step up to: discovering psychology by john j. schulte, psy.d

Step Up To: Step Up To: Discovering PsychologyDiscovering Psychology

by John J. Schulte, Psy.D.by John J. Schulte, Psy.D.

Step Up To: Step Up To: Discovering PsychologyDiscovering Psychology

by John J. Schulte, Psy.D.by John J. Schulte, Psy.D.

From: Hockenbury & From: Hockenbury & HockenburyHockenbury

Discovering Psychology Discovering Psychology 4e4eWorth Publishers (2007)Worth Publishers (2007)

From: Hockenbury & From: Hockenbury & HockenburyHockenbury

Discovering Psychology Discovering Psychology 4e4eWorth Publishers (2007)Worth Publishers (2007)

Chapter 12: Stress, Health, and Chapter 12: Stress, Health, and CopingCoping

Chapter 12: Stress, Health, and Chapter 12: Stress, Health, and CopingCoping

Stressed Out?

Mind-Body Connection

Why Me?

Deal with it!

Applications

100

200

300

400

500

Stressed Out?

100

200

300

400

500

Mind-Body Connection

100

200

300

400

500

Why Me?

100

200

300

400

500

Deal with it!

100

200

300

400

500

Applications

1. Whether or not we 1. Whether or not we experience stress depends experience stress depends upon:upon:

1. Whether or not we 1. Whether or not we experience stress depends experience stress depends upon:upon:• A) the situation.

• B) how life-threatening it is.

• C) our cognitive appraisal.

• D) whether or not others are involved.

• A) the situation.

• B) how life-threatening it is.



2. The Social Readjustment 2. The Social Readjustment Rating Scale was designed to Rating Scale was designed to measure:measure:

2. The Social Readjustment 2. The Social Readjustment Rating Scale was designed to Rating Scale was designed to measure:measure:• A) the impact of positive and

negative events on stress.• B) the impact of negative events on

stress.• C) the person’s subjective

appraisal of an event.• D) the individual’s response to

stressful events.

• A) the impact of positive and negative events on stress.

• B) the impact of negative events on stress.

• C) the person’s subjective appraisal of an event.

• D) the individual’s response to stressful events.

3.3. Everyday minor events that Everyday minor events that annoy and upset people are annoy and upset people are called:called:

3.3. Everyday minor events that Everyday minor events that annoy and upset people are annoy and upset people are called:called:• A) stressors.

• B) daily hassles.

• C) life changes.

• D) normal setbacks.

• A) stressors.




4.4. Individuals who come to Individuals who come to another country and adopt another country and adopt the new culture as their own the new culture as their own are said to be:are said to be:


• A) migrants.

• B) immigrants.

• C) acculturated.

• D) assimilated.

• A) migrants.

• B) immigrants.


• D) assimilated.

5.5. Robert received an offer for a Robert received an offer for a job he really wanted, but it was job he really wanted, but it was in a location where he did not in a location where he did not want to live. This is an example want to live. This is an example of a(n) __ conflict.of a(n) __ conflict.

5.5. Robert received an offer for a Robert received an offer for a job he really wanted, but it was job he really wanted, but it was in a location where he did not in a location where he did not want to live. This is an example want to live. This is an example of a(n) __ conflict.of a(n) __ conflict.

• A) approach-approach

• B) avoidance-avoidance

• C) partial-approach

• D) approach-avoidance





6. When threatened, the ____ 6. When threatened, the ____ nervous system is activated.nervous system is activated.6. When threatened, the ____ 6. When threatened, the ____ nervous system is activated.nervous system is activated.

• A) parasympathetic

• B) sympathetic

• C) somatic

• D) adrenal


• B) sympathetic

• C) somatic

• D) adrenal

7. During the fight-or-flight 7. During the fight-or-flight response, the adrenal medulla response, the adrenal medulla secretes the hormones called:secretes the hormones called:

7. During the fight-or-flight 7. During the fight-or-flight response, the adrenal medulla response, the adrenal medulla secretes the hormones called:secretes the hormones called:

• A) catecholamines.

• B) acetylcholine and GABA.

• C) dopamine and serotonin.

• D) testosterone and progesterone.





