stemming aflatoxins in groundnut chain: experiences...
TRANSCRIPT
2017 FANRPAN Regional Food and Nutrition Security Policy Dialogue Durban, South Africa 🁢 15-17 August 2017
#Dialogue2017
STEMMING AFLATOXINS IN GROUNDNUT CHAIN:
EXPERIENCES FROM MALAWI AND ZAMBIA
Limbikani Matumba et al…
2017 FANRPAN Regional Food and Nutrition Security Policy Dialogue Durban, South Africa 🁢 15-17 August 2017
Peanuts are lovely…
2017 FANRPAN Regional Food and Nutrition Security Policy Dialogue Durban, South Africa 🁢 15-17 August 2017
Acute
Microbiological
Phycotoxins
Some phytotoxins
Mycotoxins
Anthropogenic contaminants
Pesticide residues
Food additives
High
Low Kuiper-Goodman,1998
Rating health risks from foods - acute
2017 FANRPAN Regional Food and Nutrition Security Policy Dialogue Durban, South Africa 🁢 15-17 August 2017
Acute
Microbiological
Phycotoxins
Some phytotoxins
Mycotoxins
Anthropogenic contaminants
Pesticide residues
Food additives
High
Low
Chronic
Mycotoxins
Anthropogenic contaminants
Some phytotoxins
Unbalanced diet
Phycotoxins
Food additives
Pesticide residues
Microbiological
Kuiper - Goodman, 1998
pag. 4
Mycotoxins: important food contaminants
2017 FANRPAN Regional Food and Nutrition Security Policy Dialogue Durban, South Africa 🁢 15-17 August 2017
Fusaríum sp.
Aspergillus sp.
Penicillium sp.
Alternaria sp.
Claviceps sp.
• secondary fungal metabolites
• biological function: “weapons” against hosts and competitors
• > 400 mycotoxins are known today
• Cause an array of health effects
pag. 5
Mycotoxins: important food contaminants
2017 FANRPAN Regional Food and Nutrition Security Policy Dialogue Durban, South Africa 🁢 15-17 August 2017
2017 FANRPAN Regional Food and Nutrition Security Policy Dialogue Durban, South Africa 🁢 15-17 August 2017
Environment (Temp., humidity/moisture, insect damage…)
Host (almost any kind of food) Fungi
Contamination
pag. 7
Mycotoxins: biosynthesis
2017 FANRPAN Regional Food and Nutrition Security Policy Dialogue Durban, South Africa 🁢 15-17 August 2017
European Union sub-Saharan Africa
pag. 8
Control possible?
2017 FANRPAN Regional Food and Nutrition Security Policy Dialogue Durban, South Africa 🁢 15-17 August 2017
Poor handling practices
2017 FANRPAN Regional Food and Nutrition Security Policy Dialogue Durban, South Africa 🁢 15-17 August 2017
pag. 10
Do we have the luxury to throw away?
2017 FANRPAN Regional Food and Nutrition Security Policy Dialogue Durban, South Africa 🁢 15-17 August 2017
2017 FANRPAN Regional Food and Nutrition Security Policy Dialogue Durban, South Africa 🁢 15-17 August 2017
Technological challenges
2017 FANRPAN Regional Food and Nutrition Security Policy Dialogue Durban, South Africa 🁢 15-17 August 2017
The need for Forex
2017 FANRPAN Regional Food and Nutrition Security Policy Dialogue Durban, South Africa 🁢 15-17 August 2017
2017 FANRPAN Regional Food and Nutrition Security Policy Dialogue Durban, South Africa 🁢 15-17 August 2017
Export - OK
EU legislation
Consumed locally
Matumba et al 2015. Food Control,51, 236-239.
Import- OK
ag. 15
The aflatoxin contamination picture
2017 FANRPAN Regional Food and Nutrition Security Policy Dialogue Durban, South Africa 🁢 15-17 August 2017
High
Low
pag. 16
Contributing to stunting?
