoXinWan


Guu Tong Wan

Natural Gastrodia ElataBlume and LingzhiCapsule

Mongnan Tianbao Pills

Bear Bile Heart SavingPill (Xiongdan Jiuxin Dan)

Chang Chun ForProlonging Life Capsule

Xiong Zhi Bao




Dujun Guizhou, China

Fujian Quanzhou Yatai Preparation CoLtd, China

Heilongjiang Hei Bao Medicine Co Ltd

Li Yuan Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd

Not written in English on the packaging,Tokyo, Japan

Bear gall, Musk 3

Saiga antelope hon,Dendrobium orchid 3

Tiger bone 3

Gastrodia orchid


Bear Bile, Musk, Radix Ginseng

Seahorse


RAT:ZZ-5422(1994)121160

RAT:ZZ-0096(1981)1609

"Lu Ye" trademark.

RAT:Z23020430"Hei Bao" trademark.

RAT:(1996)630135


D

H

C

G

B

F

A

E


A

B

C

D


Kien Shen Wang

Shi He Ming Yan Wan

Nourishing Male

Hon San Potency PillsAncient ChineseFormulation

Bak Cao Tong (HK) Chinese HerbsManufactures & Trading Ltd, Hong Kong

Guangzhou First Chinese MedicineFactory, China


Han Sheng Tang, China


Dendrobium orchid, Cistanchesstem

Seahorse

Seahorse

"Bak Cao Tong" trademark.

"Zhen Hai Lou Pai".

RAT:(1996)041067"Zi Jin Shan" trademark.


DCBA

A

B

C

D

E

F


Pilulae CortisEucommiae et OssisTogris

DuZhong HuGu Wan



Laryngitis Pills

Laryngitis Pills

Guiyang Chinese Medicine Factory, China




Chengdu Traditional ChinesePharmaceutical Factory, China

Szechuan Provincial PharmaceuticalFactory, China

Tiger bone 3

Tiger bone 1 3

Tiger bone 3

Not controlled

Bear gall, Musk 1 3

Bear gall, Musk 1 3

RAT:(1982)203"Qianglipai" brand.

RAT:(1995)024003Ref: Q/WS-1-25-80.

Picture of tiger on packaging and Chinesecharacter but not listed in the ingredients.

RAT:(1981)001440


CBA

FED


A

B

C

D

E

F


Laryngitis Pills

Xiong Dan Jiao NangCapsula Bears Gall

Bear's Bile Capsules

XiangShaYangWeiWan

XiangShaYangWeiWan

LingYang GanMaoJiaoNang

China Sichuan Provincial PharmaceuticalWorks, China

Zhangfeng Pharmaceutical Factory, China

Zhangfeng Pharmaceutical Factory, China




Rhinoceros horn, Bear gall,Musk 1 3

Bear gall 1 2 3

Bear bile 1 2 3

Saussurea 3

Saussurea 3

Saiga antelope2 3

"Chuan Jiang Pai" trademark.

RAT:(93)59Z2017Ref: WS3-09-(B-09)-89. "PICC" trademark.

RAT:ZZ-4622(1995)002017

RAT:ZZ-0267(1984)054121

RAT:ZZ-0267(1984)054121

RAT:ZZ-3225(1996)052502


CBA

FED


A

B

C

D

E

F







Lingyang GanmaoPian






Yi Kang Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Guangdong

Saiga antelope 3

Saiga antelope 3

Saiga antelope 2 3

Saiga antelope 2 3

Saiga antelope 2 3

Saiga antelope horn

RAT:ZZ-3225(1996)052501"Hu He" brand.

RAT:(1983)304131

RAT:ZZ-3225-(1996)052502

RAT:ZZ-3225(1994)304131

RAT:Z44020895"M" trademark.


CBA

FED


A

B

C

D

E

F


LingYangGanMaoPian

Bushen KangleJiaonang

Hai Ma Shu XiongPiamn

Shenrongbian Wan

Jilin Chiang BienWan

Li Bu Jin QinCapsule (Libu Jinqiu

Jiaonang)


Bei Lin Chinese Medicine Factory, Xi'an

Beihai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, China

Dailan Traditional Chinese MedicineFactory of Shandong, China

China Jilin Provincial Medicines & HealthProducts Import and Export Corporation,China

Luo Yang Ocean Pharmaceutical Co Ltd

Saiga antelope 2 3

Seahorse, Turtle shell

No CITES specis according toexplantion note

Seahorse



RAT:ZZ-4217(1994)602083

RAT:(1987)000830"Bei Lin" trademark. Turtle is likely to be aspecies of soft shell turtle.

RAT:(1984)030027

RAT:(82)6-27

"Venus" trademark.

RAT:B20020233"Venus" trademark.


CBA

FED


A

B

C

D

E

F


MuXiangShungiWan

Zhuang Gu GuanJieWan

Da Huo Luo Dan

Da Huo Luo Dan

Da Huo Luo Dan

Liu Shen Wan


Pharmaceutical Sanjiu Factory (M) Bhd

Harmonia L Naturalesa, PrincipatD'Andorra




Saussurea 2 3

Cibotium, Saussurea 3

Musk, Rhinoceros horn 1

Musk, Rhinoceros horn, Tigerbone 1 3

Musk, Rhinoceros horn, Tigerbone 1 3

Musk 3

"999" brand.

Repackaged in Andorra.

RAT:(93)0107-1


CBA

FED


A

B

C

D

E

F


LiuShenWan

Lu-Shen-Wan

LiuShen Wan

An Kong Niu HuangWan (On Kung Pill)

An Kong Niu HuangWan

Bo Ying Tan






Chaisengtong Pharmaceutical FactoryLtd, Hong Kong

Musk 3

Musk 1

Musk 3


Musk, Rhinoceros horn 1 3

Gastrodia, Monkey bezoar Leaflet enclosed refers to monkey bezoarpowder but this is not listed in the ingredients.


CBA

FED


A

B

C

D

E

F


Bo Ying Pills

Tung Shueh Pills

Unknown TumorPellet

Strong Man Bao

Nan Bao

Nan Bao

Eu Yan Sang, Hong Kong

Ta Ang Pharmaceutical Company,. Taiwan

Sinjiang Chinese MedicinePharmaceutical Factory, China




Musk 1

Tiger bone 1

Bear bile, Musk 1 3

Seahorse 1 3



"Cows Head" brand.

RAT:(83)47-063

Ref: 833938.

RAT:ZZ-5565(1998)1272

RAT:ZZ-5565(1998)1272


CBA

FED


A

B

C

D

E

F


Strong Xiao Jin Tan

Strong Xiao Jin Tan

Seal Pen Pen Pills

Strong snake PenisWan

Strong Snake PenisWan

Xi Huang Wan

China National Medicine & HealthProducts Import & Export Corporation,China

China National Medicine & HealthProducts Import & Export Corporation,China

Kwan Tung Bai Yuen Tong Factory, HongKong


China National Chemical Import & ExportCorporation Guangdon Branch

Proprietary Chinese Medicine of Beijing,China

Musk 1 3

Musk 2 3

Tiger penis 1 3



Musk 1 3

"Yang Cheng" brand.

Species of cistanche used is Cistanche deser-ticola.

"Yang Cheng" brand.


CBA

FED


A

B

C

D

E

F


Pearl Ming Yan Wan

Engergol-Ma

Qiangli ShxziangHuKu Zhuifeng Wan

Xiang Sha YangWeiWan

Lingchih GinsengAntler Pai Feng Wan

XiangShaYangWeiWan


Maharishi Ayurveda Corporation Ltd, India

Guangdong Fushan Pharmaceutical Lab,China


Kwan Tung Bai Yuen Tong Factory, HongKong


Orchid, Bear gall, Saiga ante-lope horn, Rhinoceros horn1 (rhino horn 1 3)

Saussurea 1

Musk, Tiger bone, Gastrodia1 3

Saussurea 3

Wild Ass 1 3

Saussurea 3

"Sailing Boat" brand.

RAT:(1996)020073


RAT:ZZ-0267(1982)065002"Zhongcaizhou" brand.


CBA

FED


A

B

C

D

E

F


QiangliTianMaDuZhongWan

Capsulae Bearbile

Capsule of Bear Gall

Mu Xiang Shun QiWan

QingliTianMaDu-ZhongWan

606 Specific XiaoYan Wan


Kunming Jindian Pharmaceutical Factory,China




China National Chemicals Import + ExportCorporation, China

Gastrodia 2 3

Bear bile 1 3

Bear gall 3

Saussurea 2

Gastrodia 3

Musk, Bear, Cyclamen1 3

RAT:ZZ-2842(1996)4500

RAT:(1995)001366

RAT:ZZ-4622(1998)ZF-188"Chun Chen" brand.

RAT:(1984)607054

RAT:(92)430147


CBA

FED


A

B

C

D

E

F


Golden GunCapsules

Golden GunCapsules


Kam Tau To MaleTonic

Foi Chan Dan






Ma Pak Leung Co Ltd, China


Alligator/crocodile penis, Bearpenis 3

Alligator/crocodile penis, Bearpenis 3

Tiger penis 3

Tiger penis 3

Rhinoceros horn, Gastrodia,Musk 1 3

Bear gall 3 RAT:ZZ-4622(1998)ZF-188


CBA

FED


A

B

C

D

E

F


QingliTianMaDuZhongWan


Zhen Nao Ning JiaoNang


XiangShaYangWeiWan

XiangShaYangWeiWan



Tong Hua Dong Bao Group


Henan Wanxi Pharmaceutical Co Ltd,China


Gastrodia 2 3

Saussurea 3

Gastrodia 1

Cistanche deserticola 3

Saussurea 1 2 3

Saussurea 3

RAT:(1997)034028"Sunyear" brand.

RAT:ZZ-5470(2001)Z000396

RAT:ZZ-4177(1996)034035"Tasen" brand.

RAT:ZZ-0267(1999)0228


CBA

FED


A

B

C

D

E

F


QianLi TianMaDuzhong JiaoNang

BaoJi Wan


HongHuaQingXiaoShouShen


FuFangBanMaoJiaoNang

Shenyang Shenlong Drug Industry Co Ltd






Gastrodia 2 3

Saussurea 3

Saussurea 3

Cistanche 3

Bear gall 3

Bear gall 3

RAT:ZZ-2840(1996)0208

RAT:ZZ-5407(1994)119009

RAT:(96)1083"Xua NTE" brand.

RAT:ZZ-3448(1991)200207Bear gall as an ingredient is inferred in thetitle. "Shi Yi Tang" brand.

RAT:ZZ-5249(1999)ZF-151"Hil'an" brand.


CBA

FED


A

B

C

D

E

F




FuFangBanMaoJiaoNang

ZhuangYaoJianShenPian

XiangShaYangWeiWan

BaBaoDan







Bear gall 3

Bear gall 3

Bear gall 3

Cibotium 3

Saussurea 1 2 3

Musk 1 3

RAT:ZZ-4622(1998)ZF-225

"Hil'an" brand.

RAT:ZZ-5249 ZZ20000159"Luzhong" brand.

RAT:ZZ-4494(1996)4103

RAT:ZZ-4177(1996)034035

RAT:(94)Z-84"Ding Lu" brand.


CBA

FED


A

B

C

D

E


Leung See Sea DogPills

Rhinoceros &Antelope HornFebrifugal Tablets

Haima Sanshen Pill

China Mang Num

Bushen YiqiJiaonang



Harbin Shiyitang Pharmaceutical Factory,China

Zhong Mei Joint Venture, Rui Fu XiangPharmaceutical Co Ltd

Tai Hua Tang Pharmaceuticals Ltd

Seahorse 3

Rhinoceros horn, Saiga ante-lope horn 1 3

Seahorse


Cistanche stem

"Zhan Qiao Pai" brand.

(1993)300152"Shi Yi Tang" trademark.

"Meng Nan, Jason" trademark.

B20020181"Tai Hua Tang" trademark.


CBA

ED


A

Ang Gong Niu Huang Wan Angong Niuhuang Wan

C

Chu Pai Pao Ying TanChui Feng Su Ho Wan

D

Da Huo Luo DanDaHuo LuoDanDaHuo LuoWanDaHuoLuo DanDaHuoLuo WanDendrobium Moniliforme Night Sight PillsDendrobium Moniliforme Night Sight PillsDendrobium Moniliforme Night Sight PillsDendrobium Moniliforme Night Sight PillsDendrobium Moniliforme Night Sight PillsDragon Pills

H

Hsiung Tan Tieh Ta Wan

L

Lignum Aquitaria Diarrhoea and Vomiting PillsLingqiao Jiedu WanLui Wei Ba San Wan

M

Maren RunChang Wan

N

Niu Huang Chin Hsin WanNiu Huang Ching Hsin WanNiu Huang Ching Hsin WanNiu Huang Ching Hsin Wan (Bezoar Antifebrile Pills)Niu Huang Jiang Ya Wan

3.53.5

3.103.9

3.23.23.23.63.33.83.33.83.33.83.5

3.3

3.113.113.9

3.10

3.73.13.73.63.7

DC

CE

BCADDCBBAAB

F

CBF

A

FEDFE

Niu Huang Qingxin WanNiuHuang JiangYaWanNiuHuang JiangYaWanNiuHuang JiangYaWan

P

Panax Ginseng Revival PillPao Ying TanPregnant Woman's Treasures

R

Renshen Jianpi WanRhinoceros & Antelope Horn Febrifugal Tablets

S

ShiHu Yeguang WanStrong Tze Pao Sanpien PillsStrong Tze Pao Sanpien Pills

T

Ta Huo Lo TanTa Huo Lo TanTa Huo Lo TanTa Huo Lo TanTa Huo Lo TanTa Huo Lo TanTong Ren Da HuoLuo DanTong Ren DaHuoLuo DanTong Ren NiuHuang QingXin WanTong Ren NiuHuang QingXin WanTongRen DaHuoLuo DanTze Pao San Pien WanTze Pao San Pien WanTze Pao San Pien WanTze Pao San Pien WanTzepao Sanpien PillsTzu Hsuer TanTzuHsueh Tan

3.13.73.73.7

3.43.43.2

3.113.2

3.93.43.11

3.63.63.63.13.13.23.13.13.13.13.63.43.43.83.83.33.53.5

FABC

DAF

AH

BFD

ABCHGDABCDEGHDEEGH

MEDICINE BALLS Medicine Balls Index 1


W

Woo Whang Chong Shim WonWood Lok PillsWu Ji Bai Feng Bolus

X

Xi Jiao Hua Du Wan

Y

Yan Shen Jai Jao WanYan Shen Jai Jao Wan

Z

Zai Zao WanZai Zao WanZhi Wei Yao ChaZhu Po Bao Ying DanZhu Po Bao Ying DanZixue Dan

3.123.23.10

3.9

3.93.4

3.53.113.93.33.103.11

AED

D

CC

AFAGEE

MEDICINE BALLS Medicine Balls Index 2

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H


Tong Ren Da HuoLuoDan

Tong Ren DaHuoLuo Dan

Tong Ren NiuHuangQingXin Wan

Tong Ren NiuHuangQingXin Wan

Niu Huang Ching HsinWan

Niu Huang Qingxin Wan

Ta Huo Lo Tan

Ta Huo Lo Tan

Beijing Tong Ren Tang GroupCorporation, China

Tong Ren Tang Pharmaceutical Factory,China

Beijing Tong Ren Tang Pharmaceutical Factory, China

Tong Ren Tang Pharmaceutical Factory,China

Beijing Ton Ren Tang, China

China Beijing Tong Ren Tang GroupCorporation, China

Beijing Tongren Tang, China

Beijing Tong Ren Tang SecondPharmaceutical Factory, China

Gastrodia, Musk 1 3

Gastrodia, Musk 2 3

Saiga antelope, Musk 1 3

Musk, Saiga antelope horn 1 3

Saiga antelope horn,Rhinoceros horn, Musk 1 3

Musk, Saiga antelope 1 3

Tiger bone, Musk, Rhinoceroshorn, Gastrodia 1 3

Rhinoceros horn, Tiger bone,Musk, Gastrodia, Saussurea1 3

RAT:(1996)001173

RAT:Zi-(1996)001178

RAT:(1996)0011778

RAT:(80)845

RAT:(93)309

RAT:(80)848

MEDICINE BALLS Medicine Balls 3.1


D

H

C

G

B

F

A

E

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H


DaHuo LuoWan

Da Huo Luo Dan

DaHuo LuoDan

Ta Huo Lo Tan

Wood Lok Pills

Pregnant Woman'sTreasures


Rhinoceros & AntelopeHorn Febrifugal Tablets


Guangdong Li Ji Pharmaceutical Factory,China

Suzhou Lei Yun Shang PharmaceuticalFactory, China

Beijing Tung Jen Tang, China

Shung Fat See Medicine Company, HongKong



Hung Chi Tang Pharmaceutical Works,China

Gastrodia, Leopard bone,Tortoise plastron 3

Musk 1 3

Tortoise 1

Tiger bone, Musk, Gastrodia,Saussurea, Tortoise shell1 3


Wild Ass 1 3

Cibotium 3

Rhinoceros horn, Saiga ante-lope horn 1 3

RAT:ZZ-?068(1996)0152 The tortoise referredto is likely to be freshwater turtle. Refer toCITES, EU requlations and national legislation.

RAT:(82)A12-012

Species of tortoise not known but likely to bea freshwater turtle. Refer to CITES, EU requla-tions and national legislation.

Tortoise shell is likely to be a freshwater turtle.Refer to CITES, EU requlations and nationallegislation.