8. Corticosteroids are important 8. Corticosteroids are important stress hormones, but they have stress hormones, but they have some negative properties that some negative properties that cause:cause:

8. Corticosteroids are important 8. Corticosteroids are important stress hormones, but they have stress hormones, but they have some negative properties that some negative properties that cause:cause:• A) premature aging.

• B) cardiovascular disease.

• C) weakening of the immune system.

• D) all of the above.

• A) premature aging.


• C) weakening of the immune system.


9. The scientific study of the 9. The scientific study of the mind-body connection and how it mind-body connection and how it relates to the nervous and relates to the nervous and immune systems is called:immune systems is called:

9. The scientific study of the 9. The scientific study of the mind-body connection and how it mind-body connection and how it relates to the nervous and relates to the nervous and immune systems is called:immune systems is called:• A) organic psychology.

• B) biopsychology.

• C) psychoneuroimmunology.

• D) stress psychology.

• A) organic psychology.




10. Physical disorders may be 10. Physical disorders may be most likely to occur during the most likely to occur during the ___ stage of the General ___ stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome.Adaptation Syndrome.

10. Physical disorders may be 10. Physical disorders may be most likely to occur during the most likely to occur during the ___ stage of the General ___ stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome.Adaptation Syndrome.• A) resistance

• B) exhaustion

• C) alarm

• D) breakdown

• A) resistance

• B) exhaustion

• C) alarm

• D) breakdown

11. Among individuals in 11. Among individuals in western cultures, stress may western cultures, stress may be reduced by:be reduced by:

11. Among individuals in 11. Among individuals in western cultures, stress may western cultures, stress may be reduced by:be reduced by:• A) being “talked out of it.”

• B) increasing a realistic sense of personal control.

• C) use of tranquilizing agents.

• D) an increased sense of will-power.

• A) being “talked out of it.”




12.12. Mary has a pessimistic Mary has a pessimistic explanatory style. As a result, it explanatory style. As a result, it is likely she:is likely she:

12.12. Mary has a pessimistic Mary has a pessimistic explanatory style. As a result, it explanatory style. As a result, it is likely she:is likely she:• A) tends to use external, unstable and

specific explanations.

• B) tends to be more realistic and accurate in her assessments.

• C) tends to experience more stress than optimists.

• D) does all of the above.

• A) tends to use external, unstable and specific explanations.




13.13. The association of Type A The association of Type A behavior pattern with heart behavior pattern with heart disease was found to be due disease was found to be due primarily to one factor, which is:primarily to one factor, which is:

13.13. The association of Type A The association of Type A behavior pattern with heart behavior pattern with heart disease was found to be due disease was found to be due primarily to one factor, which is:primarily to one factor, which is:• A) pessimism.

• B) intense ambition or competitiveness.

• C) an exaggerated sense of time urgency.

• D) hostility.

• A) pessimism.



• D) hostility.

14. Social relationships have 14. Social relationships have what effect on stress?what effect on stress?14. Social relationships have 14. Social relationships have what effect on stress?what effect on stress?

• A) They are stress-reducing.

• B) They have no effect on stress.

• C) They increase stress.

• D) They are helpful in reducing stress but can also be a source of stress.





15.15. Support behaviors perceived Support behaviors perceived as helpful to those under stress as helpful to those under stress include all of the following include all of the following except:except:

15.15. Support behaviors perceived Support behaviors perceived as helpful to those under stress as helpful to those under stress include all of the following include all of the following except:except:• A) talking about yourself or your own

problems.

• B) showing concern and interest.

• C) expressing understanding about why the person is upset.

• D) helping the person with housework.

• A) talking about yourself or your own problems.




16.16. Steve copes with stress by Steve copes with stress by getting drunk. He is getting drunk. He is demonstrating the maladaptive demonstrating the maladaptive strategy known as:strategy known as:


• A) denial.

• B) escape-avoidance.

• C) problem-focused coping.

• D) spring break.

• A) denial.




17.17. “Sure it hurt to get fired, but I “Sure it hurt to get fired, but I learned something from it. I am learned something from it. I am really a better person for it.” really a better person for it.” This statement is an example of: This statement is an example of:

17.17. “Sure it hurt to get fired, but I “Sure it hurt to get fired, but I learned something from it. I am learned something from it. I am really a better person for it.” really a better person for it.” This statement is an example of: This statement is an example of:

• A) denial.

