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Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Review Days 2007, Brussels 10th-11th October SOLREF (SES6-CT-2004-502829) Stephan Möller DLR – German Aerospace Center in the Helmholtz-Association Solar Research

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  • Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Review Days 2007, Brussels 10th-11th October

    SOLREF(SES6-CT-2004-502829)

    Stephan MöllerDLR – German Aerospace Center

    in the Helmholtz-Association

    Solar Research

  • Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Review Days 2007, Brussels 10th-11th October

    Solar Steam Reforming - Partnership� Seven participants from seven countries

    1. Project achievements

    aptaptLLABABCERTH/CPERICERTH/CPERICERTH/CPERIaptaptLLABABCERTH/CPERICERTH/CPERICERTH/CPERI

    GermanyGermany

    GreeceGreece

    The NetherlandsThe Netherlands

    SwitzerlandSwitzerlandUnited KingdomUnited Kingdom

    IsraelIsrael

    ItalyItaly

  • Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Review Days 2007, Brussels 10th-11th October

    Project main objectives

    � Develop an advanced 400 kWth solar reformer� Investigate various catalyst systems� Simulate mass and heat transport and reaction in

    porous absorber� Perform thermodynamic and thermochemical

    analyses to support the system design phase� Operate the reformer with gas mixtures which

    represent the variety of possible feedstock on thesolar tower at WIS, Israel, producing partly-solarhydrogen

    1. Project achievements

  • Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Review Days 2007, Brussels 10th-11th October

    Project main objectives

    � Evaluate new operation strategies� Pre-design of a 1 MWth prototype plant

    Conceptual layout of a commercial 50 MWthreforming plant

    � Assess on potential markets including costestimation and environmental, socio-economic,and institutional impacts

    1. Project achievements

  • Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Review Days 2007, Brussels 10th-11th October

    Milestones

    1. Project achievements

    date: 04/04 03/06 12/07 05/08 12/08

    WP 1: Catalytic system

    WP 2: Reformer

    WP 3: Solar Operation

    WP 4: Pre-design ofprototype plant

    WP 5: Studies

    absorbersegments

    reformer

    testing: start end

    pre-designst

    art o

    f the

    pro

    ject

    end

    of th

    e pr

    ojec

    t

    strategy

    Note:Note: Due to problems during the manufacturing of the reformer, the pDue to problems during the manufacturing of the reformer, the project isroject isdelayed. A duration extension of about one year is expecteddelayed. A duration extension of about one year is expected –– already included above.already included above.

  • Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Review Days 2007, Brussels 10th-11th October

    Progress� Catalyst development

    � Noble metal content of the final selected catalyst system couldbe reduced by 80% in comparison to the SOLASYS catalyst.

    1. Project achievements

    � Highly active for steam reforming and highly absorptivefor concentrated solar energy.

  • Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Review Days 2007, Brussels 10th-11th October

    vessel

    absorber inletmain absorber

    insulationdistributor

    gas channel inletgas collector outlet

    front flangeextension

    window

    Progress

    � Reformer (400kWth, 10 bars,900°C)

    � Different concepts have beeninvestigated.

    � Mass of front flange wasreduced by 40%.

    � The mass flow through theabsorber is regulated.

    � Metal components and theabsorber are manufactured andthe final assembling will takeplace until the end of 2007.

    1. Project achievements

  • Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Review Days 2007, Brussels 10th-11th October

    Progress

    1. Project achievements

    � Market potential� In Algeria about 72,000TWh/y can be used for solar H2

    production! (yellow and red area, along existing NG-pipelines)� That is more than enough to produce today’s H2 amount (world-

    wide) completely in a renewable way!

    AreaArea in km²in km² Solar PotentialSolar Potential AlgeriaAlgeriawithinwithin 50 km of gas50 km of gas pipelinepipeline

    DNI inDNI inkWh/m²/ykWh/m²/y

  • Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Review Days 2007, Brussels 10th-11th October

    � H2-production via reforming using concentratedsolar energy� Partly solar H2� Production costs of less than 14 €/GJH2 or 1.7 €/kg H2

    (large scale, solar-only) are possible.� Carbon-dioxide-lean or neutral depending on the methane

    source (NG, biogas, etc.) w/o CO2 sequestration� Catalyst development for solar reforming

    � highly active� good absorptivity of the concentrated solar radiation� cost effective

    2. Alignment to IP

    Implementation

  • Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Review Days 2007, Brussels 10th-11th October

    � The process heat provided by combustion of fossilfuels in the conventional case can be providedcompletely by concentrated solar energy usingsolar-thermal concentrating systems.� Saving of (fossil) fuels up to 38% (based on LHV and reforming

    efficiency of 75%), because fossil fuels can be used up to 100%only for chemical issues. Note: The savings are higher whenCCS is applied!

    - High level policy objective regarding security of energy supply� Reduction of CO2-Emissions.

    - High level policy objective regarding reduction of GHG emissions

    SOLREF – MotivationWhy solar steam reforming?

    2. Alignment to IP

  • Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Review Days 2007, Brussels 10th-11th October

    2007

    2010

    2015

    2020

    2025

    Transition processespartly renewable H2 frome.g. solar steam reforming

    CO2-free processesrenewable H2 from e.g. solar thermo-chemical cycles or solar HT steamelectrolysis

    pilot plant

    basicresearch

    appliedresearch

    first commercialplant - few MWs

    appliedresearch

    pilot plant first commercialplant - few MWs

    IDA 2 – Portfolio of ActionsSuggestion: Include Solar Reforming!

    � It is the most convenient way to start today the renewable H2 society� Inexpensive in comparison to renewable H2� Precursor for the scaling-up of CO2-free processes such as solar

    thermo-chemical-cycles

    lessonlearned

    lessonlearned

    lessonlearned

    2. Alignment to IP

  • Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Review Days 2007, Brussels 10th-11th October

    IDA 2 – Portfolio of ActionsSuggestion: Include Solar Reforming!

    SolarSolarreformingreforming

    Graph taken from theIMPLEMENTATION PLANStatus 2006 – adapted

    2. Alignment to IP

  • Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Review Days 2007, Brussels 10th-11th October

    3. Cross-cutting issues

    � Education: Students, PhD students� Dissemination:

    � Installation of a project website. http://www.solref.dlr.de� Publications in scientific and popular press� Presenting scientific results at conferences� Organisation of media events and

    workshops/colloquium� Participation at trade fairs

    Communication

  • Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Review Days 2007, Brussels 10th-11th October

    4. Enhancing cooperationand future perspectives

    � Cooperation on EU-level and international levelexisted/exists. E.g. with INNOHYP CA, HySafeNoE and SolarPACES.

    � Informal network exists with Japan and Australiawith the aim to realise common projects.

    Cooperation

  • Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Review Days 2007, Brussels 10th-11th October

    � Potential interactions with projects ororganisations in the field of development ofinnovative reformers using concentrated solarenergy as process heat in only-solar or hybridmode.� Maghreb-Europe project (CETH, France),� DLR/NEAL (New Energy Algeria, agency for renewable

    energies)

    4. Enhancing cooperationand future perspectives

    Cooperation

  • Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Review Days 2007, Brussels 10th-11th October

    Vision 1

    10

    Installed capacity in MWth

    20122008

    SOLREF

    2020years

    single sitedemonstration

    1 MW pilot plant

    Solar ReformingAn important stepinto a renewable hydrogen production.