RAT:ZZ-2524(1994)112013



D

H

C

G

B

F

A

E

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H



DendrobiumMoniliforme Night Sight Pills


DaHuoLuo Wan

Tzepao Sanpien Pills

Hsiung Tan Tieh TaWan

Zhu Po Bao Ying Dan



Tsinan People's Medicine Works Tsinan,China


Chongqing Tong Jun Ge PharmaceuticalFactory, China

Yantai Pharmaceutical Factory, China




Rhinoceros horn, Saiga ante-lope horn, Dendrobium orchid1 3

Dendrobium orchid, Cistanche stem

Tiger bone 3

Tiger bone, Musk, Gastrodia1 3

Seahorse 1 3

Bear bile 1

Musk 1

Rhinoceros horn, Tiger bone 3


RAT:(85)114

RAT:(90)8040

"Yang Cheng" brand.

RAT:(1982)05067



D

H

C

G

B

F

A

E

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H


Pao Ying Tan



Panax Ginseng RevivalPill


Strong Tze Pao Sanpien Pills

Tze Pao San Pien Wan

Tze Pao San Pien Wan




Yun Nan-Feng Chong PharmaceuticalFactory, China



Yantai Traditional Chinese MedicineFactory of Shandong, China


Musk, Gastrodia 1 3

Rhinoceros penis, Musk 3

Gastrodia 1

Tiger bone, Rhinoceros horn 3

Tiger bone, Musk, Gastrodia 3


Seahorse, Agarwood, Cistanchestem

Seahorse, Agarwood, Cistanchestem

"Yang Cheng" brand.

"Chu Kiang" brand.

RAT:(92)10z-687

RAT:(82)0713"Shen gu pai" brand.

"Tian Tan Pai" trademark.

"Zhong Ya" trademark.

RAT:(1998)003202"Zhong Ya" trademark.



D

H

C

G

B

F

A

E

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H


Zai Zao Wan

Dragon Pills

Angong Niuhuang Wan

Ang Gong Niu HuangWan



Tzu Hsuer Tan

TzuHsueh Tan

Beijing Tong Ren Tang PharmaceuticalFactory

Nanning Leung Yee Hin Medicine Mfy Ltd.

China Beijing Ton Ren Tang HoldingCorp, China

China Beijing Tong Ren Tang HoldingsCorp, China


Chan Li Medical Factory (HK) Ltd, HongKong



Aquilaria, Gastrodia

Seahorse

Musk 1 3

Musk 1 3


Not controlled

Musk, Rhinoceros horn, Saigaantelope horn 1 3

Musk, Saiga antelope horn,Rhinoceros horn 1 3

RAT:(93)310

RAT:(1994)0009

RAT:ZZ-0176(1996)010077

RAT:ZZ-0176(1996)010077

RAT:(1982)90002

"Yang Cheng" brand.



D

H

C

G

B

F

A

E

A

B

C

D

E

F


Ta Huo Lo Tan

Ta Huo Lo Tan

Ta Huo Lo Tan

DaHuoLuo Dan

TongRen DaHuoLuo Dan

Niu Huang Ching HsinWan (Bezoar AntifebrilePills)



Beijing Tong Ren Tang PharmaceuticalFactory, China

Beijing Ton Rentang PharmaceuticalFactory, China


Peking Tung Jen Tang, China

Musk, Gastrodia, Sausurea 1

Musk, Gastrodia, Saussurea,Tiger bone 1

Musk, Gastrodia, Saussurea1 3

Gastrodia, Saussurea 1 3

Aquilaria, Saussurea, Gastrodia

Saiga antelope horn,Rhinoceros horn, Musk 1 3

RAT:(80)848

Ingredients listed on the packaging and theenclosed leaflet are different.

RAT:(93)312"Tong Ren Tang" trademark.

RAT:(80)845



CBA

FED

A

B

C

D

E

F


NiuHuang JiangYaWan

NiuHuang JiangYaWan

NiuHuang JiangYaWan

Niu Huang Ching HsinWan

Niu Huang Jiang YaWan

Niu Huang Chin HsinWan

Tianjin Darentang PharmaceuticalFactory, China



Wuchou Drug Manufactory, China

Beijing Tong Ren Tang 2ndPharmaceutical Factory, China

Nanking Drug Manufactory, China

Saiga antelope 3

Saiga antelope 3

Saiga antelope 3

Rhinoceros horn powder, Musk1

Saiga antelope 3

Musk, Rhinoceros horn1 3

RAT:ZZ-0116(191)0502

RAT:ZZ-0077(191)0502

RAT:ZZ-0116(191)0502

RAT:(90)447



CBA

FED

A

B

C

D

E

F





Tze Pao San Pien Pills

Tze Pao San Pien Pills



Tsinan People's Medicine Works Tsinan,China





Saiga antelope horn,Rhinoceros horn, Orchid 1 3

Dendrobium Orchid, Cistanchestem

Saiga antelope horn,Dendrobium orchid 1 3

Same product name as 00690

Seahorse, Agarwood, Cistanchestem,

Rhinoceros horn 3


Enclosed leaflet also lists rhinoceros horn asan ingredient. "Great Wall" brand.

"Zhong Ya" trademark.

RAT:(1998)003202"Zhong Ya" trademark.

RAT:(90)0057



CBA

FED

A

B

C

D

E

F


Zhi Wei Yao Cha

ShiHu Yeguang Wan


Xi Jiao Hua Du Wan

Chui Feng Su Ho Wan

Lui Wei Ba San Wan


China Beijing Tong Ren Tang GroupCorporation, China




Not written in English on the packaging.Distributed by Perubatan Prima Sdn Bhd,Malaysia

Saiga antelope horn, Orchid 3

Dendrobium orchid, Saiga ante-lope 1 3


Rhinoceros horn 2 3

Musk, Gastrodia, Rhinoceros horn 1 3

Tiger bone, Tiger penis 1

RAT:(92)149

RAT:ZZ-0135(1996)001023

"Chu Kiang" brand.

RAT:(80)1369

"Yang Cheng" brand.

"Shenbo" trademark.



CBA

FED

A

B

C

D

E

F


Maren RunChang Wan


Chu Pai Pao Ying Tan

Wu Ji Bai Feng Bolus

Zhu Po Bao Ying Dan


China beijing Tong Ren Tang Group Corp,China



Chen Li Ji Pharmaceutical Factory, China



Saussurea 1 3

Tiger bone 3

Musk, Gastrodia 1 3

Turtle 1

Musk, Gastrodia 1 3

Saiga antelope 3

RAT;ZZ-0333-Jing-Wei-Yao-Zhun-Zi(1996)-001050

RAT:(81)10-017

RAT:ZZ-0122(1996)112007Species of turtle not known but likely to be afreshwater. Refer to CITES, EU requlationsand national legislation.

RAT:(1982)005607

RAT:ZZ-2145(90)417



CBA

FED

A

B

C

D

E

F


Renshen Jianpi Wan

Lingqiao Jiedu Wan

Lignum AquitariaDiarrhoea and VomitingPills

Strong Tze PaoSanpien Pills

Zixue Dan

Zai Zao Wan

Beijing Tong Ren Tang Limited Company,China


Hong Kong Pharmaceutical Factory


Guang Zhou United PharmaceuticalFactory, China


Saussurea 1 3

Antelope horn 3

Agarwood, Saussurea root


Saiga antelope horn, Musk,Saussurea, Agarwood

Aquilaria, Gastrodia

RAT:ZZ-0033(1996)001059

"Wintex Tong" trademark.

"Tian Tan Pai" trademark.

"Yang Cheng" trademark.

RAT:(93)310



CBA

FED

A


Woo Whang ChongShim Won

Kwang Dong Pharm Co Ltd, Korea Musk, Saiga antelope 1 3



A

4.1

4.24.24.24.2

4.3

4.3

4.2

4.2

B

ABCD

B

A

F

E

RESIN BLOCKS Resin Blocks Index 1

Product name Page(s) L e t t e r ( s )C

Cao Khi

E

E JiaoE JiaoE JiaoE Jiao

F

Foo Kow Yok Wong

H

How Kow Yok Wong

M

Monkey Bone Paste

W

Wu Shen Bao Xin Jiao

A

B



Cao Khi


Not written in English on the packaging,Vietnam

Tiger bone or Monkey bone 3

Monkey 3

Several different types of this product, somedo not list the controlled species in the ingredi-ents, different species in the ingredients butpackaging very similar to the one illustrated.The Chinese characters must be checked todetermine species.

RESIN BLOCKS Resin Blocks 4.1


BA

A

B

C

D

E

F


E Jiao

E Jiao

E Jiao

E Jiao

Wu Shen Bao Xin Jiao

Monkey Bone Paste







Wild Ass 3

Wild Ass 2 3

Wild Ass 2 3

Wild Ass 3

Wild Ass 3

Monkey bone 1 2 3


RAT:(95)716-7Wild Ass, Equus a s i n u s, not controlled as aresult of the 12th Conference of the Parties.

RAT:ZZ-0215(1995)007201Wild Ass, Equus a s i n u s, not controlled as aresult of the 12th Conference of the Parties.





CBA

FED

A

B


How Kow Yok Wong

Foo Kow Yok Wong

Chew Wan Medical Hall Sdn Bhd,Malaysia

Chew Wan Medical Hall Sdn Bhd,Malaysia

Monkey bone 3

Cibotium

Picture of a monkey on the packaging but notlisted in the ingredients.

Picture of a tiger on the packaging but not list-ed in the ingredients.



BA

B

Ba Bao Jing Feng SanBat Po Keng Foong PowderBear Bile PowderBearcall Powder (Xiong Dan Fen)Bo Ying CompoundBo Ying CompoundBoYing PillsBoYing Pills

C

Chu Pai Hou Tsao SanCornu Antel Opis Powder

D

Dried Bear's Bile

E

Erke Qili San

H

Hei Bao Bear Bile PowderHei Bao Bear Bile PowderHei Bao Bear Bile PowderHou Tsao PowderHou Tsao San for InfantsHou Zao SanHui Chun DanHui Chun TanHui Chun TanHui Chun Tan Chu Pai Bird NestHuo Zao San

J

Jawarish Jalinus

L

Ling Yang Jiao Fen

5.45.45.85.25.35.35.35.3

5.65.7

5.8

5.5

5.25.25.85.85.35.75.55.45.65.45.7

5.1

5.6

DCDCABDE

AA

C

E

ABBEFBFFFEC

G

C

Ling Yang Jiao FenLing Yang Jiao FenLing Yang Qing Fei SanLingYang JiaoFen

M

Monkey Bezoar Powder

P

Pak Cheong Tong's Hou-Cho PowderPo Ying DanPowo Tong's Chu Pah Hou Cho San

S

Swallow Nest Magacitae amber Bo Yin DanSwallow Nest Magacitae Amber Chut Lee San

T

Tortoise and Snakes PowderTsu HsuehTzu Hseuh

X

Xi Lei SanXilei SanXileisanXiong Dan FenXiong Dan FenXiong Dan Fen (Bear Bile Powder)

Y

Ya-Hom PowderYa-Hom PowderYim Shea San - Formula

5.65.65.65.5

5.1

5.85.85.7

5.45.4

5.15.15.7

5.15.15.75.25.25.8

5.15.55.1

DEBD

F

AFF

BA

HCD

EDECDD

AAB

POWDERS Powders Index 1


A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H


Ya-Hom Powder

Yim Shea San -Formula

Tsu Hsueh

Xilei San

Xi Lei San

Monkey Bezoar Powder

Jawarish Jalinus

Tortoise and SnakesPowder

Five Pagodas Pharmacy Co Ltd, Thailand

Chin Shin Tong, Hong Kong




Eu Yan Sang (Hong Kong) Ltd, HongKong

Hamdard laboratories (waqf), Pakistan

Suzhou Langlifu Heath Food Co Ltd,China

Saussurea 1

Musk 1


Elephant ivory 3

Elephant ivory 3

Monkey bezoar 1 3

Saussurea 1

Tortoise, snakes see notes

RAT:L2012566

RAT:(80)865

RAT:ZZ-2483(1996)056302

RAT:ZZ-2438(1996)056302

POWDERS Powders 5.1

RAT:ZL97106310.9The tortoise referred to is likely to be a freshwaterturtle. The snake species used are not controlledin this format. Refer to CITES, EU requlations andnational legislation.

POWDERS Powders 5.1

CBA

E

D

GF H

A

B

C

D

E


Hei Bao Bear BilePowder


Bearcall Powder(Xiong Dan Fen)

Xiong Dan Fen


Bear Farm of Mudanjiang Hei BaoMedicine Group

Bear Farm of Mudanjiang Hei BaoMedicine Group

Rare Animal Farm of LongChuan,Yunnan, China

Tong Ba Pharmaceutical Factory ofSichuan, China


Bear bile 1 3

Bear bile 1 3

Bear Bile

Bear Bile

Musk, Monkey 3

RAT:(98)Z-013Ref: (98)Wei-Yao-Zhun Zi-Z-13.

RAT:(90)Wei-Yao-Zhun-Zi Z13

RAT:(92)Z-62"Jin Ta" trademark.

RAT:(90)Z-22"Huang Long" trademark.

POWDERS Powders 5.2

POWDERS Powders 5.2

CBA

E

D

A

B

C

D

E

F


Bo Ying Compound

Bo Ying Compound


BoYing Pills

BoYing Pills

Hou Tsao San forInfants







Gastrodia 1

Gastrodia 1

Monkey gallstone 3

Musk 1 3

Musk 1 3

Musk 1 3

Other versions of the product also list Musk asan ingredient

Other versions of the product also list Musk asan ingredient.

RAT:(84)A16-056

"Yang Cheng" brand.

POWDERS Powders 5.3

POWDERS Powders 5.3

CBA

FED

A

B

C

D

E

F


Swallow NestMagacitae Amber ChutLee San

Swallow NestMagacitae amber BoYin Dan

Bat Po Keng FoongPowder

Ba Bao Jing Feng San

Hui Chun Tan Chu PaiBird Nest

Hui Chun Tan



Hong Kong Huang Lam Tong


Beijing Pharmaceutical Industry Co, China

Beijing Pharmaceutical Industry Co, China

Gastrodia 1 3

Musk 1 3

Musk, Gastrodia 1 3

Musk 3

Saussurea, Gastrodia 1 3

Saussurea, Gastrodia 1 3

"CT" brand.

"CT" brand.

"Xiong Shi Pao" brand.

POWDERS Powders 5.4

POWDERS Powders 5.4

CBA

FED

A

B

C

D

E

F


Ya-Hom Powder



LingYang JiaoFen

Erke Qili San

Hui Chun Dan

Five Pagodas Pharmacy Co Ltd, Thailand






Saussurea 1

Gastrodia, Musk 1 3

Saiga antelope 3

Saiga antelope 2 3

Musk 3

Musk

Picture of a musk pod on the box.

RAT:(1982)119049

RAT:(1995)601058

RAT:(82)F1-052

POWDERS Powders 5.5

POWDERS Powders 5.5

CBA

FED

A

B

C

D

E

F


Chu Pai Hou Tsao San

Ling Yang Qing Fei San

Ling Yang Jiao Fen

Ling Yang Jiao Fen

Ling Yang Jiao Fen

Hui Chun Tan







Monkey gallstone

Saiga antelope 2 3

Saiga antelope 2 3

Saiga antelope 2 3

Saiga antelope 2 3

Musk, Gastrodia 1

RAT:(1987)165108

RAT:(1987)165108

RAT:(1996)064101

"Yang Cheng" brand.

POWDERS Powders 5.6

POWDERS Powders 5.6

CBA

FED

A

B

C

D

E

F


Cornu Antel OpisPowder

Hou Zao San

Huo Zao San

Tzu Hseuh

Xileisan

Powo Tong's Chu PahHou Cho San


Qixing Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, China

Qixing Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, China

Peking Toung Jen Tang, China


Po Wo Tong Pharmaceutical Ltd

Saiga antelope 1 3

Monkey 3

Musk 3


Elephant ivory 3

Monkey pads 1 3

RAT:(1995)076004

RAT:(1982)115025

RAT:(1995)115025

POWDERS Powders 5.7

POWDERS Powders 5.7

CBA

FED

A

B

C

D

E

F


Pak Cheong Tong'sHou-Cho Powder


Dried Bear's Bile

Xiong Dan Fen (BearBile Powder)

Hou Tsao Powder

Po Ying Dan



Ping Bian Pharmaceutical Factory ofYunnan, China

Ping Bian Pharmaceutical Factory ofYunnan, China

Wai Yuen Tong Medicine Medicine CoLtd, Hong Kong

Wai Yuen Tong Medicine Medicine CoLtd, Hong Kong

Musk, Monkey pads 1 3

Bear bile / gall 1 3

Bear bile

Bear bile

Monkey beazoar powder,Gastrodia 1 3

Gastrodia 1 3

RAT:(98)Z-013Bear bile is shown in English in the title andbear gall is shown in Chinese characters.

"Da Wei Shan" trademark.

RAT:(92)32Z-0182"Da Wei Shan" trademark.