2017 FANRPAN Regional Food and Nutrition Security Policy Dialogue Durban, South Africa 🁢 15-17 August 2017
#Dialogue2017
Stemming Aflatoxin pre- and post-harvest
waste in the groundnut value chain (GnVC)
in Malawi and Zambia
to improve food and nutrition security in
the smallholder farming families.
2017 FANRPAN Regional Food and Nutrition Security Policy Dialogue Durban, South Africa 🁢 15-17 August 2017
Our intervention
1) To assess, validate and further develop promising pre and post harvest technologies
2) Document and disseminate successfully tested practices
3) To advocate for conducive national and regional policies and regulatory frameworks for stemming Aflatoxin
2017 FANRPAN Regional Food and Nutrition Security Policy Dialogue Durban, South Africa 🁢 15-17 August 2017
Research Foci
Evaluation of the effect of residue incorporation on pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination
Evaluation of effect of number of rows per ridge on aflatoxin contamination
Evaluation of the effect Mandela cork drying method on aflatoxin contamination
Evaluation of kennel sizing and Hand sorting on partitioning aflatoxin into various shelled groundnut grade sizes
2017 FANRPAN Regional Food and Nutrition Security Policy Dialogue Durban, South Africa 🁢 15-17 August 2017
Double row vs Single row
2017 FANRPAN Regional Food and Nutrition Security Policy Dialogue Durban, South Africa 🁢 15-17 August 2017
Yield
Mean difference =0.8±0.2 (M±E),
P<0.001
2017 FANRPAN Regional Food and Nutrition Security Policy Dialogue Durban, South Africa 🁢 15-17 August 2017
Percentage of well developed pods
Mean difference =7.7±3.3 (M±E),
P=0.028
2017 FANRPAN Regional Food and Nutrition Security Policy Dialogue Durban, South Africa 🁢 15-17 August 2017
Aflatoxin content
Mean difference=2.5±25.7 (M±E),
P=0.922
2017 FANRPAN Regional Food and Nutrition Security Policy Dialogue Durban, South Africa 🁢 15-17 August 2017
Residual Effect?
•By hand
•Not deep
•What's the effect?
2017 FANRPAN Regional Food and Nutrition Security Policy Dialogue Durban, South Africa 🁢 15-17 August 2017
2017 FANRPAN Regional Food and Nutrition Security Policy Dialogue Durban, South Africa 🁢 15-17 August 2017
Mould prevalence
Mean difference =19.3±4.4 (M±E),
P<0.001
2017 FANRPAN Regional Food and Nutrition Security Policy Dialogue Durban, South Africa 🁢 15-17 August 2017
Insect damage
Mean difference =19.3±4.4 (M±E),
P<0.001
2017 FANRPAN Regional Food and Nutrition Security Policy Dialogue Durban, South Africa 🁢 15-17 August 2017
Aflatoxin
Mean difference=19.4±18.6 (M±E),
P=0.302
2017 FANRPAN Regional Food and Nutrition Security Policy Dialogue Durban, South Africa 🁢 15-17 August 2017
Mandela cock vs inverted windrow
2017 FANRPAN Regional Food and Nutrition Security Policy Dialogue Durban, South Africa 🁢 15-17 August 2017
Mandela vs Windrow in 2016 and 2017
2017 FANRPAN Regional Food and Nutrition Security Policy Dialogue Durban, South Africa 🁢 15-17 August 2017
#Dialogue2017
EFFECTIVE HAND SORTING: REDUCING AFLATOXINS
2017 FANRPAN Regional Food and Nutrition Security Policy Dialogue Durban, South Africa 🁢 15-17 August 2017
Conclusion
• Need for more farmer participatory research
• Need for technology validation and strict government regulation if farmers are to benefit.
• Increase public awareness regarding aflatoxin issues.
• Aflatoxin Regulatory framework should be enhanced…