stems - i. primary structure of stems dermal – epidermis ground tissue –cortex –pith –other...

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Stems - I

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Page 1: Stems - I. Primary Structure of Stems Dermal – Epidermis Ground Tissue –Cortex –Pith –Other Vascular Tissue – vascular bundles –Collateral VB –Bicollateral

Stems - I

Page 2: Stems - I. Primary Structure of Stems Dermal – Epidermis Ground Tissue –Cortex –Pith –Other Vascular Tissue – vascular bundles –Collateral VB –Bicollateral

Primary Structure of Stems

• Dermal – Epidermis• Ground Tissue

– Cortex– Pith– Other

• Vascular Tissue – vascular bundles– Collateral VB– Bicollateral VB– Concentric VB

Page 3: Stems - I. Primary Structure of Stems Dermal – Epidermis Ground Tissue –Cortex –Pith –Other Vascular Tissue – vascular bundles –Collateral VB –Bicollateral
Page 4: Stems - I. Primary Structure of Stems Dermal – Epidermis Ground Tissue –Cortex –Pith –Other Vascular Tissue – vascular bundles –Collateral VB –Bicollateral

Acorus stem with endodermis

Page 5: Stems - I. Primary Structure of Stems Dermal – Epidermis Ground Tissue –Cortex –Pith –Other Vascular Tissue – vascular bundles –Collateral VB –Bicollateral

Amphivasal VB

Page 6: Stems - I. Primary Structure of Stems Dermal – Epidermis Ground Tissue –Cortex –Pith –Other Vascular Tissue – vascular bundles –Collateral VB –Bicollateral

Morphological concepts used to explain primary anatomy

• Stelar Theory

• Leaf Trace Theory

Page 7: Stems - I. Primary Structure of Stems Dermal – Epidermis Ground Tissue –Cortex –Pith –Other Vascular Tissue – vascular bundles –Collateral VB –Bicollateral

Types of steles

Protosteles -------------->

Siphonosteles-------------->

Page 8: Stems - I. Primary Structure of Stems Dermal – Epidermis Ground Tissue –Cortex –Pith –Other Vascular Tissue – vascular bundles –Collateral VB –Bicollateral

Protosteles have a central core of vascular tissue surrounded by cortex (not shown)

Xylem

Phloem

Page 9: Stems - I. Primary Structure of Stems Dermal – Epidermis Ground Tissue –Cortex –Pith –Other Vascular Tissue – vascular bundles –Collateral VB –Bicollateral

Haplostele in Psilotum rhizome

Page 10: Stems - I. Primary Structure of Stems Dermal – Epidermis Ground Tissue –Cortex –Pith –Other Vascular Tissue – vascular bundles –Collateral VB –Bicollateral

Haplostele in Selaginella root

Page 11: Stems - I. Primary Structure of Stems Dermal – Epidermis Ground Tissue –Cortex –Pith –Other Vascular Tissue – vascular bundles –Collateral VB –Bicollateral

Actinostele in Psilotum stem

Page 12: Stems - I. Primary Structure of Stems Dermal – Epidermis Ground Tissue –Cortex –Pith –Other Vascular Tissue – vascular bundles –Collateral VB –Bicollateral

Actinostele in Ranunculus root

Page 13: Stems - I. Primary Structure of Stems Dermal – Epidermis Ground Tissue –Cortex –Pith –Other Vascular Tissue – vascular bundles –Collateral VB –Bicollateral

Plectosteles in Lycopodium stems

Page 14: Stems - I. Primary Structure of Stems Dermal – Epidermis Ground Tissue –Cortex –Pith –Other Vascular Tissue – vascular bundles –Collateral VB –Bicollateral

Siphonosteles have a central pith surrounded by a cylinder of vascular tissue

Ectophloic Siphonostele

Amphiphloic siphonostele

Dictyostele

Page 15: Stems - I. Primary Structure of Stems Dermal – Epidermis Ground Tissue –Cortex –Pith –Other Vascular Tissue – vascular bundles –Collateral VB –Bicollateral

Ectophloic siphonstele in fern rhizome with a ring of xylem surrounded by a ring of phloem

Page 16: Stems - I. Primary Structure of Stems Dermal – Epidermis Ground Tissue –Cortex –Pith –Other Vascular Tissue – vascular bundles –Collateral VB –Bicollateral

Amphiphloic siphonostele in a fern rhizome with two rings of phloem on each side of xylem

Page 17: Stems - I. Primary Structure of Stems Dermal – Epidermis Ground Tissue –Cortex –Pith –Other Vascular Tissue – vascular bundles –Collateral VB –Bicollateral

Leaf traces and leaf gaps

Page 18: Stems - I. Primary Structure of Stems Dermal – Epidermis Ground Tissue –Cortex –Pith –Other Vascular Tissue – vascular bundles –Collateral VB –Bicollateral

Siphonostele with a leaf gap and leaf trace

Page 19: Stems - I. Primary Structure of Stems Dermal – Epidermis Ground Tissue –Cortex –Pith –Other Vascular Tissue – vascular bundles –Collateral VB –Bicollateral

Dictyosteles are considered amphiphloic siphonosteles with overlapping leaf gaps

Page 20: Stems - I. Primary Structure of Stems Dermal – Epidermis Ground Tissue –Cortex –Pith –Other Vascular Tissue – vascular bundles –Collateral VB –Bicollateral

Modified siphonosteles

Page 21: Stems - I. Primary Structure of Stems Dermal – Epidermis Ground Tissue –Cortex –Pith –Other Vascular Tissue – vascular bundles –Collateral VB –Bicollateral

Eustele

Dicots and gymnosperms Monocots

Page 22: Stems - I. Primary Structure of Stems Dermal – Epidermis Ground Tissue –Cortex –Pith –Other Vascular Tissue – vascular bundles –Collateral VB –Bicollateral

Evolution of stelar types

Page 23: Stems - I. Primary Structure of Stems Dermal – Epidermis Ground Tissue –Cortex –Pith –Other Vascular Tissue – vascular bundles –Collateral VB –Bicollateral

Flattened protostele in Selaginella stem

Flattened haplostele? OR Actinostele with two arms?

Page 24: Stems - I. Primary Structure of Stems Dermal – Epidermis Ground Tissue –Cortex –Pith –Other Vascular Tissue – vascular bundles –Collateral VB –Bicollateral

Actinostele with irregular shape

Or a plectostele with connections between xylem areas?

Page 25: Stems - I. Primary Structure of Stems Dermal – Epidermis Ground Tissue –Cortex –Pith –Other Vascular Tissue – vascular bundles –Collateral VB –Bicollateral

Stele in stem Asteroxylon (fossil member of Division Lycophyta)

Page 26: Stems - I. Primary Structure of Stems Dermal – Epidermis Ground Tissue –Cortex –Pith –Other Vascular Tissue – vascular bundles –Collateral VB –Bicollateral

Leaf traces originate at the apical meristem

Page 27: Stems - I. Primary Structure of Stems Dermal – Epidermis Ground Tissue –Cortex –Pith –Other Vascular Tissue – vascular bundles –Collateral VB –Bicollateral

Leaf traces

Page 28: Stems - I. Primary Structure of Stems Dermal – Epidermis Ground Tissue –Cortex –Pith –Other Vascular Tissue – vascular bundles –Collateral VB –Bicollateral

Anatomy of nodes

Unilacunar with 2 traces

Unilacunar with 1 trace

Trilacunar with 3 traces

Multilacunar with many gaps and many traces