POWDERS Powders 5.8

POWDERS Powders 5.8

CBA

FED

101B101B Formula101B Formula101D101D101D Fabao

B

Bachlong Thuy (Tri Ho,Suyen)Bao Ji Oral SolutionBear Bile Eye DropsBear Bile Eye DropsBear Bile Gan Tai Oral LiquidBear Bile Scutellaria Eye Drops (Xiongdan Huangqin Diyanye)Bear Gall WineBear's Bile

C

Cerebix LiquidCheryani TailaCheryani TailaCobra WineCobratonicCompound Bear Bile Eye Drops

D

Dhantara TailaDie Da Wan Hua OilDie Ha Wan Hua Oil

H

Hai Ma JiuHu Gu JiuHuGu MuGua JiuHuo Luo Medicated Oil

I

Imperial Shou Wu Gin

6.36.36.36.46.46.3

6.56.106.96.96.96.46.96.9

6.66.66.66.76.76.3

6.66.36.3

6.66.26.26.8

6.10

GEFABH

FCCDBDAE

ABECBB

CDC

HDCF

B

J

Jin Hai Ma

K

Koflet Siroop

L

Leung Wah Medicated Liquid

M

Mao She Xiang San Xiong Dan Rheumatic OilMedicated WineMoschus Bone-Setting SolutionMusk Dai Hou Luo OilMusk Rheumatic OilMusk Rheumatic OilMusk RheumaticOilMusk RheumaticOilMusk RheumaticOilMusk Tiger Bone Rheumatic Oil

P

Pangolin golde-Coin Tortoise Extractum

Q

Qin Yang Chun Hai Ma Jiu

R

Relaxed Wanderer

S

ShenBaoHeJiShu Jin LuSnake Wine Real Speciality of Vietnam

6.7

6.4

6.6

6.56.26.86.56.86.86.86.86.86.2

6.5

6.7

6.8

6.56.56.7

D

E

G

CAGAEADBCE

D

G

H

HBA

LIQUIDSLiquids Index 1


T

Tac Ke Hai MaTac Ke Hai MaThe Bodihidharma Medical OilTianma ShouWu ShampooTiger Bone-Ginseng-Pilose Antler LiquorTiger Bone-Ginseng-Pilose Antler LiquorTincture of Tiger BoneTincture of Tiger Bone CompTincture of Tiger Bone CompTri Ho, Suyen

V

Vilapas TailaVilapas Taila

W

Whale SpermWhale Sperm

X

XiaoerqingrejiedukofuyeXiong Dan JiuXiong Dan JiuXiong Dan Kou Fu YeXiongdan Huangqin Diyanye

Z

ZhangYiSan

6.76.76.46.56.16.16.26.16.16.5

6.66.6

6.46.4

6.106.26.36.96.4

6.4

EFHECDBGHF

DF

FG

AHAFD

C

LIQUIDSLiquids Index 2

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H




Tiger Bone-Ginseng-Pilose Antler Liquor

Tiger Bone-Ginseng-Pilose Antler Liquor



Tincture of Tiger BoneComp

Tincture of Tiger BoneComp



Harbin Chinese Medicine Factory No2,China

Harbin Chinese Medicine Factory No2,China

Ji Sheng Pharmaceutical Factory, China

Ji Sheng Pharmaceutical Factory, China



Tiger bone 3

Tiger bone 3

Tiger bone 1 3

Tiger bone 1 3

Musk, Tiger bone 3

Musk, Tiger bone 3

Tiger bone 1 2 3

Tiger bone 1 2 3

RAT:(1986)3790

RAT:(1986)3790

LIQUIDSLiquids 6.1

LIQUIDSLiquids 6.1

D

H

C

G

B

F

A

E

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H


Medicated Wine

Tincture of Tiger Bone

HuGu MuGua Jiu

Hu Gu Jiu

Musk Tiger BoneRheumatic Oil



Xiong Dan Jiu

Chinese Great Wall Native DrugManufactory, China

Beijing-Tung Jen Tang, China

Shanghai Native Medicine Works, China

Jian Chun Pai





Musk, Bear bile 1

Tiger bone 1 3

Tiger bone 2

Tiger bone 2 3


Bear gall 3

Bear gall 3

Bear bile 1 3

"Great Wall" brand.

RAT:(80)1056

RAT:(85)417

RAT:(1998)101005Ref: Q/HDY01-95 + 350521377.

RAT:(1998)01005Ref: Q/HDY01-95 + 350521120.

RAT:(1998)01005Ref: Q/HDY01-95 + 350521120.

LIQUIDSLiquids 6.2

LIQUIDSLiquids 6.2

D

H

C

G

B

F

A

E

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H


Xiong Dan Jiu

Compound Bear BileEye Drops

Die Ha Wan Hua Oil

Die Da Wan Hua Oil

101B Formula

101B Formula

101B

101D Fabao


Changchun Sanshun Pharmaceutical CoLtd, China

Guangzhou Jingxiutang PharmaceuticalCompany Ltd, China

Guangzhou Jing Xiutang PharmaceuticalCompany Ltd, China

Beijing Zhangguang 101 Group Corp,China




Bear bile 1 3

Bear bile 1 3

Orchid 1 3

Bletilla 3

Gastrodia 1 3

Gastrodia 1 3

Gastrodia 3

Gastrodia 1 3

RAT:(1998)01005Ref: Q/HDY01-95.

RAT:(1994)116044

RAT:ZZ-5476(1994)116044

"101 Zhangguang" brand. Ref: (90)01-QG-01-004 / (94)01-XK-0101 and (89)weizhuangzhunzi-01-QG-01-004.

RAT:(90)08-XK-0058Ref: (90)01-QG-01-0004 & Q/M07 003-95.

"101 Zhangguang" brand.

RAT:(90)08-XK-0058Ref: (90)01-QG-0158 & Q/M07 005-95.

LIQUIDSLiquids 6.3

LIQUIDSLiquids 6.3

D

H

C

G

B

F

A

E

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H


101D

101D

ZhangYiSan

Bear Bile ScutellariaEye Drops (Xiongdan Huangqin Diyanye)

Koflet Siroop

Whale Sperm

Whale Sperm

The BodihidharmaMedical Oil




Heilongjiang Hei Bao Medicine Co. Ltd.

Imported by Holistic Health Products,Netherlands

HP Cosmetics, Dominican Republic

HP Cosmetics, Dominican Republic

Cheong Chun Tong Medical Fty, HongKong

Gastrodia 3

Gastrodia 3

Musk 1 3

Bear Bile

Saussurea 1

Sperm whale extract 1

Sperm whale extract 1

Musk 1 3

RAT:(2000)0468Ref: (94)01-XK-0101. "101 Zhangguang"brand.

"101 Zhangguang" brand.

RAT:ZZ-5327(1996)058101

RAT:B20021078"Hei Bao" trademark.

Contains spermaceti (cetyl palmitate) which isan oil extracted from the head of the spermwhale.

Contains spermaceti (cetyl palmitate) which isan oil extracted from the head of the spermwhale.

LIQUIDSLiquids 6.4

LIQUIDSLiquids 6.4

D

H

C

G

B

F

A

E

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H


Musk Dai Hou Luo Oil

Shu Jin Lu

Mao She Xiang SanXiong Dan RheumaticOil

Pangolin golde-CoinTortoise Extractum

Tianma ShouWuShampoo

Bachlong Thuy(Tri Ho,Suyen)


ShenBaoHeJi

China National Medicines, China

Yulin Drug Manufactory, China

Kwangchow Pharmaceutical IndustrialCorp, China

The Gulin United PharmaceuticalManufactory, China


Cong Ty TNHH Dong Nam Duoc BaoLong, Vietnam



Musk 1

Musk 1

Musk, Bear bile 2 3

Pangolin, Tortoise 1 3

Gastrodia, Bletilla1 3 (gastrodia 1 2 3)

Pangolin scales

Rhinoceros horn, Antelope horn,Musk 3

Cistanche deserticola 3

"Jade Bamboo" trademark.

"Yulin" trademark.

Tortoise mentioned in title. This is likely to bea species of freshwater turtle. Refer to C I T E S ,EU requlations and national legislation.

"Kwei Feng" brand.

Ingredients are listed in Vietnamese.

Ingredients are also listed in Korean.Translation of the title is "Niu Huang Qing XingWan" but this is a liquid and not a pill.

RAT:ZZ-4895(1996)134055

LIQUIDSLiquids 6.5

LIQUIDSLiquids 6.5

D

H

C

G

B

F

A

E

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H


Cerebix Liquid

Cheryani Taila

Dhantara Taila

Vilapas Taila

Cheryani Taila

Vilapas Taila

Leung Wah MedicatedLiquid

Hai Ma Jiu







Leung Wah Medicine Co Ltd, Hong Kong

Ye Mei Co. Ltd,Hainan, ShuangLongHealth Products Factory, Hainan

Saussurea 1

Saussurea 1

Saussurea 1

Saussurea 1

Saussurea 1

Saussurea 1

Musk 1 3

Seahorse

Musk is not shown as an ingredient in Englishon the enclosed leaflet.

"Ye Mei" trademark.

LIQUIDSLiquids 6.6

LIQUIDSLiquids 6.6

D

H

C

G

B

F

A

E

A

B

C

D

E

F

G


Snake Wine RealSpeciality of Vietnam

Cobratonic

Cobra Wine

Jin Hai Ma

Tac Ke Hai Ma

Tac Ke Hai Ma

Qin Yang Chun Hai MaJiu



Not known

Jin Hai Ma Jiu Co Ltd, China

Hong Thaj Traditional MedicineManufactory, Vietnam

Hong Thaj Traditional MedicineManufactory, Vietnam

Hai Ma Jiu Factory Ltd, China

Cobra - see notes

Cobra - see notes

Cobra - see notes

Seahorse

Seahorse 1 3

Seahorse 1 3

Seahorse

Bottle contains a whole Asiatic cobra (Naja naja).



RAT:(1998)383

"Ruou Thuoc" brand.

"Ruou Thuoc" brand.

"Qin Yang Chun" trademark.

LIQUIDSLiquids 6.7

LIQUIDSLiquids 6.7

DC

G

B

F

A

E

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H


Musk Rheumatic Oil

Musk RheumaticOil

Musk RheumaticOil

Musk RheumaticOil

Musk Rheumatic Oil

Huo Luo Medicated Oil

Moschus Bone-SettingSolution

Relaxed Wanderer

Medicinal Oil Works of Zhanjiang, China




Medical Product Factory of ZuTong, China

Kwan Tung Pak Yuen Tong UnionMedicine Fty, Hong Kong



Musk

Musk 1 3

Musk 1 3

Musk 1 3

Musk

Gastrodia 1 3

Musk 1 3

Gastrodia 1

RAT:(84)B-001"Zen Zi" trademark.

RAT:(1994)208001

RAT:(1994)208001

Musk is not shown as an ingredient in Englishon the enclosed leaflet.

RAT:(84)1667-1"Saneni" trademark.

RAT:(1996)001408

LIQUIDSLiquids 6.8

LIQUIDSLiquids 6.8

D

H

C

G

B

F

A

E

LIQUIDSLiquids 6.9

A

B

C

D

E

F


Bear Gall Wine

Bear Bile Gan Tai OralLiquid

Bear Bile Eye Drops

Bear Bile Eye Drops

Bear's Bile

Xiong Dan Kou Fu Ye


The Pharmaceutical Factory of theHeibao Medicine Group Company, China


The Pharmaceutical Factory of the HeiBao Medicine Company, China

Yunan Pinbian Pharmaceutical Factory

Zhang Feng Pharmaceutical Factory ofYunnan, China

Bear gallbladder 1 3

Bear bile 1 3

Bear gall 3

Bear bile 1 3

Bear Bile

Bear Bile

RAT:(1995)0022

RAT:(1995)0023"HB" brand.

RAT:(1996)0075

RAT:(1996)0075

RAT:(1993)23Z-1827"Da Wei Shan" trademark.

RAT:(92)59Z-1730"Jin Ta" trademark.

CBA

FED

LIQUIDSLiquids 6.9

LIQUIDSLiquids 6.10

A

B

C


Xiaoerqingrejiedukofuye

Imperial Shou Wu Gin

Bao Ji Oral Solution


China Herb & Natural Products Co,China

Yangcheng Pharmaceutical Stock Co Ltd,China

Gastrodia 3

Cibotium 1 3

Saussurea 1 3

RAT:(89)088

"Plum Flower" brand.

RAT:(1994)119076

CBA

LIQUIDSLiquids 6.10

MISCELLANEOUSMiscellaneous Index 1

100% American Ginseng

A

American GinsengAmerican GinsengAmerican GinsengAmerican GinsengAmerican GinsengAmerican GinsengAmerican GinsengAmerican GinsengAmerican GinsengAmerican GinsengAmerican GinsengAmerican Ginseng SliceAmerican GinsengsAmerican Wisconsin Ginseng

B

Bear Bile Hemorrhoids Ointment (Xiongdan Zhiling Gao)Bear Bile Powder (Xiong Dan Fen)Bear HeartBears Call

C

Chagpori Tibetan Healing Incense

E

Elephant ointment

F

Fel Ursi Hemorrhoids OintmentFuZhiQing Lotion

G

Ginseng RootsGuan Yuan Ke li

7.12

7.47.37.127.37.37.37.127.37.37.47.47.47.137.3

7.77.147.47.13

7.15

7.5

7.77.8

7.127.9

A

AGCFEDDHBBFCAC

FFGE

C

E

EC

EE

H

Ho Yan Hor Herbal TeaHu Ku Cheow

J

JianWei XiaoYan KeliJing Wan HongJing Wan Hong

K

Kedermfa

L

LingYuan Wanying ChabingLingYuan Wanying ChabingLong Hu Jiu Bo

M

Mayinglong Shexiang Zhichuang Gao (Musk HemorrhoidsOintment)Muscle & Joint Rub / Indian Nature HealthcareMusk Hemorrhoids OintmentMusk Hemorrhoids OintmentMusk Hemorrhoids OintmentMusk Hemorrhoids OintmentMusk Incense Sticks

O

Orthodox Gastrodia Tuber Slice

P

Pai Du Yang YanPenyan Jing Granules SuspensionPomade CrocodilePremium American GinsengPremium American GinsengPremium GinsengPremium Ginseng

7.17.1

7.117.87.8

7.8

7.107.107.6

7.7

7.97.77.77.77.77.2

7.13

7.57.117.97.27.37.47.13

FH

EDE

B

ABA

D

ADBCAE

C

HDBHADB


MISCELLANEOUSMiscellaneous Index 2

Premium Ginseng

R

Rumalaya CremeRumalaya Cream

S

Selected GinsengShezhi RuangaoShiZhen Authentic Chinese Herbs: Bai JiShiZhen Authentic Chinese Herbs: Jin Mao gouSmokeless Moxia SticksSong Bao Bears Gall

T

Tapel Awet CantikTiger Bone GlueTin MaTong Jing Bao Ke LiTotem

W

Wan Jin Fu BaoWei-tai "999nule" GranuleWei-tai "999nule" GranuleWei-tai 999 GranulesWhite Musk Incense SticksWu Yan Ai Jiu Tiao (smokeless Moxia Sticks)

X

Xian Shi Hu JingXianShiHu JingXianShiHu JingXiong Dan FenXiong Dan FenXiong Dan FenXiong Dan FenXiongdan Zhiling Gao

7.12

7.57.9

7.127.87.107.107.27.14

7.57.107.117.97.1

7.57.17.17.17.27.2

7.57.57.117.147.147.47.157.7

B

AC

FADEGC

FFFFE

DBCAFG

BCCEFHBF

Y

Ya Kao Kradoog Sua Tra Phra Sua KwangYuYueShu

Z

Zhang Zhou Pien Tze Huang

7.117.11

7.10

AB

C

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H


Wei-tai 999 Granules

Wei-tai "999nule"Granule

Wei-tai "999nule"Granule


Totem

Ho Yan Hor Herbal Tea


Hu Ku Cheow

Nanfang Pharmaceutical Factory, China





Ho Yan Hor Sdn Bhd, Malaysia


Zunsengheng Medical Factory, Thailand

Saussurea 1 3

Saussurea 1 3

Saussurea 1 3

Tiger - see notes 3

American ginseng 1 3

Saussurea 1

Tiger bone 3

Tiger bone 2 3

RAT:(1994)904001Product is in the form of granules.


Tiger is indicated on the packaging but notlisted in the ingredients.

Product is in the form of roots.

"Guang Mong Lim" trademark.

MISCELLANEOUSMiscellaneous 7.1


D

H

C

G

B

F

A

E

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H






Musk Incense Sticks

White Musk IncenseSticks

Wu Yan Ai Jiu Tiao(smokeless Moxia Sticks)

Premium AmericanGinseng





Sandesh Agarbathi Co, India

Sandesh Agarbathi Co, India


Moys, United States of America

Musk 3

Musk 3

Musk 3

Musk 3

Musk 1

Musk 1

Saussurea 3

American ginseng 1

Product is in the form of granules.




D

H

C

G

B

F

A

E

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H


Premium AmericanGinseng

American Ginseng

American WisconsinGinseng

American Ginseng

American Ginseng

American Ginseng

American Ginseng

American Ginseng

Moys, United States of America

Prince of Peace Ent Inc, United States ofAmerica

Prince of Peace Enterprises, UnitedStates of America

Manufacturer not known, United States ofAmerica

LS, United States of America

Hsu's Ginseng Enterprises & Farms Inc,United States of America

Distributed by: KSH Trading Co Ltd,United States of America


American ginseng 1










"Prince of Peace" brand. Product is in theform of roots.




"Royal King" brand. Product is in the form ofwhole roots.

RAT:WS2-10(B-10)-88Product is in the form of sliced roots.



D

H

C

G

B

F

A

E

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H


American Ginseng

American Ginseng

American Ginseng Slice

Premium Ginseng

Not shown

American Ginseng

Bear Heart

Xiong Dan Fen

Asiana Food Manufacturing, Hong Kong

Shanghai Medicine Materials Corporation,China

Shanghai Medicine Materials Corporation,China

Green Gold Group LLC, United States ofAmerica

Hockhua

Tianjin Grandsberg Pharmaceutical CoLtd


Can Rong Business Group, Lin Jiang




American ginseng 3

American ginseng 3


Bear gall 3

Bear bile

Product is in the form of roots. "Apollo" brand.