• B) seeking social support.

• C) positive reappraisal.

• D) escape-avoidance.

• A) denial.




18.18. Collectivist cultures place a Collectivist cultures place a greater emphasis on:greater emphasis on:18.18. Collectivist cultures place a Collectivist cultures place a greater emphasis on:greater emphasis on:

• A) a problem-focused coping style.

• B) an emotion-focused coping style.

• C) controlling the situation.

• D) an optimistic coping strategy.





19.19. In response to stress, women In response to stress, women are more likely to:are more likely to:19.19. In response to stress, women In response to stress, women are more likely to:are more likely to:

• A) create large social networks.

• B) give up and cry.

• C) fight or flee.

• D) respond to a placebo.





20.20. After the hurricane hit, After the hurricane hit, those in the affected those in the affected community helped each other community helped each other clear the wreckage. This clear the wreckage. This behavior demonstrates:behavior demonstrates:

20.20. After the hurricane hit, After the hurricane hit, those in the affected those in the affected community helped each other community helped each other clear the wreckage. This clear the wreckage. This behavior demonstrates:behavior demonstrates:• A) optimistic style.

• B) tending and befriending.

• C) emotion-focused coping.

• D) problem-focused coping.

• A) optimistic style.




21.21. The authors of your The authors of your textbook suggest all of the textbook suggest all of the following as ways of minimizing following as ways of minimizing the negative effects of stress the negative effects of stress except:except:

21.21. The authors of your The authors of your textbook suggest all of the textbook suggest all of the following as ways of minimizing following as ways of minimizing the negative effects of stress the negative effects of stress except:except:• A) getting enough sleep.

• B) exercising regularly.

• C) avoiding alcohol.

• D) practicing relaxation.

• A) getting enough sleep.




22.22. The relaxation technique The relaxation technique called ___ involves focusing called ___ involves focusing your attention on an object, your attention on an object, word, or phrase.word, or phrase.

22.22. The relaxation technique The relaxation technique called ___ involves focusing called ___ involves focusing your attention on an object, your attention on an object, word, or phrase.word, or phrase.• A) self-hypnosis

• B) progressive muscle relaxation

• C) meditation

• D) guided imagery

• A) self-hypnosis


• C) meditation


23. James smokes cigarettes “to 23. James smokes cigarettes “to relax,” he says. Knowing what you relax,” he says. Knowing what you know from the chapter, you tell know from the chapter, you tell him:him:

23. James smokes cigarettes “to 23. James smokes cigarettes “to relax,” he says. Knowing what you relax,” he says. Knowing what you know from the chapter, you tell know from the chapter, you tell him:him:• A) nicotine is a stimulant.

• B) smoking will make his stress worse.

• C) smoking raises heart rate and blood pressure.


• A) nicotine is a stimulant.




24.24. “When life gives you lemons, “When life gives you lemons, make lemonade,” is a statement make lemonade,” is a statement that illustrates the coping strategy that illustrates the coping strategy called:called:

24.24. “When life gives you lemons, “When life gives you lemons, make lemonade,” is a statement make lemonade,” is a statement that illustrates the coping strategy that illustrates the coping strategy called:called:• A) negative reappraisal.

• B) planful problem solving.

• C) optimistic style.

• D) denial.

• A) negative reappraisal.



• D) denial.

25.25. Which of the following can help Which of the following can help you get “unstuck” in an approach-you get “unstuck” in an approach-avoidance conflict?avoidance conflict?


• A) Keep thinking about it until the answer is clear.

• B) Objectively analyze the pros and cons.

• C) Talk to a friend who has the same conflict.

• D) “Sleep on it” and wake up with a solution.





Stop here, or continue as a review

1.1. Whether we experience Whether we experience stress depends upon:stress depends upon:1.1. Whether we experience Whether we experience stress depends upon:stress depends upon:


• B) how life threatening it is.




• B) how life threatening it is.