RAT:94 308069Product is in the form of roots.

Product is in the form of sliced roots.

"Earths Treasure" brand. Product is in theform of roots.


"Buffalo" brand. Product is in the form ofwhole roots.

RAT:(92)Z-14



D

H

C

G

B

F

A

E

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H


Rumalaya Créme

Xian Shi Hu Jing

XianShiHu Jing

Wan Jin Fu Bao

Elephant ointment

Tapel Awet Cantik


Pai Du Yang Yan

The Himalaya Drug Company, India



China Research Institute of TradionalChinese Medicine, China

A.A. Sadik, Ghana

PT Maryon Mondo, Indonesia


Beihai Jinzhi Natural Health Products CoLtd, China

Saussurea 1

Dendrobium orchid 3

Dendrobium orchid 3

Musk 3

Elephant extract

Saussurea 1

Gastrodia 3

Bletilla 1 3

RAT:AUS-83



Musk is not shown in the list of English ingredients.

Oil extracted from the bone marrow.

Product is in the form of slices.

RAT:Q/JZH002-2001Ref: Bei wei shi zi 2001 N0 E0203.



D

H

C

G

B

F

A

E

A


Long Hu Jiu Bo Yun Feng Health Product Factory,Chengdu

Seahorse "Yun Feng" trademark.



A


A

B

C

D

E

F


Musk HemorrhoidsOintment



Mayinglong ShexiangZhichuang Gao (Musk Hemorrhoids Ointment)

Fel Ursi HemorrhoidsOintment

Bear Bile HemorrhoidsOintment(Xiongdan Zhiling Gao)

Wuhan N0 3 Pharmaceutical Factory,China

Wuhan Mayinglong PharmaceuticalGroup Co Ltd

Wuhan Mayinglong PharmaceuticalGroup Co Ltd

Mayinglong Pharmaceutical Group Co.Ltd. of Wuhan, China

Chung-Lien Drugs Works, China

Heilongjiang Hei Bao Medicine Co. Ltd.

Musk 1

Musk 1 3

Musk 1 3

Musk

Bear gall, Musk 1 3

Bear bile

RAT:(83)258

RAT:ZZ-5016(1983)000258

RAT:ZZ-50169(1983)000258Marked "OTC".

RAT:Z42021920"Maa Ying Long" trademark.

RAT:(81)1310

RAT:Z23020431"Hei Bao" trademark.


CBA

FED


A

B

C

D

E

F


Shezhi Ruangao

Kedermfa

FuZhiQing Lotion

Jing Wan Hong

Jing Wan Hong




Gui Zhou Creen Sun Pharmaceutical CoLtd, China




Snake grease 1 3

Python fat

Bear gall 1 3

Pangolin 3

Pangolin 3

Musk 3

RAT:(1994)300080Ptyas mucosus and Naja naja.

"Minh Hai" brand.

RAT:(1985)489"JianChunPai" brand.

RAT:(1985)489"JianChunPai" brand.

RAT:(98)Z-132


CBA

FED


A

B

C

D

E

F


Muscle & Joint Rub /Indian NatureHealthcare

Pomade Crocodile

Rumalaya Cream


Guan Yuan Ke li

Tong Jing Bao Ke Li





Pharmaceutical Factory of West ChinaMedical Factory, China


Orchid 1

Crocodile

Saussurea 1

Musk 3

Saussurea 3

Saussurea 3

Orchid used is Vanda roxburgii.

RAT:AYU/272

Product is in the form of an ointment and sup-pository.

"West China" brand.

RAT:Z41021972


CBA

FED


A

B

C

D

E

F


LingYuan WanyingChabing

LingYuan WanyingChabing

Zhang Zhou Pien TzeHuang

ShiZhen AuthenticChinese Herbs: Bai Ji

ShiZhen AuthenticChinese Herbs: Jin MaoGou

Tiger Bone Glue



Zhangzhou Pharmaceutical Factory,China

ShiZhen Authentic Chinese Herbs, China

ShiZhen Authentic Chinese Herbs, China


Saussurea 3

Saussurea 3

Musk 1 3

Bletilla 2 3

Cibotium 2 3

Tiger bone 1 3

RAT:(1996)002317

RAT:ZZ-3733(1996)002317

Image shown is the label from a bag of rawmaterial.

Image shown is the label from a bag of rawmaterial.

Product may originate from Thailand.


CBA

FED


A

B

C

D

E

F


Ya Kao Kradoog SuaTra Phra Sua Kwang

YuYueShu

XianShiHu Jing

Penyan Jing GranulesSuspension

JianWei XiaoYan Keli

Tin Ma

Heng Tien Huat Pharmacy, Thailand



Kunming JIDA Pharmaceutical Co Ltd,China

Suzhong Pharmaceutical Factory, China

Wah Loong Co Ltd, China

Tiger bone 3

Saussurea 1 2 3

Dendrobium orchid 3

Cibotium 1 3

Saussurea 3

Gastrodia 2 3

RAT:465/2534Product is described as a "bar" on the packaging.

RAT:ZZ-5475(1996)034070


RAT:ZZ-4368(1996)003301

RAT:ZZ-5273(1988)183401Saussurea is not shown in the list of Englishingredients.


CBA

FED


A

B

C

D

E

F


100% AmericanGinseng

Premium Ginseng

American Ginseng

American Ginseng

Ginseng Roots

Selected Ginseng


Manufacturer not known, United States ofAmerica

Ginseng Company Tian Hui, UnitedStates of America

Not shown

Not shown

Not shown


American ginseng 3



American ginseng 3

American ginseng

"West Coast" brand. Product is in the form ofroots.







CBA

FED


A

B

C

D

E

F


American Ginsengs

Premium Ginseng

Orthodox GastrodiaTuber Slice


Bears Call


Not shown, United States of America

Green Gold Group LLC, United States ofAmerica



Yanbian Jilin Provinee, China



American ginseng 3

Gastrodia 1 3

Bear bile 3

Bears gall 1 3

Bear gall 3



RAT:(1996)010530

RAT:(92)Z-06Product is in the form of flakes.

Product is in the form of flakes.

RAT:92Z-46Product is in the form of flakes.


CBA

FED


A

B

C

D

E

F




Song Bao Bears Gall


Xiong Dan Fen

Bear Bile Powder(Xiong Dan Fen)





Beijing Tong Ren Tang Nan

Bai Tou Mountain Pharmaceuticals Ltd ofJilin, China

Bear bile 3

Bear gall 3

Bear bile 3

Bear gall 3

Bear Bile

Bear bile

RAT:Z0000116"Song Bao" brand. Product is in the form offlakes.

RAT:(92)Z-11"SongBao" brand. Product is in the form offlakes.

Product is in the form of flakes and may origi-nate from Korea.

RAT:Z-017Product is in the form of flakes.

RAT:(85)B027

RAT:(89)Z-13"Bai To Shen" trademark.


CBA

FED


A

B

C



Xiong Dan Fen

Chagpori TibetanHealing Incense


Sichuan Musk Deer Farm ResearchInstitute

Chagpori Tibetan Medical Institute, India

Bear gall 3

Bear bile

Musk, Aquilaria 1 3

Product is in the form of flakes.

RAT:(88)Z-06-2"Jin Long" trademark.


CBA

ANNEX

HOW THE TRADE OPERATES

The trade in traditional Asian medicines operates in many ways no differently from any othertype of trade that is on the whole a legal business but with some illegal elements. As with mosttypes of trade, there are source countries, consumer countries and transit countries involved, andany country could be one, or a combination, of these. The trade in traditional Asian medicines isa complex system of interactions, organisation, traditional beliefs and modern influences.However, the trade falls into three main categories for the purposes of explaining the key mecha-nisms within the trade: international trade, domestic trade and distribution. As with anyoverview, the information provided here is a generalisation, which emphasises how the interna-tional trade has operated over the boom period of the 1990s.

Legislation: The international level

The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)

CITES entered into force in 1975. It is an international treaty that provides controls on interna-tional trade in wildlife that is threatened with extinction or may become so due to internationaltrade. Control is achieved by requiring permits and certificates before allowing internationaltrade to proceed, with the level of control depending on how endangered the species is by trade.The most endangered species are listed in Appendix I, and international commercial trade inthese is generally prohibited. In the exceptional circumstances when trade is allowed, CITESimport and export permits or re-export permits are both required. Species listed in Appendix IIare not necessarily endangered, and commercial trade is allowed but requires CITES permitsfrom the exporting country only (unless stricter national measures are imposed, as in the EU forexample). Appendix III includes species specifically protected by one or more of the countriesin which the species is found. The species cannot be exported from these countries without anexport permit. Certificates of origin are required to export these species from other countries.CITES applies to all specimens of species of plants and animals listed in its appendices, whetherwhole (alive or dead), or parts and products such as skins, carvings and medicines. CITES is acomplex treaty, and has a large number of resolutions relating to its interpretation, definition andapplication. By October 2004 there were 166 countries that were parties to CITES.

The European Union wildlife trade re g u l a t i o n sAll Member States of the EU implement CITES through the following EU regulations, whichinclude all the provisions of CITES as well as some additional, stricter, measures. Council Regulation (EC) no 338/97 of 9 December 1996 on the protection of species of wildfauna and flora by regulating trade therein, as amendedCommission Regulation (EC) No 939/97 of 26 May 1997 laying down detailed rules concerningthe implementation of Council Regulation (EC) No 338/97 on the protection of species of wildfauna and flora by regulating trade therein, as amended

Species covered by the EU Regulation are listed in four Annexes, with the most endangeredlisted in Annex A (broadly equivalent to CITES Appendix I). Species threatened by commercialtrade are listed in Annex B (broadly equivalent to CITES Appendix II). Wildlife products

A 1

labelled as containing species listed on the Annexes are treated as if they actually contain them,without the need for proof. Requirements for international trade in species listed in these Annexes are:

Import permits for Annex Aand Annex B specimens required at first point of introduction intothe EU;Import notifications for Annex C and Annex D specimens required at first point of introductioninto the EU;Export or re-export permits required for Annex A, B and C specimens for export outside the EU;a n dCommercial trade within the EU in Annex A specimens generally prohibited, but with someexceptions.

International trade

The international trade generally originates from source countries in East and Southeast Asia, tocountries either within or outside these regions. The flow of manufactured products and rawmaterials is mainly from China. The trade from China is destined for other countries in East andSoutheast Asia and countries where there are large ethnic Asian communities. The productsmanufactured in Southeast Asia tend to be exported to other countries in that region, with sometrade to markets in other countries where there are large ethnic Asian communities. There issome re-export of products and materials, often after repackaging for the particular market theyare aimed at. This happens quite extensively in Europe, for example.

Transport methods

The type of transport method depends upon the volume, product type and legality of the goods.There are four main transport methods:

1.Via container shipments

This trade is high-volume, consisting mainly of manufactured products and is mostly legal. Thelarge volume of mainly legal manufactured products lends itself to be transported in this wayunless the products are perishable. The containers usually carry large boxes of packaged,manufactured products and/or raw materials such as roots, berries, herbs, bark, powders etc.Sometimes large plastic bags inside the boxes will contain unlabelled pills that will later bepackaged for sale. Very often the raw ingredients will be bagged with the Chinese characterswritten on the outside to identify the contents and shipped inside containers. These shipments areoften described on the manifest as ‘tea’or ‘herbs’. Sometimes prohibited items are loaded in themiddle of a container to reduce the likelihood of detection, or in mis-labelled boxes e.g.‘acupuncture needles’. More recently TCM shipments have been mixed in furniture shipmentswhich are then declared only as furniture to evade controls. TCMs have also been hidden inboxes marked as dried herbs. Another method is to send TCMs without any packaging throughone port, and send the outer packaging showing the controlled ingredients via another port.

A 2

2. As air freight

This method of transportation is usually reserved for low-volume products and raw materials,sometimes illegal. Because of its high cost, this method of transport is usually for small-sized,high-value goods. Any shipper attempting to smuggle illegal goods by this means of transportusually relies on misdescription of the contents to avoid detection. Medium-sized freight parcelsmay also be transported in this way.

3.Via personal transport with air/sea passengers

This is mainly for very low volumes, usually of raw materials but also of products, and also ofthe highest value goods, which are more likely to be illegal. Passengers will often carry suppliesfor themselves and their families. These may be raw ingredients such as ginseng roots, or a fewboxes of tiger bone plasters. However, some pharmacists will transport the more expensive andsometimes illegal products themselves, to supply their business needs. Expatriates will oftencombine a trip home to Asia, with a chance to stock up their business. The goods are rarelydeclared but often there is no great attempt at concealment, and they are usually contained in asuitcase or hand carried parcel. Sometimes concealment of illicit goods such as rhinoceros horndoes occur, by disguising the goods inside another container, secreted within luggage. Themajority of high-value illicit items are moved internationally in this manner.

4.Via mail/courier service

As with personal baggage, this method is mainly for high-value, low-volume products and rawmaterials, which are sometimes illegal. There is a regular and legitimate international movementof the higher value goods from source countries to consumer countries (usually to pharmacies orwholesalers). Sometimes the illegal trader will send these items via the mail or a courier serviceto reduce chances of detection and as a cheaper option than as personal baggage. Using thismethod also reduces the chance of being detected in person, as it is always possible to denyinvolvement or knowledge of any parcel received or sent. Traders realise that monitoring thevolume of mail that moves around the world is an enormous challenge for the authorities. Thismodus operandi is increasingly being used as a way to smuggle illicit goods.

International business links

Many traditional pharmacies/doctors/clinics/wholesalers etc. in consumer countries will havestrong links with manufacturers or suppliers in source countries. Sometimes a trader in aconsumer country may be a subsidiary company of the parent organisation in the source country.The supply and method of transport is arranged between them through normal businesspractices. Arrangement for smuggling of illicit goods is usually conducted by telephone orpersonal letter, although email is becoming the norm. The goods may be marked only withcompany catalogue or product numbers, making identification much harder without access to therelevant catalogue.

A 3

Trade routes

Raw ingredients move from the source country to the country of manufacture, a percentage ofthe medicines manufactured will be for the domestic market, and the remainder for export toconsumer countries. For example, rhinoceros horn from Africa may be smuggled by air to EastAsia in a suitcase for processing and domestic use, but it may be used to manufacture patentmedicines, a proportion of which may be sent via express mail courier to Australia for distrib-ution and sale (in traditional pharmacies). Raw ingredients may be exported direct to consumercountries where they will be used in prescriptions made up by pharmacists. For example, tigerbone may be smuggled from India by land across several borders into East Asia where it is likelyto be consumed domestically, but it may be processed and illegally exported to the UK forprescription by traditional Asian medicine doctors. In countries outside Asia with large ethnicAsian communities, raw ingredients may also be used from domestic sources to meet thedemand for traditional medicines. For example, bear gall bladders from native species in Canadaare traded for use in traditional medicine prescriptions amongst traditional Asian medicine usersin Canada. The flow of raw ingredients can come from anywhere with populations of species thatare in demand in traditional medicines, and via any route or by any method. This greatlyincreases problems of detection for enforcement agencies around the world.

Transit

The movement of shipments through transit countries generally follows traditional routes.However, interception of some shipments on an unusual routing has resulted in seizures of illicitgoods. The key transit countries can yield seizures, where those countries have the necessarylegislation and enforcement powers to inspect transit shipments. The significance of transitpoints is important, particularly where the country of destination has weak controls on imports.Some countries that feel it is their responsibility to deal with transit shipments can detect routesand illegal trade that would not otherwise be discovered, as the source and consumer countriesmay not have the resources to put as much effort into controlling such trade.

Domestic trade outside East Asia

The domestic trade in consumer countries tends to focus around the concentrations of ethnicAsian populations. That is not to say that the end-consumer or practitioners are solely of Asianorigins. There is a rapidly expanding interest in these traditional medicine practices byconsumers and doctors of the indigenous populations of the consumer countries. For example,in the UK alone there are over 300 registered traditional Chinese medicine practitioners who arenot of Asian descent and up to 50% of patients receiving treatment from traditional medicinepractitioners are not of Asian origins.

The vast majority of domestic trade in traditional medicines is legal. It is often found that withinany type of trading business there will however be a number of products that are illegal, be theymanufactured medicines or, less frequently, raw ingredients. It is difficult to ascertain whether abusiness premises is trading in restricted products illegally.

A 4

Illegal products are usually mixed with many legal products or they may not be on display andonly provided unless they are specifically requested. It is also increasingly common for productpackaging to be altered (either at point of manufacture, repackaging or by hand by the trader) toremove any mention of containing restricted species. Products previously identified as beingillegal may no longer be so with the latest version of the packaging. The question still remainsas to whether the ingredients themselves have also changed or only the packaging. This can onlybe answered with forensic testing or examination of manufacturing processes, both of which areoften difficult and costly processes.

There are a number of different sectors involved in the TAM trade:

•Wholesale companySpecialises in imports of traditional medicines (products and raw materials) and distributes toretail outlets and clinics

•ClinicA traditional Asian medicine clinic which may incorporate several doctors and sometimes haveits own pharmacy

•Doctor/practitionerMay have their own business to review patients and make a diagnosis, either selling medicinesdirectly to patients or recommending a local pharmacy to dispatch the prescription provided

•PharmacySells packaged products and raw ingredients, will make up a prescription for the patient suppliedby a traditional doctor, using raw materials

•SupermarketA retail outlet which does not specialise in traditional medicines but may offer a limited range ofmedicinal goods, mainly packaged products but also some raw materials such as roots and herbs orAmerican ginseng

•Asian goods retail outletA retail premises that specialises in goods from Asia, such as arts and crafts, may also offer alimited range of manufactured products

•End-consumerThe patient who consumes the traditional medicine.

Distribution and trade dynamicsWithin East Asia some of the trade will be domestic without relying upon imports, using domes-tically produced raw materials and packaged products. For countries outside East Asia the tradewill predominantly rely upon imports from East Asia and Southeast Asia. Outside Asia somedomestically produced ingredients may, however, be used where appropriate, for example, piggall bladders are often traded domestically as fake bear gall bladders. In Canada, local black beargalls are used in traditional medicine, sometimes legally when they have been shot under licence.

A 5

For large commercial import shipments (usually arriving at sea ports) the goods will bedelivered, to either a wholesaler in traditional medicines or to a pharmacy or clinic that isrestocking its supply or setting up for the first time. These goods will then be either resold toother traders or to the end-consumer. The wholesaler operates by means of advertising and circu-lating price lists amongst Asian communities. Some wholesale companies will provide a postalservice, sometimes even to the level of making up prescriptions and posting them to the end-consumer. Clinics and pharmacies will often purchase their raw materials and products from awholesale company if they are not large enough to import themselves. Smaller pharmaciesoutside the main centres may even purchase materials from other larger pharmacies in the maincentres. Supermarkets will tend to import goods directly or purchase from a wholesale company.The medicinal goods they trade in are only a small element of their entire stock, which is mainlyAsian foodstuffs.

The trade in the majority of the traditional medicines is legal in terms of international wildlifetrade regulations though may be illegal under national medicine, and / or veterinary healthregulations. However, a small degree of the trade that takes place will be in restricted ingredientssuch as rhinoceros horn and tiger bone. This trade operates behind the scenes and is usually onlycarried out between close trading partners or trusted customers. Since the ban in China in 1993,on possession and trade in tiger and rhinoceros parts, and enforcement actions in many countries,the trade no longer operates openly in these commodities. With packaged products, fewermedicines now claim to contain such restricted ingredients and whilst the basic packaging maylook the same, the ingredients lists have changed. There are however, a number of counterfeitmedicines that are copies of well-known brands, which still use the original ingredients list forthe product.

A 6

REFERENCES

Anon. (1995). Is it Really from a Bear? A Simple Method of Identifying Bear Gall Bladder.WSPA, London.

Anon. (2001). CITES Identification Manuals. CITES Secretariat, Geneva.

Barden, A. et al. (2000). Heart of the matter: Agarwood Use and Trade and CITESImplementation for Aquilaria malaccensis. TRAFFIC International, Cambridge. 52pp.ISBN 1 85850 117 6.

Chan, S. et al. (1995). From Steppe to Store: the Trade in Saiga Antelope Horn. TRAFFICInternational, Cambridge. 47pp. ISBN 1 85850 068 0.

Chang, H.C. and Tzai, K.H. (1992). Traditional Chinese Medicine Process (in Chinese). Chinese Medical College. 731 pp. Taichung, Taiwan.

Chen, V. and Song, M. (2000). Identification Guide to Medicinal Plants used in Traditional AsianMedicines. TRAFFIC East Asia - Taipei. 116pp. ISBN 957 02 7545 6.

Fratkin, J. (1994). Chinese Herbal Patent Formulas: a Practical Guide. Shya Publications,Boulder, USA. 356pp. ISBN 0 9626078 2 7.

Holmes, V. (1999). On the Scent: conserving Musk Deer - the Uses of Musk and Europe's Rolein its Trade. TRAFFIC Europe, Brussels. 57pp. ISBN 90 90112795 X.

Lange, D. (1998). Training Unit for CITES Listed Plant Species used for Medicinal Purposes.Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Germany.

Mills, J. et al. (1995). The Bear Facts: the East Asian Market for Bear Gallbladder. TRAFFICInternational. 41pp. ISBN 1 85850 071 0.

Mills, J. and Jackson, P. (1994). Killed for a Cure: a Review of the Worldwide Trade in TigerBone. TRAFFIC International, Cambridge. 52pp.ISBN 1 85850 049 4.

Nowell, K. (2000). Far from a Cure: the Tiger Trade Revisited. TRAFFIC International,Cambridge. 100pp. ISBN 1 85850 173 3.

Wiseman N. (1996). English - Chinese, Chinese - English Dictionary of Chinese Medicine.Science Press, China ISBN 7 5357 1656 3.

Wong, K.Y. and Dahlen, M. (1994). Chinese Herbal Medicine. Wokman Press, Hong Kong.ISBN 962 7316 02 4.

A 7

100% American Ginseng101B101B Formula101B Formula101D101D101D Fabao606 Specific Xiao Yan Wan

AAcne-Sweeping PillAluminium Hydroxide and CostusAmerican GinsengAmerican GinsengAmerican GinsengAmerican GinsengAmerican GinsengAmerican GinsengAmerican GinsengAmerican GinsengAmerican GinsengAmerican GinsengAmerican GinsengAmerican Ginseng SliceAmerican GinsengsAmerican Wisconsin GinsengAn Kong Niu Huang WanAn Kong Niu Huang Wan (On Kung Pill)Ang Gong Niu Huang WanAngong Niuhuang WanAnti-Contusion Rheumatism PlasterAnti-Lumbago TabletsAnti-Rheumatic PlasterAplotaxis Carminative PillsAquilaria Stomachic PillsArmadillo Antipyretic PillsArmadillo Counter Poison Pill

Index A-1

7.12 A6.3 G6.3 E6.3 F6.4 A6.4 B6.3 H2.38 F

2.23 E2.25 C7.3 B7.3 D7.3 E7.3 F7.3 G7.3 H7.4 A7.4 B7.4 F7.12 C7.12 D7.4 C7.13 A7.3 C2.34 E2.34 D3.5 D3.5 C1.21 C2.1 H1.28 D2.17 B2.17 H2.13 D2.2 F

Product name Page(s) / Letter(s)

Index A by medicine product name

There are a number of entries in the index of the same product namebecause medicines can have the same product name but each one willhave a different appearance and / or ingredients.

BBa Bao Jing Feng SanBaBaoDanBachlong Thuy (Tri Ho,Suyen)Bai Meng Qing PillsBak Foong PillsBan Xia Bai Shutian Ma WanBao Ji Oral SolutionBaoJi WanBat Po Keng Foong PowderBear Bile Eye DropsBear Bile Eye DropsBear Bile Gan Tai Oral LiquidBear Bile Heart Saving Pill (Xiongdan Jiuxin Dan)Bear Bile Hemorrhoids Ointment (Xiongdan Zhiling Gao)Bear Bile PillsBear Bile PowderBear Bile Powder (Xiong Dan Fen)Bear Bile Scutellaria Eye Drops (Xiongdan Huangqin Diyanye)Bear Gall WineBear HeartBearcall Powder (Xiong Dan Fen)Bear's BileBear's Bile CapsulesBear's Gall PillsBears CallBezoar Antifebrile PillsBo Ying CompoundBo Ying CompoundBo Ying PillsBo Ying TanBone-Strengthened Musk PlasterBoYing PillsBoYing PillsBritendermBushen Kangle JiaonangBushen Yiqi Jiaonang

CCao KhiCapsulae BearbileCapsule of Bear GallCapsules of Jiannanchun

Index A-2

5.4 D2.42 F6.5 F2.11 H2.10 H2.20 C6.10 C2.41 B5.4 C6.9 C6.9 D6.9 B2.27 F7.7 F2.15 E5.8 D7.14 F6.4 D6.9 A7.4 G5.2 C6.9 E2.30 C2.15 D7.13 E3.6 F5.3 A5.3 B2.35 A2.34 F1.2 B5.3 D5.3 E1.20 D2.32 B2.43 E

4.1 B2.38 B2.38 C2.11 E

Cataract Vision-Improving PillsCerebix LiquidCerebral Tonic PillsChagpori Tibetan Healing IncenseChang Chun For Prolonging Life CapsuleChen Xiang Hua Qi WanCheryani TailaCheryani TailaChien Chin Chih Tai WanChien Chin Chih Tai WanChien Pu Hu Chien WanChina Mang NumChina Tung Shueh PillsChinese Chien Pu WanChinese PaojiwanChu Pai Hou Tsao SanChu Pai Pao Ying TanChui Feng Su Ho WanChuifong Tiger Bone PillsChunYangZhenQi WanClear MindCobra WineCobratonicCompound Bear Bile Eye DropsConcentrated Powerful FargelinCondense Seal PillsCondensed Heart TonicCornu Antel Opis PowderCough Allaying PillsCough Allaying Pills

DDa Huo Luo DanDa Huo Luo DanDa Huo Luo DanDa Huo Luo DanDa Huo Luo DanDa Huo Luo DanDa Huo Luo DanDaHuo LuoDanDaHuo LuoWanDaHuoLuo DanDaHuoLuo WanDendrobium Moniliforme Night Sight PillsDendrobium Moniliforme Night Sight Pills

Index A-3

2.9 D6.6 A2.10 F7.15 C2.27 G2.19 H6.6 B6.6 E2.4 G2.4 H2.23 H2.43 D2.22 H2.22 D2.15 B5.6 A3.10 C3.9 E2.1 D2.25 A2.3 B6.7 C6.7 B6.3 B2.18 B2.13 H2.22 F5.7 A2.20 D2.22 A

2.2 C2.2 D2.20 A2.33 C2.33 D2.33 E3.2 B3.2 C3.2 A3.6 D3.3 D2.9 C3.3 A

Dendrobium Moniliforme Night Sight PillsDendrobium Moniliforme Night Sight PillsDendrobium Moniliforme Night Sight PillsDendrobium Moniliforme Night Sight PillsDendrobium Moniliforme Night Sight Pills (superior)Dhantara TailaDie Da Feng Shi GaoDie Da Wan Hua OilDie Ha Wan Hua OilDiedayao Wang Revival PillDragon Life Sexual CapsuleDragon Male TonicDragon PillsDried Bear's BileDuZhong HuGu Wan

EE JiaoE JiaoE JiaoE JiaoElephant oilEngergol-MaErke Qili SanExtra Quality Duzhong HuGoWan Capsules

FFargelin for PilesFargelin for Piles - High StrengthFel Ursi Hemorrhoids OintmentFelursa PlasterFoi Chan DanFong Sei Ku Zhe WanFong Sei Ku Zhe WanFoo Kow Yok WongFortified Hai Gou Pien Jian Shen WanFuFangBanMaoJiaoNangFuFangBanMaoJiaoNangFuFangLuHuiJiaoNangFuFangLuHuiJiaoNangFuke YangRonWanFuZhiQing Lotion

Index A-4

3.3 B3.8 A3.8 B3.8 C2.22 C6.6 C1.12 E6.3 D6.3 C2.20 H2.10 G2.14 E3.5 B5.8 C2.29 B

4.2 A4.2 B4.2 C4.2 D7.5 E2.37 B5.5 E2.23 A

2.18 A2.18 C7.7 E1.26 D2.39 E2.23 B2.24 C4.3 B2.13 G2.41 F2.42 C2.7 G2.7 H2.10 A7.8 C

Ganmao Liang Yao Yinqiao JiedupianGastrodia "Headwind" Tablet ConcGeJie Da Bu WanGinjal Seahorse Ghenshen KidneyGinseng Jianbu Hu Qian WanGinseng RootsGiu Pi WanGolden Gun CapsulesGolden Gun CapsulesGolden-Coin Tortoise Antipyretic PillsGuan Yuan Ke liGui Ling JiGui Ling Ji Super TonicGui Pi WanGui Pi WanGui Pi WanGui Pi WanGuu Tong Wan

HHai Gou WanHai Ma Duo Bian WanHai Ma JiuHai Ma Shu Huo GaoHai Ma Shu Huo GaoHai Ma Shu Xiong PiamnHaima Baji CapsuleHaima Sanshen Jiubian WanHaima Sanshen PillHei Bao Bear Bile PowderHei Bao Bear Bile PowderHei Bao Bear Bile PowderHeiBaoXiongDanZhiLingGaoHindu Magic PillHo Yan Hor Herbal TeaHon San Potency Pills Ancient Chinese FormulationHongHua QingXiaoShouShenHou Tsao PowderHou Tsao San for InfantsHou Zao SanHow Kow Yok WongHsiung Tan Tieh Ta WanHu Gu Jiu

Index A-5

2.18 D2.7 D2.20 E2.12 H2.23 D7.12 E2.1 E2.39 A2.39 B2.14 B7.9 E2.3 D2.3 C2.8 A2.8 B2.8 C2.8 D2.27 C

2.14 H2.13 A6.6 H1.11 G1.14 G2.32 C2.13 C2.13 B2.43 C5.2 A5.2 B5.8 B1.25 F2.10 D7.1 F2.28 D2.41 D5.8 E5.3 F5.7 B4.3 A3.3 F6.2 D

G

Hu Ku CheowHu Ku Padon WanHu Ku Wan Tiger Bone PillsHu Tou SheXiang Zhuang Gu GaoHua Tuo Anti-Contusion Rheumatism PlasterHua Tuo Anti-Rheumatism PlasterHuaTuo ZaiZaoWanHuGu MuGua JiuHuGuSheXiangHuGuSheXiangHuGuSheXiangHui Chun DanHui Chun TanHui Chun TanHui Chun Tan Chu Pai Bird NestHuo Luo Medicated OilHuo Zao SanHuoXinWan

IImperial & Superior Sea Dogs PillsImperial Shou Wu GinInflammation Analgesia Plaster

JJawarish JalinusJi Gong Musk Plaster (plus Psuedoginseng Tiger-Bone)Jian Bu Bao Qian WanJian Bu Spur TanJian Bu WanJianBu WanJianBuZhuangGu WanJianWei XiaoYan KeliJilin Chiang Bien WanJin Hai MaJin Qian Gui Zing Du PillsJing Wan HongJing Wan HongJiu Zhan Shen Dan (San Bian Bao Concentrated Capsules)

KKai Kit WanKaiXiong ShunQiWan (ShuiWan)

Index A-6

7.1 H2.24 F2.3 H1.7 A1.23 F1.23 E2.11 C6.2 C1.1 A1.1 B1.1 C5.5 F5.4 F5.6 F5.4 E6.8 F5.7 C2.27 A

2.13 F6.10 B1.29 E

5.1 G1.13 E2.16 D2.16 E2.23 C2.16 B2.16 C7.11 E2.32 E6.7 D2.14 C7.8 D7.8 E2.11 G

2.1 C2.25 F

Kam Tau To Male TonicKedermfaKien Shen WangKindo Dragon PillKings Tonic (for man)Koflet SiroopKonsodona Analgesic PlasterKou Pi Plaster

LLaryngitis PillsLaryngitis PillsLaryngitis PillsLeung See Sea Dog PillsLeung Wah Medicated LiquidLi Bu Jin Qin Capsule (Libu Jinqiu Jiaonang)Li Shih Chen Rheumatism PlasterLignum Aquitaria Diarrhoea and Vomiting PillsLing Yang Jiao FenLing Yang Jiao FenLing Yang Jiao FenLing Yang Qing Fei SanLingchih Ginseng Antler Pai Feng WanLingqiao Jiedu WanLingshin Ginseng Antler Pai Feng WanLingyang Ganmao PianLingYang GanMao JiaoNangLingYang GanMao JiaoNangLingYang GanMao JiaoNangLingYang GanMao JiaoNangLingYang GanMaoPianLingYang JiaoFenLingYangGanMaoPianLingYuan Wanying ChabingLingYuan Wanying ChabingLibu Jinqiu JiaonangLiu Shen WanLiu Shen WanLiu Shen WanLiuShenWanLiu-Shen-WanLiusShen WanLong Hu Jiu BoLui Wei Ba San WanLu-Shen-Wan

Index A-7

2.39 D7.8 B2.28 A2.23 G2.24 A6.4 E1.16 A1.26 E

2.29 E2.29 F2.30 A2.43 A6.6 G2.32 F1.24 A3.11 C5.6 C5.6 D5.6 E5.6 B2.37 E3.11 B2.21 A2.31 F2.30 F2.31 C2.31 D2.31 E2.32 A5.5 D2.14 G7.10 A7.10 B2.32 F2.18 H2.21 F2.33 F2.34 A2.18 G2.34 C7.6 A3.9 F2.18 F

Lu-Shen-Wan

MMagarite Acne PillMale TonicMan Ying Guci KaoMao She Xiang San Xiong Dan Rheumatic OilMaren RunChang WanMayinglong Shexiang Zhichuang Gao (Musk HemorrhoidsOintment)Medicated WineMing Mu PillsMongnan Tianbao PillsMonkey Bezoar PowderMonkey Bone PasteMoschus Analgestic PlasterMoschus Bone-Setting SolutionMoschus Fel Ursi Chufeng T'OukuwanMoschus Notoginseng Hu Ku Zhui Feng GaoMoschus Rheumatic Osteo-Arthritis PlasterMoschus Root of Notoginseng Analgesic PlasterMoschus Zhui Feng GaoMu Xiang Shun Qi WanMu Xiang Shun Qi WanMu Xiang Shun Qi Wan (Aplotaxis Carminative Pills)Muscle & Joint Rub / Indian Nature HealthcareMusk & Dogskin PlasterMusk & Snowlotus Analgesic PlasterMusk & Strong Bone PlasterMusk & Tiger-Bone Analgesic PlasterMusk & Tiger-Bone Analgesic PlasterMusk & Tiger-Bone PlasterMusk & Tiger-Bone PlasterMusk & Tiger-Bone PlasterMusk & Tiger-Bone PlasterMusk & Zhuan-Bone Analgesic PlasterMusk Analgesic Plaster for SprainsMusk and Strong PlasterMusk and Strong PlasterMusk and Tiger-Bone PlasterMusk and Tiger-Bone PlasterMusk and Tiger-Bone PlasterMusk and Tiger-Bone PlasterMusk and Tiger-Bone PlasterMusk and Tiger-Bone Plaster