477

2.2. The Social Readjustment The Social Readjustment Rating Scale was designed to Rating Scale was designed to measure:measure:

2.2. The Social Readjustment The Social Readjustment Rating Scale was designed to Rating Scale was designed to measure:measure:• A) the impact of positive and

negative events on stress.• B) the impact of negative events on

stress.• C) the person’s subjective

appraisal of an event.• D) the individual’s response to

stressful events.

• A) the impact of positive and negative events on stress.

• B) the impact of negative events on stress.

• C) the person’s subjective appraisal of an event.

• D) the individual’s response to stressful events.

478

3.3. Everyday minor events that Everyday minor events that annoy and upset people are annoy and upset people are called:called:

3.3. Everyday minor events that Everyday minor events that annoy and upset people are annoy and upset people are called:called:• A) stressors.




• A) stressors.




479



• A) migrants.

• B) immigrants.


• D) assimilated.

• A) migrants.

• B) immigrants.


• D) assimilated.

481

5. 5. Robert received an offer for a job Robert received an offer for a job he really wanted, but it was in a he really wanted, but it was in a location where he did not want to location where he did not want to live. This is an example of a/an live. This is an example of a/an __ conflict.__ conflict.

5. 5. Robert received an offer for a job Robert received an offer for a job he really wanted, but it was in a he really wanted, but it was in a location where he did not want to location where he did not want to live. This is an example of a/an live. This is an example of a/an __ conflict.__ conflict.









480

6.6. When threatened, the ____ When threatened, the ____ nervous system is activated.nervous system is activated.6.6. When threatened, the ____ When threatened, the ____ nervous system is activated.nervous system is activated.


• B) sympathetic

• C) somatic

• D) adrenal


• B) sympathetic

• C) somatic

• D) adrenal

483

7.7. During the fight-or-flight During the fight-or-flight response, the adrenal medulla response, the adrenal medulla secretes the hormones called:secretes the hormones called:

7.7. During the fight-or-flight During the fight-or-flight response, the adrenal medulla response, the adrenal medulla secretes the hormones called:secretes the hormones called:









483

8.8. Corticosteroids are Corticosteroids are important stress hormones, but important stress hormones, but have some negative properties have some negative properties resulting in:resulting in:

8.8. Corticosteroids are Corticosteroids are important stress hormones, but important stress hormones, but have some negative properties have some negative properties resulting in:resulting in:• A) premature aging.


• C) lowering the immune system.


• A) premature aging.


• C) lowering the immune system.


484

9.9. The scientific study of the The scientific study of the mind-body connection and how it mind-body connection and how it relates to the nervous and relates to the nervous and immune systems is called:immune systems is called:

9.9. The scientific study of the The scientific study of the mind-body connection and how it mind-body connection and how it relates to the nervous and relates to the nervous and immune systems is called:immune systems is called:• A) organic psychology.




• A) organic psychology.




486

10.10. Physical disorders may be Physical disorders may be most likely to occur during the most likely to occur during the ___ stage of the General ___ stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome.Adaptation Syndrome.

10.10. Physical disorders may be Physical disorders may be most likely to occur during the most likely to occur during the ___ stage of the General ___ stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome.Adaptation Syndrome.• A) resistance

• B) exhaustion

• C) alarm

• D) breakdown

• A) resistance

• B) exhaustion

• C) alarm

• D) breakdown

484

11.11.Among those of western Among those of western cultures, stress may be cultures, stress may be lowered by:lowered by:

11.11.Among those of western Among those of western cultures, stress may be cultures, stress may be lowered by:lowered by:• A) being “talked out of it.”




• A) being “talked out of it.”




488

12.12. Mary has a pessimistic Mary has a pessimistic explanatory style. As a result, explanatory style. As a result, it is likely she:it is likely she:

12.12. Mary has a pessimistic Mary has a pessimistic explanatory style. As a result, explanatory style. As a result, it is likely she:it is likely she:









489



• A) pessimism.



• D) hostility.

• A) pessimism.



• D) hostility.

491

14.14. Social relationships have Social relationships have what effect on stress?what effect on stress?14.14. Social relationships have Social relationships have what effect on stress?what effect on stress?