Index A-8

2.34 B

2.11 D2.25 B1.29 A6.5 C3.10 A7.7 D

6.2 A2.9 G2.27 E5.1 F4.2 F1.11 D6.8 G2.17 D1.8 D1.27 C1.30 A1.20 E2.12 D2.38 D2.17 B7.09 A1.26 F1.29 C1.14 C1.16 B1.16 C1.6 A1.6 H1.7 F1.7 G1.10 E1.4 A1.8 G1.8 H1.4 G1.1 F1.1 G1.3 A1.3 D1.4 B

Musk and Tiger-Bone PlasterMusk and Tiger-Bone PlasterMusk Bone-Roborant PlasterMusk Bone-Strengthening PlasterMusk Bone-Strengthening PlasterMusk Bone-Strengthening PlasterMusk Bone-Strengthening PlasterMusk Chui Fong Tou KuwanMusk Dai Hou Luo OilMusk Hemorrhoids OintmentMusk Hemorrhoids OintmentMusk Hemorrhoids OintmentMusk Hemorrhoids OintmentMusk Incense SticksMusk Medicated PlasterMusk Medicated PlasterMusk Medicated PlasterMusk Pain Relief PlasterMusk Pain Relief PlasterMusk Pain-Killing Plaster (SheXiangZhiTongGao)Musk Pain-Relieving PlasterMusk Pain-relieving PlasterMusk Pain-Relieving PlasterMusk Pheumatism-Expelling PlastersMusk Plaster for Relieving Pain (SheXiangZhiTongTieGao)Musk Plaster for Relieving Pain (SheXiangZhitongTieGao)Musk Rheumatic OilMusk Rheumatic OilMusk Rheumatic PlasterMusk Rheumatic PlasterMusk Rheumatic PlasterMusk RheumaticOilMusk RheumaticOilMusk RheumaticOilMusk Rheumatism Expelling PlastersMusk Rheumatism PlasterMusk Strength-Bone PlasterMusk Strengthen Bone Plaster Musk Strengthening Bone Plaster (SheXiangZhuangGuGao)Musk Tian Qi Tiger Bone Analgesic PlasterMusk Tian Qi Tiger Bone Analgesic PlasterMusk Tian Qi Tiger Bone Analgesic PlasterMusk Tiger Bone Rheumatic OilMusk Tiger-Bone Analgesic PlasterMusk Tiger-Bone PlasterMusk-Tiger Bone Plaster

Index A-9

1.4 C1.6 D1.11 A1.1 E1.9 E1.14 F1.25 C2.17 E6.5 A7.7 A7.7 B7.7 C7.7 D7.2 E1.12 B1.12 C1.13 A1.7 H1.14 B1.6 C1.2 G1.10 G1.13 G1.26 C1.6 B1.6 E6.8 A6.8 E1.24 F1.26 A1.26 B6.8 B6.8 C6.8 D1.28 C1.24 D1.30 B1.19 C1.9 D1.18 E1.18 F1.19 A6.2 E1.21 A1.8 A1.17 A

Musk-Tiger Bone PlasterMuXiangShungiWanMuXiangShunQiWan

NNan BaoNan BaoNan BaoNatural Deer Musk and Tiger Bone Paste (Tian Ran SheXiang Hu Gu Gao)Natural Deer Musk and Tiger Bone Plaster (Tian Ran SheXiang Hu Gu Gao)Natural Gastrodia Elata Blume and Lingzhi CapsuleNatural Musk & tiger Bone Plaster for Sprain RheumatismNatural Musk & Tiger-Bone PlasterNatural Musk & Tiger-Bone PlasterNatural Musk & Tiger-Bone PlasterNatural Musk and Tiger Bone Plaster Natural Musk Bone-Roborant PlasteaNatural Musk Plaster for Bone strenghthingNatural Musk Plaster for Bone Strengthing Natural Musk Plaster for Bone Strengthing Natural Musk Tiger-Bone PlasterNing Sou Wan (Cough Allaying Pills)Ning Sou Wan (Cough Allaying Pills)Niu Huang Chin Hsin WanNiu Huang Ching Hsin WanNiu Huang Ching Hsin WanNiu Huang Ching Hsin Wan (Bezoar Antifebrile Pills)Niu Huang Jiang Ya WanNiu Huang Qingxin WanNiuHuang JiangYaWanNiuHuang JiangYaWanNiuHuang JiangYaWanNongsuowanNourishing MaleNourishing Male Tonic CapsuleNourishing Male Tonic CapsuleNu BaoNu Bao

OOrthodox Gastrodia Tuber SliceOfaden

Index A-10

1.18 B2.33 A2.17 C

2.19 E2.35 E2.35 F1.25 B

1.2 F

2.27 D1.28 A1.8 F1.10 H1.25 A1.17 B1.11 B1.23 B1.23 C1.23 D1.17 C2.20 D2.22 A3.7 F3.1 E3.7 D3.6 F3.7 E3.1 F3.7 A3.7 B3.7 C2.16 H2.28 C2.9 A2.9 B2.19 C2.19 D

7.13 C2.4 D

On Kung Pill

PPai Du Yang YanPak Cheong Tong's Hou-Cho PowderPanax Ginseng Revival PillPangolin golde-Coin Tortoise ExtractumPao Ying TanPazepton - A Golden TigerPearl Ming Yan WanPenyan Jing Granules SuspensionPien Tze HuangPill for Invigorating Spleen & IntestinesPilulae Cortis Eucommiae et Ossis TogrisPlaster of Musk Stronging Skeleton SpPo Chai PillsPo Chai PillsPo Ying DanPomade CrocodilePowo Tong's Chu Pah Hou Cho SanPregnant Woman's TreasuresPremium American GinsengPremium American GinsengPremium GinsengPremium GinsengPremium GinsengPure Natural TianMa Capsule

QQiang Jin Zhu Ang Gu PelletQiangli Shxziang HuKu Zhuifeng WanQiangli TianMaDuZhong WanQianLi TianMa Duzhong JiaoNangQin Yang Chun Hai Ma JiuQing Li Tian Ma Du Zhong CapsulesQingliTianMaDuZhongWanQingliTianMaDuZhongWan

RRelaxed WandererRelaxed WandererRenshen Jianpi WanRheumatism & Healthy Pills

Index A-11

2.34 D

7.5 H5.8 A3.4 D6.5 D3.4 A1.8 B2.37 A7.11 D1.27 F2.26 E2.29 A1.9 A2.4 F2.11 B5.8 F7.9 B5.7 F3.2 F7.2 H7.3 A7.4 D7.12 B7.13 B2.6 C

2.21 C2.37 C2.38 A2.41 A6.7 G2.2 G2.38 E2.40 A

2.3 A6.8 H3.11 A2.24 G

Rhinoceros & Antelope Horn Febrifugal TabletsRhinoceros & Antelope Horn Febrifugal TabletsRumalaya CremeRumalaya CreamRupi Xiao Pian

SSan Bian Bao Concentrated CapsulesSan She Tan Chui Feng WanSanjiu Wetai KeliSea Horse Genital Tonic PillsSea Horse Genital Tonic PillsSeahorse Genital tonic PillsSeal Pen Pen PillsSek Hu Hoi Gwon Min Nan WanSelected GinsengSen Way Chew Chan WanShang Shi Bao Zhen GaoShangfu Analgesic PlasterShangshi Bao Zhen GaoShangShiQuTongGaoShe Xiang BaoXin WanShe Xiang Feng Shi TabletShe Xiang Hu Gu GaoShe Xiang Hu Gu GaoShe Xiang Hu Gu GaoShe Xiang Hu Gu GaoShe Xiang Hu Gu GaoShe Xiang Hu Gu Gao (Musk and Tiger Bone Plaster)She Xiang Hugu GaoShe Xiang Zhen Tong GaoShe Xiang Zhen Tong GaoShe Xiang Zhen Tong GaoShe Xiang Zhen Tong Gao (Moschus Analgestic Plaster)She Xiang Zhi Tong GaoShe Xiang Zhi Tong Tie GaoShe Xiang Zhi Tong Tie GaoShe Xiang Zhuang Gu GaoShe Xiang Zhuang Gu GaoShe Xiang Zhuang Gu GaoShe Xiang Zhuang Gu GaoShe Xiang Zhuang Gu GaoShe Xiang Zhuang Gu GaoShe Xiang Zhuang Gu GaoShe Xiang Zhuang Gu Gao

Index A-12

2.43 B3.2 H7.5 A7.9 C2.21 H

2.11 G2.22 B2.3 G2.12 F2.12 G2.12 E2.36 C2.9 H7.12 F2.10 E1.14 E1.20 A1.28 E1.29 B2.7 F2.7 E1.2 E1.2 H1.3 F1.19 E1.20 C1.4 G1.3 G1.5 B1.29 D1.29 F1.11 D1.6 C1.6 B1.6 E1.3 C1.7 E1.9 D1.10 F1.12 A1.14 D1.15 A1.17 D

She Xiang Zhuang Gu GaoShe Xiang Zhuang Gu GaoShe Xiang Zhuang Gu GaoShe Xiang Zhuang Gu GaoShe X'iang Zhuang Gu GaoShe Xiang Zhuang Gu Gao (Musk Strengthen Bone Plaster)She Xiang ZhuangGuGaoShe Xiang Zhuang Gu Gao is printed inside the packagingShel-Rod Rheumatism CapsulesShenBaoHeJiShenbo Musk-Radix Notoginseng Traumatic & Rheumatic PlasterShenma Jing Zhi Hai Ma Zhuei Feng GaoShenqi Natural Tall Gastrodia CapsuleShenqi Natural Tall Gastrodiae CapsuleShenrongbian WanShenrongbian WanShexiangShexiangSheXiangSheXiang GuanJie ZhitongGaoSheXiang Guanjin ZhitonggaoSheXiang HuGu GaoShexiang HuguaoSheXiang HuGuaoSheXiang HuGuGaoSheXiang Jietong GaoSheXiang JieTongGaoSheXiang ShangShiGaoSheXiang Zhen Tong GaoSheXiang Zhen Tong GaoShexiang Zhen Tong GaoShexiang Zhitong TiegaoShexiang Zhitong TiegaoSheXiang Zhuang GuGaoShexiang Zhuanggu GaoShexiang Zhuanggu Gao Shexiang Zhuanggu Gao SheXiang ZhuangGuGaoSheXiang ZhuangGuGaoSheXiang Zhuifeng GaoSheXiangHuGuGaoSheXiangZhenTongGaoSheXiangZhenTongGaoSheXiangZhuangGu GaoSheXiangZhuangGuGaoSheXiangZhuangGuGao

Index A-13

1.17 E1.17 F1.25 D1.25 E1.13 D1.19 C1.13 F1.4 H2.24 B6.5 H1.28 B1.27 A2.7 B2.7 C2.13 E2.32 D1.1 D1.7 D1.8 C1.24 B1.24 C1.14 H1.7 B1.7 C1.19 B1.28 F1.21 D1.22 C1.21 F1.22 D1.23 A1.4 E1.4 F1.14 A1.3 B1.11 H1.21 E1.22 A1.22 B1.12 D1.5 D1.22 E1.22 F1.1 H1.9 B1.9 C

SheXiangZhuangGuGaoShezhi RuangaoShi He Ming Yan WanShi-He Ming Yan WanShihu Ming Yan WanShiHu Yeguang WanShiHu Yeguang WanShiHu Yeguang WanShiHu Yeguang WanShiHu Yeguang WanShihu Yeguang Wan (Ofaden)ShiZhen Authentic Chinese Herbs: Bai JiShiZhen Authentic Chinese Herbs: Jin Mao gouShu Gan WanShu Gan WanShu Jin LuShuang Loong YuenShuGanWanShui WanShuKan WanSmokeless Moxia SticksSnake Wine Real Speciality of VietnamSong Bao Bears GallStrengthen Bone Moschus AnalgesticStrong Concentrated Shi Hu Ye Guang WanStrong Hua Tuo Rheumatism WanStrong Man BaoStrong Man Magical PillStrong Moschus Hu Ku GaoStrong Plaster for SprainStrong Snake Penis WanStrong Snake Penis WanStrong Tze Pao Sanpien PillsStrong Tze Pao Sanpien PillsStrong Xiao Jin TanStrong Xiao Jin TanSugar coated wild gastodiaSuHe XiangWanSum Sie Phone Sub WanSwallow Nest Magacitae amber Bo Yin DanSwallow Nest Magacitae Amber Chut Lee San

TTa Huo Lo TanTa Huo Lo Tan

Index A-14

1.15 B7.8 A2.28 B2.24 D2.9 E2.2 E2.4 B2.4 C2.17 F3.9 B2.4 D7.10 D7.10 E2.15 H2.16 A6.5 B2.20 G2.15 G2.25 F2.15 F7.2 G6.7 A7.14 C1.10 D2.17 G2.23 F2.35 D2.11 F1.18 D1.18 C2.36 D2.36 E3.4 F3.11 D2.36 A2.36 B2.7 A2.26 G2.15 A5.4 B5.4 A

3.1 G3.1 H

Ta Huo Lo TanTa Huo Lo TanTa Huo Lo TanTa Huo Lo TanTablet Zhang Yan MingTac Ke Hai MaTac Ke Hai MaTapel Awet CantikTapel Ratus ITe Zhi GouPiGaoTeck Aun "Chi-Kit" PillsTeck Aun "Chi-Kit" PillsThe Bodihidharma Medical OilThe Chinese Agkistrodon Acutus PillsTian Ma Dao Chung WanTian Ma Gou Teng WanTian Ma Pteria Plan Toutong WanTian Ma Tian Qi WanTian Ma Wan (concentrated)Tian Ran She Xiang Hu Gu GaoTian Ran She Xiang Hu Gu GaoTian Shan Xue Lian Tong Mai DanTian Xian Capsule PillTianhe - Strong Transdermal delivery adhesive patchTianhe - The New Medicine from ChinaTianhe Rheumatism Expelling PlastersTianma HuGu WanTianMa PianTianma Shouwu PianTianma ShouWu ShampooTianMaDuZhong JiaoNangTianMaHuGuWanTianMaHuGuWanTianMaPianTianMaWan JiaoNangTianMaWanJiaoNangTianWangSheXiangTianWangSheXiangTianWangSheXiangTien Ma Tou Tong WanTienma and Shou WuTienma and Shou Wu (Gastrodia)Tienma Chiu Feng Bu PienTienma Chu Feng Pu PienTienma (sugar coated wild gastodia)Tiger Bone & Five Snakes Medicine Patch for Catagamatic& Rheumatism

Index A-15

3.2 D3.6 A3.6 B3.6 C2.9 F6.7 E6.7 F7.5 F1.13 H1.11 E2.19 A2.19 B6.4 H2.20 F2.5 F2.6 D2.5 E2.5 H2.5 G1.25 B1.2 F2.2 H2.21 G1.12 G1.12 H1.12 F2.2 A2.5 C2.6 A6.5 E2.19 F2.5 A2.5 B2.5 D2.1 A2.19 G1.9 G1.9 H1.10 B2.6 E2.6 B2.6 F2.6 G2.6 H2.7 A1.19 F

Tiger Bone GlueTiger Bone Rheumatism PlasterTiger Bone-Ginseng-Pilose Antler LiquorTiger Bone-Ginseng-Pilose Antler LiquorTiger Deer Tonic PillTigris Bone Rheumatism PlasterTin MaTincture of Tiger BoneTincture of Tiger Bone CompTincture of Tiger Bone CompTinlioti Analgesic PlasterToh Chong Chin Kut WanTong Bi TabletTong Jing Bao Ke LiTong Ren Da HuoLuo DanTong Ren DaHuoLuo DanTong Ren NiuHuang QingXin WanTong Ren NiuHuang QingXin WanTongRen DaHuoLuo DanTortoise and Snakes PowderTotemTou Tong PianTri Ho, SuyenTsai Tsao WanTsu HsuehTung Shueh PillsTze Pao San Pien WanTze Pao San Pien WanTze Pao San Pien WanTze Pao San Pien WanTzepao Sanpien PillsTzu HseuhTzu Hsuer TanTzuHsueh Tan

UUbat Po Chai PillsUnknown Tumor Pellet

VVilapas TailaVilapas Taila

Index A-16

7.10 F1.13 B6.1 C6.1 D2.22 G1.13 C7.11 F6.2 B6.1 G6.1 H1.8 E2.21 D2.21 E7.9 F3.1 A3.1 B3.1 C3.1 D3.6 E5.1 H7.1 E2.25 H6.5 F2.14 F5.1 C2.35 B3.4 G3.4 H3.8 D3.8 E3.3 E5.7 D3.5 G3.5 H

2.4 E2.35 C

6.6 D6.6 F

Wan Jin Fu BaoWan Ling Ren Shen Chin Kuo PillWei-tai "999" CapsuleWei-tai "999nule" GranuleWei-tai "999nule" GranuleWei-Tai 999 CapsuleWei-tai 999 GranulesWhale SpermWhale SpermWhite Musk Incense SticksWoo Whang Chong Shim WonWood Lok PillsWu Ji Bai Feng BolusWu Shen Bao Xin JiaoWu Yan Ai Jiu Tiao (smokeless Moxia Sticks)

XXi Huang WanXi Jiao Hua Du WanXi Lei SanXian Shi Hu JingXiang Sha liu Jun WanXiang Sha liu Jun WanXiang Sha WanXiang Sha Yang Wei DanXiang Sha Yang Wei WanXiang Sha YangWei WanXiang Sha YangWei WanXiangShaLiuJunWanXiangShaYangWeiWanXiangShaYangWeiWanXiangShaYangWeiWanXiangShaYangWeiWanXiangShaYangWeiWanXiangShaYangWeiWanXianShiHu JingXianShiHu JingXiaoerqingrejiedukofuyeXie Xian Zhuang Gu Gao (Musk Bone -StrengtheningPlaster)Xilei SanXileisanXingSha YangWei Wan (Nongsuowan)

Index A-17

7.5 D2.26 D2.3 E7.1 B7.1 C2.25 E7.1 A6.4 F6.4 G7.2 F3.12 A3.2 E3.10 D4.2 E7.2 G

2.36 F3.9 D5.1 E7.5 B2.12 B2.16 G2.1 B2.16 F2.12 C2.17 A2.37 D2.12 A2.30 D2.30 E2.37 F2.40 E2.40 F2.42 E7.5 C7.11 C6.10 A1.9 E

5.1 D5.7 E2.16 H

W

Xiong Dan FenXiong Dan FenXiong Dan FenXiong Dan FenXiong Dan FenXiong Dan FenXiong Dan Fen (Bear Bile Powder) Xiong Dan Jiao Nang Capsula Bears GallXiong Dan JiuXiong Dan JiuXiong Dan Kou Fu YeXiong Dan Wan (Bear's Gall Pills)Xiong Dan Yuan (Bear Bile Pills)Xiong Zhi BaoXiongDan JiuXinDanXiongDan JiuXinDanXiongDan Huangqin DiyanyeXiongDan Zhiling Gao

YYa Kao Kradoog Sua Tra Phra Sua KwangYa-Hom PowderYa-Hom PowderYan Shen Jai Jao WanYan Shen Jai Jao WanYan Shen Jai Jao WanYang Rong WanYang Shen Hu Bao Jing NangYangxue Shengfa JiaonangYim Shea San - FormulaYin Chiao TabletsYishengTang Three Snakes Gallbladder CapsuleYueYueShueYuYueShu

ZZai Zao WanZai Zao WanZhang Zhou Pien Tze HuangZhangYiSanZhen Nao Ning Jiao NangZhi Wei Yao ChaZhu Po Bao Ying DanZhu Po Bao Ying Dan

Index A-18

5.2 C5.2 D7.4 H7.14 E7.14 F7.15 B5.8 D2.30 B6.2 H6.3 A6.9 F2.15 D2.15 E2.27 H2.26 F2.27 F6.4 D7.7 F

7.11 A5.1 A5.5 A2.26 C3.4 C3.9 C2.20 B2.11 A2.8 F5.1 B2.18 E2.24 H2.26 B7.11 B

3.5 A3.11 F7.10 C6.4 C2.40 C3.9 A3.3 G3.10 E

Zhuang Gu GuanJie WanZhuanggu Guanjie WanZhuanggu Shexiang Zhitong GaoZhuanggu SheXiang ZhiTongGaoZhuangGuSheXiangZhuangGuSheXiangZhiTongGaoZhuangu Shexiang Zhitong Gao (Strengthen Bone MoschusAnalgestic Plaster)ZhuangYaoJianShenPianZixue DanZuanggu & Musk Analgesic PlasterZuanggu SheXiang Zhitonggao

Index A-19

2.33 B2.3 F1.5 H1.5 F1.10 C1.10 A1.10 D

2.42 D3.11 E1.21 B1.5 G

A.A. Sadik, GhanaAba Prefecrure Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaAba Prefecrure Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaAba Prefecture Pharmaceutical Factory of Sichuan, ChinaAba Prefecture Pharmaceutical Factory, Sichuan, ChinaAnqing Yuliangqing Co Ltd, ChinaAsiana Food Manufacturing, Hong Kong

BBai Tou Mountain Pharmaceuticals Ltd of Jilin, ChinaBak Cao Tong (HK) Chinese Herbs Manufactures & TradingLtd, Hong KongBear Farm of Mudanjiang Hei Bao Medicine GroupBear Farm of Mudanjiang Hei Bao Medicine GroupBei Lin Chinese Medicine Factory, Xi’anBeihai Jinzhi Natural Health Products Co Ltd, ChinaBeihai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, China Beijing Medical Hygienic Material FactoryBeijing Medical Hygienic Material Factory, ChinaBeijing Pharmaceutical Industry Co, ChinaBeijing Pharmaceutical Industry Co, ChinaBeijing Public Health of Medicines Factory, ChinaBeijing Ton Ren Tang, ChinaBeijing Ton Rentang Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaBeijing Tong Jen Tang, ChinaBeijing Tong Jen Tang, ChinaBeijing Tong Jen Tang, ChinaBeijing Tong Ren Tang 2nd Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaBeijing Tong Ren Tang Group Corporation, ChinaBeijing Tong Ren Tang Limited Company, ChinaBeijing Tong Ren Tang NanBeijing Tong Ren Tang Pharmaceutical FactoryBeijing Tong Ren Tang Pharmaceutical FactoryBeijing Tong Ren Tang Pharmaceutical FactoryBeijing Tong Ren Tang Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaBeijing Tong Ren Tang Pharmaceutical Factory, China

Index B-1

7.51.231.231.261.231.107.4

7.142.28

5.25.22.327.52.321.111.115.45.41.83.13.62.233.63.63.73.13.117.143.63.53.113.63.1

Manufacturer

Index B by manufacturer name

APage(s)

Medicines with no English or romanisation on the packaging cannot belisted in the indexes yet will still be contained in the guide. Identifying aproduct will require visual comparison based on the image of the packagingalone.

Beijing Tong Ren Tang Second Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaBeijing Tong Ren Tang, ChinaBeijing Tong Ren Tang, ChinaBeijing Tong Ren Tang, ChinaBeijing Tongren Tang, ChinaBeijing Tung Jen Tang, ChinaBeijing Tung Jen Tang, ChinaBeijing Tung Jen Tang, ChinaBeijing Zhangguang 101 Group Corp, ChinaBeijing Zhangguang 101 Group Corp, ChinaBeijing Zhangguang 101 Group Corp, ChinaBeijing-Tung Jen Tang, China

CCan Rong Business Group, Lin JiangCapital Health Pharmaceutical Factory Ltd, Hong KongChagpori Tibetan Medical Institute, IndiaChaisengtong Pharmaceutical Factory Ltd, Hong KongChan Li Medical Factory (HK) Ltd, Hong KongChang Shou Medicine Factory, ChinaChangchun Sanshun Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, ChinaChangde Chinese Traditional Drug Manufactory of Hunan, ChinaChangzhen Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaChangzhen Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaChen Li Ji Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaChengdu Longdi Pharmaceutical Co LtdChengdu Seventh Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaChengdu Traditional Chinese Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaCheong Chun Tong Medical Fty, Hong KongChew Wan Medical Hall Sdn Bhd, MalaysiaChew Wan Medical Hall Sdn Bhd, MalaysiaChin Shin Tong, Hong KongChina Beijing Ton Ren Tang Holding Corp, ChinaChina beijing Tong Ren Tang Group Corp, ChinaChina Beijing Tong Ren Tang Group Corporation, ChinaChina Beijing Tong Ren Tang Group Corporation, ChinaChina Beijing Tong Ren Tang Holdings Corp, ChinaChina Chongquing Traditional Medicine Factory, ChinaChina Chongquing Traditional Medicine Factory, ChinaChina Chongquing Traditional Medicine Factory, ChinaChina Chongquing Traditional Medicine Factory, ChinaChina Herb & Natural Products Co, ChinaChina Jilin Provincial Medicines & Health Products Import andExport Corporation, ChinaChina National Chemical Import & Export Corporation GuangdonBranch

Index B-2

3.11.265.13.93.13.26.16.16.36.36.36.2

7.42.147.152.343.51.76.32.61.31.33.101.142.52.296.44.34.35.13.53.103.13.93.51.11.11.11.96.102.32

2.36

China National Chemicals Import + Export Corporation, ChinaChina National Chemicals Import + Export Corporation, ChinaChina National Medicine & Health Products Import & ExportBranch, ChinaChina National Medicine & Health Products Import & Export CorpChina National Medicine & Health Products Import & ExportCorporationChina National Medicine & Health Products Import & ExportCorporationChina National Medicine & Health Products Import & ExportCorporation, ChinaChina National Medicine & Health Products Import & ExportCorporation, ChinaChina National Medicine & Health Products Import + ExportBranch, ChinaChina National Medicines & Health Products I/E Corp, ChinaChina National Medicines & Health Products Imp. & Exp. Corp.Guangzhou, ChinaChina National Medicines & Health Products Import & ExportBranch, ChinaChina National Medicines & Health Products Import & ExportBranch, ChinaChina National Medicines, ChinaChina National Native Produce & Animal By-Products Imp. & Exp.Corporation, Fukien Branch Chuanchow Office, ChinaChina Research Institute of Tradional Chinese Medicine, ChinaChina Sichuan Provincial Pharmaceutical Works, ChinaChinese Great Wall Native Drug Manufactory, ChinaChinese Medcine Import-Export CompanyChing Chung Yuk Po Co, Hong KongChing Tung Wing Chinese Medicine Co Ltd Kwangchow, ChinaChingqing China Changshou Medicine Factory, ChinaChongqing Changshou Making Medicine Factory Co Ltd, ChinaChongqing China Changshou Medicine-FactoryChongqing Hil'An Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, ChinaChongqing Hil'An Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, ChinaChongqing Pei Du Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaChongqing Pei Du Yao Ye, ChinaChongqing Tong Jun Ge Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaChongqing Tradional Chief Factory, ChinaChongqing Tradional Medicine Factory, ChinaChongqing Traditional Medicine, ChinaChongqing Tradttinal Medicine Factory, ChinaChu Tian Pharmaceutical Factory of Suizhou, ChinaChu Tian Pharmaceuticals of Suizhou, ChinaChu Zhou Pharmaceutical Factory, China

Index B-3

2.381.242.17

2.52.14

2.17

2.36

2.36

2.6

2.142.6

2.9

2.20

6.52.11

7.52.306.22.92.242.41.71.81.11.101.101.101.143.31.211.211.91.101.21.131.4

Chung-Lien Drugs Works, ChinaChuzhou Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaCong Ty TNHH Dong Nam Duoc Bao Long, Vietnam

DDailan Traditional Chinese Medicine Factory of Shandong, ChinaDalian Fanmei Pharmaceutical Co LtdDistributed by Mayway Corporation, United States of AmericaDistributed by: KSH Trading Co Ltd, United States of AmericaDong Feng Chengdu Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaDong Ling Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, ChinaDong Ling Pharmaceutical Factory Shen Yang, ChinaDongling Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, ChinaDongling Pharmaceutical Factory of Shenyang, ChinaDujun Guizhou, China

EEu Yan Sang (Hong Kong) Ltd, Hong KongEu Yan Sang (Hong Kong) Ltd, Hong KongEu Yan Sang (Hong Kong) Ltd, Hong KongEu Yan Sang, Hong KongEu Yan Sang, Hong KongEu Yan Sang, Hong Kong

FFatshan Union Medicine Works, ChinaFatshen United Pharmaceutical Works, ChinaFive Pagodas Pharmacy Co Ltd, ThailandFive Pagodas Pharmacy Co Ltd, ThailandForeign Capital Huangshi Li Li Jia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, ChinaFoshan First Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaFu Yuan Group Health Products Factory, ChinaFujian Quanzhou Yatai Preparation Co Ltd, China

GGinseng Company Tian Hui, United States of AmericaGreen Gold Group LLC, United States of AmericaGreen Gold Group LLC, United States of AmericaGuang Zhou United Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaGuangdong Fushan Pharmaceutical Lab, ChinaGuangdong Li Ji Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaGuangdong Weida Group Pharmaceutical Factory, China

Index B-4

7.71.226.5

2.321.62.27.32.51.111.71.111.72.27

5.35.35.12.355.35.3

2.222.25.15.51.252.182.112.27

7.127.47.133.112.373.21.4

Guangdong Yuewei Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., ChinaGuangdong Zhanjiang Jimin Pharmaceutic Group Limited Company, ChinaGuangdong Zhanjiang Jimin Pharmaceutic Group Limited Company, ChinaGuangdong Zhanjiang Jimin Pharmaceutic Group Limited Company, ChinaGuangdong Zhanjiang Jimin Pharmaceutic Group Limited Company, ChinaGuangzhou Chen Li Ji Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaGuangzhou First Chinese Medicine Factory, ChinaGuangzhou Jing Xio Tang Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaGuangzhou Jing Xiu Tang Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, ChinaGuangzhou Jing Xiutang Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, ChinaGuangzhou Jingxiutang Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, ChinaGui Zhou Creen Sun Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, ChinaGuilin Fourth Pharmaceutical, ChinaGuilin Tianhe Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, ChinaGuilin Tianhe Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, ChinaGuilin Tianhe Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, ChinaGuiyang Chinese Medicine Factory, ChinaGuizhou Shenqi No 2 Herbs Co Ltd, ChinaGuizhou Shenqi No 2 Herbs Plant, China

HHa Kwok Cheung, Hong KongHa Kwok Cheung, Hong KongHai Ma Jiu Factory Ltd, ChinaHainan Logos Medicine Co Ltd, ChinaHamdard laboratories (waqf), PakistanHan Sheng Tang, ChinaHangzhou Rende Medicine Co Ltd, ChinaHangzhou Rende Medicine Co Ltd, ChinaHanzhong Chinese Medicine Factory of the Province of Shanxi, ChinaHarbin Chinese Medicine Factory No2, ChinaHarbin Chinese Medicine Factory No2, ChinaHarbin Shi Yi Tang Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaHarbin Shiyitang Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaHarmonia L Naturalesa, Principat D'AndorraHefei Divine Deer Group Jiuhua Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, ChinaHefei Divine Deer Group Jiuhua Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, ChinaHefei Divine deer Group No 2 Factory of Traditional ChineseMedicine, ChinaHefei Divine deer Group No 2 Factory of Traditional ChineseMedicine, ChinaHei Bao Medicine (Group) Corporation, ChinaHei Bao Medicine (Group) Corporation, ChinaHei Bao Medicine (Group) Corporation, ChinaHeilongjiang Hei Bao Medicine Co Ltd

Index B-5

1.41.291.121.121.132.262.281.261.266.36.37.81.281.121.121.122.292.72.7

1.131.136.71.145.12.281.91.222.56.16.12.72.432.332.122.122.12

2.12

6.95.81.252.27

Heilongjiang Hei Bao Medicine Co. Ltd.Heilongjiang Hei Bao Medicine Co. Ltd.Henan Lingrui Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, ChinaHenan Lingrui Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd.Henan Wanxi Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, ChinaHenan Wanxi Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, ChinaHenan Wanxi Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, ChinaHeng Tien Huat Pharmacy, ThailandHo Yan Hor Sdn Bhd, MalaysiaHockhuaHong Kong Chi Chun Tang Herbal Factory, Hong KongHong Kong Chien Cao Tong Medical LtdHong Kong Huang Lam TongHong Kong Medicine Manufactory, Hong KongHong Kong Pharmaceutical FactoryHong Thaj Traditional Medicine Manufactory, VietnamHong Thaj Traditional Medicine Manufactory, VietnamHP Cosmetics, Dominican RepublicHP Cosmetics, Dominican RepublicHsu's Ginseng Enterprises & Farms Inc, United States of AmericaHu Qing Yu Tang Traditional Chinese Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaHubei ChinaHubei Huangshi Likang Pharmaceut Co Ltd, ChinaHubei Huangshi Likang Pharmaceut Co Ltd, ChinaHung Chi Tang Pharmaceutical Works, ChinaHysan Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, China

IImported by Holistic Health Products, NetherlandsImported by Holistic Health Products, NetherlandsImported by Holistic Health Products, NetherlandsImported by Holistic Health Products, NetherlandsImported by Holistic Health Products, NetherlandsImported by Holistic Health Products, NetherlandsImported by Holistic Health Products, NetherlandsInner Mongolia Medicine Factory, Inner Mongolia

JJi Sheng Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaJi Sheng Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaJian Chun PaiJian Min Drug Manufactory, ChinaJian Min Pharmaceutical Factory of Wuhan, ChinaJin Feng Pharmaceuticals Ltd of Jingsha, China

Index B-6

7.76.41.51.52.402.427.117.117.17.42.132.105.42.133.116.76.76.46.47.32.211.141.161.163.21.23