493

15.15. Support behaviors perceived Support behaviors perceived as helpful to those under stress as helpful to those under stress include all of the following include all of the following except:except:

15.15. Support behaviors perceived Support behaviors perceived as helpful to those under stress as helpful to those under stress include all of the following include all of the following except:except:• A) talking about yourself or your own

problems.




• A) talking about yourself or your own problems.




495



• A) denial.




• A) denial.




497

17.17. “Sure it hurt to get fired, but “Sure it hurt to get fired, but I learned something from it. I I learned something from it. I am really a better person for it.” am really a better person for it.” This statement is an example of: This statement is an example of:

17.17. “Sure it hurt to get fired, but “Sure it hurt to get fired, but I learned something from it. I I learned something from it. I am really a better person for it.” am really a better person for it.” This statement is an example of: This statement is an example of: • A) denial.




• A) denial.




499

18.18. Collectivist cultures place a Collectivist cultures place a greater emphasis on:greater emphasis on:18.18. Collectivist cultures place a Collectivist cultures place a greater emphasis on:greater emphasis on:









500

19. 19. In response to stress, women In response to stress, women are more likely to:are more likely to:19. 19. In response to stress, women In response to stress, women are more likely to:are more likely to:









498

20.20. After the hurricane hit, After the hurricane hit, those in the affected those in the affected community helped each other community helped each other clear the wreckage. This clear the wreckage. This behavior demonstrates:behavior demonstrates:

20.20. After the hurricane hit, After the hurricane hit, those in the affected those in the affected community helped each other community helped each other clear the wreckage. This clear the wreckage. This behavior demonstrates:behavior demonstrates:• A) optimistic style.




• A) optimistic style.




497

21.21. The authors of your textbook The authors of your textbook suggest all of the following as suggest all of the following as ways of minimizing the negative ways of minimizing the negative effects of stress effects of stress except:except:

21.21. The authors of your textbook The authors of your textbook suggest all of the following as suggest all of the following as ways of minimizing the negative ways of minimizing the negative effects of stress effects of stress except:except:









501

22.22. The relaxation technique The relaxation technique called ___ involves focusing called ___ involves focusing your attention on an object, your attention on an object, word, or phrase.word, or phrase.

22.22. The relaxation technique The relaxation technique called ___ involves focusing called ___ involves focusing your attention on an object, your attention on an object, word, or phrase.word, or phrase.• A) self-hypnosis


• C) meditation


• A) self-hypnosis


• C) meditation


501

23.23. James smokes cigarettes “to James smokes cigarettes “to relax,” he says. Knowing what you relax,” he says. Knowing what you know from the chapter, you tell know from the chapter, you tell him:him:

23.23. James smokes cigarettes “to James smokes cigarettes “to relax,” he says. Knowing what you relax,” he says. Knowing what you know from the chapter, you tell know from the chapter, you tell him:him:• A) nicotine is a stimulant.




• A) nicotine is a stimulant.




500

24.24. “When life gives you lemons, “When life gives you lemons, make lemonade,” is a statement make lemonade,” is a statement that illustrates the coping strategy that illustrates the coping strategy called:called:

24.24. “When life gives you lemons, “When life gives you lemons, make lemonade,” is a statement make lemonade,” is a statement that illustrates the coping strategy that illustrates the coping strategy called:called:• A) negative reappraisal.



• D) denial.

• A) negative reappraisal.



• D) denial.

497











480

AcknowledgmentsAcknowledgmentsAcknowledgmentsAcknowledgments

• Step Up Created by:John J. Schulte, Psy.D.

• Based on Discovering Psychology 4e by Hockenbury & Hockenbury

• Worth Publishers, 2007

• Step Up Created by:John J. Schulte, Psy.D.

• Based on Discovering Psychology 4e by Hockenbury & Hockenbury

• Worth Publishers, 2007

AnswersAnswersAnswersAnswers

1. C

2. A

3. B

4. D

5. D

6. B

7. A

8. D

9. C

10. B

11. B

12. C

13. D

14. D

15. A

16. B

17. C

18. B

19. A

20. D

21. C

22. C

23. D

24. B

25. B

step up to: discovering psychology by john j. schulte, psy.d

Documents

d stress psychology

source of stress

d testosterone

d hostility

d assimilated

b biopsychology

b acetylcholine

b immigrants