6.66.66.66.66.46.66.62.2

6.16.16.21.191.211.9

Jin Feng Pharmaceuticals Ltd. of Jingsha, ChinaJin Hai Ma Jiu Co Ltd, China

KKaifeng Medical College Pharmaceutical factory, ChinaKan Herb Company, United States of AmericaKan Herb Company, United States of AmericaKan Herb Company, United States of AmericaKunming JIDA Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, ChinaKunming Jindian Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaKunming Native Drugs Factory of Yunnan, ChinaKunming Native Drugs Factory, ChinaKwan Tung Bai Yuen Tong Factory, Hong KongKwan Tung Bai Yuen Tong Factory, Hong KongKwan Tung Pak Yuen Tong Main Factory, Hong KongKwan Tung Pak Yuen Tong Union Medicine Fty, Hong KongKwang Dong Pharm Co Ltd, KoreaKwangchow First Chinese Medicine Factory, ChinaKwangchow First Chinese Medicine Factory, ChinaKwangchow Medical Factory, ChinaKwangchow Pharmaceutical Industrial Corp, ChinaKwangchow Pharmaceutical Industry Co, ChinaKwangchow Pharmaceutical Industry Co, ChinaKwangchow Pharmaceutical Industry Co, ChinaKwangchow Pharmaceutical Industry Co, ChinaKwangchow Pharmaceutical Industry Co, ChinaKwangchow Pharmaceutical Industry Co, ChinaKwangchow Pharmaceutical Industry Co, ChinaKwangchow Pharmaceutical Industry Co. Kwnagchow, ChinaKwangchow Pharmaceutical Industry Corp, ChinaKwangchow Pharmaceuttical Industry Co, ChinaKwangchow United Manufactory of Chinese Medicine, ChinaKwangchow United Manufactory of Chinese Medicine, ChinaKwangchow United Manufactory of Chinese Medicine, ChinaKwangchow United Manufactory of Chinese Medicine, ChinaKwangchow United Manufactory of Chinese Medicine, China Kwangchow United Manufactory of Chinese Medicine, PRCKwei-yang Biochemical Pharmaceutical Factory Kweichow, China

LLangzhou Fo Cl Herb Factory, ChinaLanzhou Fo Ci Pharmaceutical Factory of Lanzhou, ChinaLanzhou Fo Cl Hernb Factory, ChinaLanzhou Fo Cl Pharmaceutical Factory, China

Index B-7

1.66.7

2.252.32.36.87.112.382.62.62.372.362.216.83.122.222.62.216.52.222.41.41.191.271.271.182.92.222.231.231.202.172.362.232.92.7

2.202.172.82.2

Lanzhou Fo Cl Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaLanzhou Fo Cl Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaLanzhou Fo Cl Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaLanzhou Fo Cl Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaLanzhou Fo Cl Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaLanzhou Fo Cl Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaLanzhou Fo Cl Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaLanzhou Fo Cl Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaLanzhou Fo Cl Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaLanzhou Fo Cl Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaLanzhou Fo Cl Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaLanzhou Minshan Pharmaceutical Company, ChinaLanzhou Minshan Pharmaceutical Company, ChinaLanzhou Minshan Pharmaceutical Company, ChinaLanzhou Minshan Pharmaceutical Company, ChinaLanzhou Taibao Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaLanzhou Taibao Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaLanzhou Taibao Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaLanzhou Taibao Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaLanzhou Taibao Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaLeung Wah Medicine Co Ltd, Hong KongLi Chung Shing Tong, Hong KongLi Chung Shing Tong, Hong KongLi Kang Pharmaceutic Co Ltd, ChinaLi Kang Pharmaceutical Factory of Huangshi, ChinaLi Yuan Pharmaceuticals Pty LtdLiaohe Pharmaceutical Factory of Shenyang, ChinaLiaohe Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaLiaohe Pharmaceutical Manufactory, ChinaLiji Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaLing Hai Hong Ma Health Products Co. Ltd.Lingrui Pharmaceutical Co LtdLisheng Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaLisheng Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaLisheng Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaLisheng Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaLisheng Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaLiu He Pharmaceutical Factory of Jilin, ChinaLS, United States of AmericaLuo Yang Ocean Pharmaceutical Co Ltd

MMa Pak Leung Co Ltd, ChinaMaharishi Ayurveda Corporation Ltd, IndiaManufacturer not known, United States of America

Index B-8

2.22.202.82.82.162.172.202.222.152.162.52.192.102.162.152.202.82.62.162.166.62.42.41.161.152.271.41.61.192.172.111.102.192.352.352.192.192.157.32.32

2.392.377.3

Manufacturer not known, United States of AmericaMayinglong Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd. of Wuhan, ChinaMedical Hygienic Material Factory of Heng Yang, ChinaMedical Hygienic Material Factory of HengYang, ChinaMedical Hygienic Material Factory of Huangshi, ChinaMedical Hygienic Material Factory of Huangshi, ChinaMedical Hygienic Material Factory of Jiangxi, ChinaMedical Hygienic Material Factory of Jinan, ChinaMedical Hygienic Material Factory of Jinan, ChinaMedical Hygienic Material Factory of Pingjaing, ChinaMedical Hygienic Material Factory of Shanghai, ChinaMedical Hygienic Material Headquarter Factory of Xiangxi, ChinaMedical Product Factory of ZuTong, ChinaMedicinal Oil Works of Zhanjiang, ChinaMing Kang Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaMoys, United States of AmericaMoys, United States of America

NNanfang Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaNanfeng Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaNanfeng Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaNanfeng Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaNanfeng Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaNanfeng Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaNanking Drug Manufactory, ChinaNanning Leung Yee Hin Medicine Mfy Ltd.National Medicines & Health Products, ChinaNo. 5 Pharmaceutical Factory of Chengdu, China

O

PPeking Health Products Company, ChinaPeking Medicine ManufactoryPeking Medicine Manufactory, ChinaPeking Medicine Manufactory, ChinaPeking Medicine Manufactory, ChinaPeking Medicine Manufactory, Hong Kong Peking Medicine Manufactory, Hong Kong Peking Medicine Manufactory, Hong Kong Peking Toung Jen Tang, ChinaPeking Tung Jen Tang, China

Index B-9

7.127.71.151.171.21.111.141.51.251.81.241.36.86.82.57.27.3

7.12.252.37.17.12.253.73.51.271.25

1.31.181.81.192.232.133.43.115.73.6

Pharmaceutical Factory of West China Medical Factory, ChinaPharmaceutical Factory, JapanPharmaceutical Sanjiu Factory (M) BhdPing Bian Pharmaceutical Factory of Yunnan, ChinaPing Bian Pharmaceutical Factory of Yunnan, ChinaPo Wo Tong Pharmaceutical LtdPrince of Peace Ent Inc, United States of AmericaPrince of Peace Enterprises, United States of AmericaProprietary Chinese Medicine of Beijing, ChinaPT Ikong Pharmaceutical Industry, IndonesiaPT Maryon Mondo, IndonesiaPT Nyonlya Meneer, IndonesiaPublic Health of Materials Factory, China

QQixing Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, ChinaQixing Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, China

RRare Animal Farm of LongChuan, Yunnan, China

SSale Agents: Science Arts Co. Pty. Ltd., ChinaSales Agent: Zixing Trading Co Pte Ltd, ChinaSandesh Agarbathi Co, IndiaSandesh Agarbathi Co, IndiaSanming Pharmaceutical Factory of Fujian, ChinaShan Xi Guang Yu Yuan Traditional Chinese Medicine Co Ltd, ChinaShanghai Chinese Medicine Works, ChinaShanghai Chinese Medicine Works, ChinaShanghai Chinese Medicine Works, ChinaShanghai Chinese Medicine Works, ChinaShanghai Medicine Materials Corporation, ChinaShanghai Medicine Materials Corporation, ChinaShanghai Native Medicine Works, ChinaShanghai Native Medicine Works, ChinaShanghai No 1 Chinese Medicine Works, ChinaShanghai No 3 Traditonal Chinese Medicine Manufactory, ChinaShanghai Tian Ping Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaShanshi Health Material Factory, ChinaShanshi Health Material Factory, ChinaShanxi Houma Chinese Herbal Medicine Production Plant, ChinaShanxi Houma Chinese Herbal Medicine Production Plant, China

Index B-10

7.92.152.335.85.85.77.37.32.362.127.51.131.10

5.75.7

5.2

1.131.177.27.22.112.32.182.341.141.287.47.46.22.232.71.212.251.41.42.282.9

Shanxi Houma Chinese Herbal Medicine Production Plant, ChinaShanxi Tradition Chinese Pharmaceutical Works, ChinaShen Yang Kangjia Medicial & Health Products Co Ltd, ChinaShen Yang Traditional Chinese Medicine Works, ChinaShenji Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaShenyang Shenlong Drug Industry Co LtdSheuzhen Yishengtang Biological Products Co Ltd, ChinaShi Yi Tang Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaShiZhen Authentic Chinese Herbs, ChinaShiZhen Authentic Chinese Herbs, ChinaShung Fat See Medicine Company, Hong KongSian Drug Works, ChinaSichuan Chengdu Tradional Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaSichuan Company China National Medicines & Health ProductsImport & Export Corporation, ChinaSichuan Musk Deer Farm Research InstituteSinitic Chinese Medicine Pte LtdSinjiang Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaSinma Medical Products (M) Sdn Bhd, MalaysiaSuzhong Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaSuzhou Langlifu Heath Food Co Ltd, ChinaSuzhou Lei Yun Shang Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaSzechuan Provincial Pharmaceutical Factory, China

TTa Ang Pharmaceutical Company,. TaiwanTai Hua Tang Pharmaceuticals LtdTai Yuet Tong Medicine Manufactory, Hong KongTeck Aun Medical Fty Sdn Bhd, MalaysiaTeck Aun Medical Fty Sdn Bhd, MalaysiaThe Fifth Chengdu Pharmaceutical FactoryThe Fifth Chengdu Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaThe Fifth Chengdu Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaThe Forth Pharmaceutical Factory of Guilin, ChinaThe Fu Sung Pharmaceutic Works, ChinaThe Gulin United Pharmaceutical Manufactory, ChinaThe Himalaya Drug Company, IndiaThe Himalaya Drug Company, IndiaThe Himalaya Drug Company, IndiaThe Pharmaceutical Factory of the Hei Bao Medicine Company, ChinaThe Pharmaceutical Factory of the Heibao Medicine GroupCompany, chinaThe Tai Yang Dao Pharmaceutical Factory of Harbin, ChinaThe Tai Yang Dao Pharmaceutical Factory of Harbin, ChinaThe Tai Yang Dao Pharmaceutical Factory of Harbin, China

Index B-11

2.92.32.131.62.132.412.242.267.107.103.22.242.92.23

7.152.252.352.157.115.13.22.29

2.352.432.202.192.191.111.251.251.262.36.57.97.57.96.96.9

1.11.11.1

The United Pharmaceutical Manufactory, ChinaThe United Pharmaceutical Manufactory, ChinaThe United Pharmaceutical Manufactory, ChinaThe United Pharmaceutical Manufactory, ChinaThe United Pharmaceutical Manufactory, ChinaThe United Pharmaceutical Manufactory, ChinaThe United Pharmaceutical Manufactory, ChinaThe United Pharmaceutical Manufactory, ChinaThe United Pharmaceutical Manufactory, ChinaThe United Pharmaceutical Manufactory, ChinaThe United Pharmaceutical Manufactory, ChinaTian Jin Shi Zhong Yao Zhi Yao Chang, ChinaTian Jin Tong Ren Tang Zhi Yao Chang, ChinaTian Shan Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, DalianTianjin Darentang Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaTianjin Darentang Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaTianjin Darentang Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaTianjin Drug Manufactory, ChinaTianjin Drug Manufactory, ChinaTianjin Grandsberg Pharmaceutical Co LtdTianjin Lerentang Drug Manufactory, ChinaTianjin Lerentang Drug Manufactory, ChinaTianjin Lerentang Pharmaceutical Factory of Tianjin, ChinaTianjin Lerentang Pharmaceutical Factory of Tianjin, ChinaTianjin Medicines & Health Products Import & Export Corporation, ChinaTientsin Drug Manufactory, ChinaTientsin Drug Manufactory, ChinaTientsin Drug Manufactory, ChinaTientsin Drug Manufactory, ChinaTientsin Drug Manufactory, ChinaTientsin Drug Manufactory, ChinaTon Tex Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, ChinaTon Tex Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, ChinaTon Tex Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, ChinaTong Ba Pharmaceutical Factory of Sichuan, ChinaTong Hua Dong Bao GroupTong Ren Tang Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaTong Ren Tang Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaTong Xiang Medical Products Factory of Zhejiang, ChinaTonghua White Mountain Pharmaceutical Works, ChinaTsinan People’s Medicine Works Tsinan, ChinaTsinan People’s Medicine Works Tsinan, ChinaTsinan Peoples Medicine Works, ChinaTsinan Peoples Medicine Works, China

Index B-12

3.92.182.183.35.61.242.242.42.42.263.92.181.32.133.73.73.72.42.187.42.42.122.122.122.72.341.282.332.332.93.81.246.86.85.22.403.13.11.112.213.33.83.33.8

Tsinan Peoples Medicine Works, ChinaTsinan Peoples Medicine Works, China

UUnited Pharmaceutical Manufactory, ChinaUnited Pharmaceutical Manufactory, ChinaUnited Pharmaceutical Manufactory, ChinaUnited Pharmaceutical Manufactory, ChinaUnited Pharmaceutical Manufactory, China

VVigor Pharmaceutical Co Ltd of Jilin, China

WWah Loong Co Ltd, ChinaWah Yan Hing Chem Fty, Hong KongWai Yuen Tong Medicine Medicine Co Ltd, Hong KongWai Yuen Tong Medicine Medicine Co Ltd, Hong KongWuchou Drug Manufactory, ChinaWuhan Mayinglong Pharmaceutical Group Co LtdWuhan Mayinglong Pharmaceutical Group Co LtdWuhan N0 3 Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaWuhan, Jianmin Pharmaceutical (Groups) Co Ltd, China

XXi Shuang Ban Na Pharmaceutical Factory of Yunnan, ChinaXi’an Traditional Chinese Medicine Factory, China

YYamoto Pharmaceutical Factory, Hong KongYan Tai Kang Ping Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaYanbian Jilin Provinee, ChinaYangcheng Pharmaceutical Stock Co Ltd, ChinaYantai Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaYantai Traditional Chinese Medicine Factory of Shandong, ChinaYantai Traditional Chinese Medicine Factory of Shandong, ChinaYantai Traditional Chinese Medicine Factory of Shandong, ChinaYantai Traditional Chinese Medicine Factory of Shandong, ChinaYe Mei Co. Ltd,Hainan, ShuangLong Health Products Factory, HainanYi Kang Pharmaceuticals Ltd, GuangdongYu Kang Medicinal Products Factory of Kangzhou, China

Index B-13

2.222.43

3.105.33.42.223.4

2.13

7.112.245.85.83.77.77.77.71.19

1.122.10

2.242.217.136.103.33.43.43.83.86.62.311.12

Yu Kang Medicinal Products Factory of Zhejiang, ChinaYu Liang Pharmaceutical Factory of An’ning, ChinaYulin Drug Manufactory, ChinaYulin Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaYun Feng Health Product Factory, ChengduYun Nan Meng Sheng Zhi Yao Chang, ChinaYun Nan-Feng Chong Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaYunan Pinbian Pharmaceutical Factory

ZZhan Jiang Ji Min Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd, ChinaZhang Feng Pharmaceutical Factory of Yunnan, ChinaZhangfeng Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaZhangfeng Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaZhangzhou Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaZhangzhou Pharmaceutical Factory, ChinaZhanjiang Hygienic Materials FactoryZhong Mei Joint Venture, Rui Fu Xiang Pharmaceutical Co LtdZunsengheng Medical Factory, Thailand

Index B-14

1.231.296.52.207.61.93.46.9

1.306.92.302.301.277.101.262.437.1

HM Customs and Excise are responsible for enforcing CITES andEuropean Union wildlife regulations at import and export. Customshas a dedicated team of officers based at Heathrow airport whospecialise in wildlife law enforcement and intelligence gathering.This team is supported by a network of officers based in theCustoms regions around the United Kingdom.HM Customs and Excise CITES Team, Custom House, NettletonRoad, Heathrow Airport, Middlesex, TW6 2LA. www.hmce.gov.uk

TRAFFIC, the wildlife trade monitoring network, works to ensurethat trade in wild plants and animals is not a threat to the conser-vation of nature. It has offices covering most parts of the world andworks in close co-operation with the Secretariat of the Conventionon International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna andFlora (CITES).TRAFFIC International, 219a Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3ODL, UK. www.traffic.org

WWF’s mission is to stop the degradation of the planet’s naturalenvironment and to build a future in which humans live in harmonywith nature, by conserving the word’s biological diversity, ensuringthat the use of renewable resource is sustainable and promoting thereduction of pollution and wasteful consumption.WWF-UK, Panda House, Weyside Park, Godalming, Surrey, GU71XR, UK. www.wwf-uk.org

The CITES Secretariat helps the Parties to implement CITES byproviding interpretation of the provisions of the Convention, andadvice on its practical implementation. The Secretariat alsoconducts a number of projects to help to improve the implemen-tation, such as giving training seminars and developing trainingmaterials, as well as examining the status of species in trade, andensuring that their exploitation remains within sustainable limits. C I T E S Secretariat, 15 Chemin des Anémones, CH-1219Châtelaine, Geneva, Switzerland. www.cites.org

The Partnership for Action against Wildlife Crime (PAW) is a multi-agency body comprising representatives of the org a n i s a t i o n sinvolved in wildlife law enforcement in the UK. It provides oppor-tunities for both statutory and non-Government organisations towork together to combat wildlife crime. Its main objective is topromote the enforcement of wildlife conservation legislation,through supporting the networks of Police and Customs officers.Department for Environment, Food and Rural A ffairs is theSecretariat for PAW.Department for Environment, Food and Rural A ffairs, Temple QuayHouse, 2 The Square, Bristol, BS1 6EB, UK. www. d e f r a . g o v.uk/paw

Taiwan's Council of Agriculture is the principal agency responsiblefor wildlife conservation at the executive level. The Council ofAgriculture oversees implementation of Taiwan's Wi l d l i f eConservation Law (WCL) which covers a range of conservationissues affecting wild fauna, including domestic and internationaltrade in protected species.Council of Agriculture, 37 Nanhai Road, Taipei, Taiwan 100-14.eng.coa.gov.tw

stephanie pendry crawford allan joyce wu · cop12 the secretariat decided that this excellent...

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