stem cells stem cells 1. what is a stem cell? generalspecific unspecialized cells give rise to...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 2: Stem Cells Stem Cells 1. What is a Stem Cell? GeneralSpecific Unspecialized cells Give rise to more than 250 specialized cells in the body Serve](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1b5503460f94c31811/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Stem Cells Stem Cells 1. What is a Stem Cell? GeneralSpecific Unspecialized cells Give rise to more than 250 specialized cells in the body Serve](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1b5503460f94c31811/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What is a Stem Cell?What is a Stem Cell?
General Specific
Unspecialized cells Give rise to more
than 250 specialized cells in the body
Serve as the body’s repair system
Self-Renewal Differentiation
(specialization)
![Page 4: Stem Cells Stem Cells 1. What is a Stem Cell? GeneralSpecific Unspecialized cells Give rise to more than 250 specialized cells in the body Serve](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1b5503460f94c31811/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4http://www.nih.gov/news/stemcell/figure5.jpg
![Page 5: Stem Cells Stem Cells 1. What is a Stem Cell? GeneralSpecific Unspecialized cells Give rise to more than 250 specialized cells in the body Serve](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1b5503460f94c31811/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Two “types” of stem cellsTwo “types” of stem cells
5
•Embryonic (ES)
•Adult (non-embryonic) (AS)
![Page 6: Stem Cells Stem Cells 1. What is a Stem Cell? GeneralSpecific Unspecialized cells Give rise to more than 250 specialized cells in the body Serve](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1b5503460f94c31811/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Stem Cells differ byStem Cells differ by
Origin Embryonic Adult
Different “potentials” Totipotent Pluripotent Multipotent
6
Origin determines potential
![Page 7: Stem Cells Stem Cells 1. What is a Stem Cell? GeneralSpecific Unspecialized cells Give rise to more than 250 specialized cells in the body Serve](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1b5503460f94c31811/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
PotentialsPotentials
7
Totipotent - having unlimited capability. Totipotent cells have the capacity to specialize into extraembryonic membranes and all cells of the embryo. Pluripotent -capable of giving rise to most tissues of an organism. Multipotent -capable of giving rise to many tissues of an organism.
![Page 8: Stem Cells Stem Cells 1. What is a Stem Cell? GeneralSpecific Unspecialized cells Give rise to more than 250 specialized cells in the body Serve](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1b5503460f94c31811/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
DefinitionsDefinitions
8
Stem cells – undifferentiated cells that have the ability to: divide for indefinite periods in culture to become specialized cells
Differentiation – the process whereby cells become
specialized Produces stems cells with decreasing
potential
![Page 9: Stem Cells Stem Cells 1. What is a Stem Cell? GeneralSpecific Unspecialized cells Give rise to more than 250 specialized cells in the body Serve](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1b5503460f94c31811/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Derivation
9
![Page 10: Stem Cells Stem Cells 1. What is a Stem Cell? GeneralSpecific Unspecialized cells Give rise to more than 250 specialized cells in the body Serve](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1b5503460f94c31811/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Embryonic Stem Cells Embryonic Stem Cells (ESC)(ESC)1. Embryos are the result of In Vitro
Fertilization (IVF)
2. Cells are taken from the Inner Cell Mass (ICM) of a blastocyst
3. ICM cells are nourished in a petri dish in an incubator
4. Cells are given different types of Factors/chemicals
These cells can give rise to most types of cells
10
![Page 11: Stem Cells Stem Cells 1. What is a Stem Cell? GeneralSpecific Unspecialized cells Give rise to more than 250 specialized cells in the body Serve](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1b5503460f94c31811/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
In Vitro Fertilization In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)(IVF)1. Eggs are removed from ovary of female 2. Sperm is obtained from male3. Egg and sperm are combined in test
tubes/Petri dish4. Fertilized eggs (zygotes) are allowed to
divide for a few days.5. Blastocysts are then transferred to uterus
of womanWhat happens to left over embryos?
Frozen until used again Discarded*
11
![Page 12: Stem Cells Stem Cells 1. What is a Stem Cell? GeneralSpecific Unspecialized cells Give rise to more than 250 specialized cells in the body Serve](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1b5503460f94c31811/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
In Vitro FertilizationIn Vitro Fertilization
12
Fertilization
+
![Page 13: Stem Cells Stem Cells 1. What is a Stem Cell? GeneralSpecific Unspecialized cells Give rise to more than 250 specialized cells in the body Serve](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1b5503460f94c31811/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The zygote dividesThe zygote divides
13
Each cell is totipotent
![Page 14: Stem Cells Stem Cells 1. What is a Stem Cell? GeneralSpecific Unspecialized cells Give rise to more than 250 specialized cells in the body Serve](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1b5503460f94c31811/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Blastocyst formationBlastocyst formation
14
The 1st sign of differentiation
Blastocyst
![Page 15: Stem Cells Stem Cells 1. What is a Stem Cell? GeneralSpecific Unspecialized cells Give rise to more than 250 specialized cells in the body Serve](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1b5503460f94c31811/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
BlastocystBlastocyst
15
Inner Cell Mass (ICM)
Trophoblast
Gives rise to an embryo under proper conditionsThese are
now Pluripotent stem cells
![Page 16: Stem Cells Stem Cells 1. What is a Stem Cell? GeneralSpecific Unspecialized cells Give rise to more than 250 specialized cells in the body Serve](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1b5503460f94c31811/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Embryonic Stem CellsEmbryonic Stem Cells
16
![Page 17: Stem Cells Stem Cells 1. What is a Stem Cell? GeneralSpecific Unspecialized cells Give rise to more than 250 specialized cells in the body Serve](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1b5503460f94c31811/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Cell differentiationCell differentiation
17
Pluripotent stem cell
(Embryonic stem cell)
Multipotent stem cells
(Adult stem cell)
Differentiated cells(muscle, nerve,
skin, fibroblast, etc)
Differen
tiation
Differentiation
Can divide
Differentiation
Differentiation
Can divide
Can divide
![Page 18: Stem Cells Stem Cells 1. What is a Stem Cell? GeneralSpecific Unspecialized cells Give rise to more than 250 specialized cells in the body Serve](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1b5503460f94c31811/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Adult Stem CellsAdult Stem Cells
Adult tissues reported to contain stem cells include: brain, bone marrow, peripheral blood, blood vessels, skeletal muscle, skin and liver.
There are a very small number of stem cells in each tissue
18
![Page 19: Stem Cells Stem Cells 1. What is a Stem Cell? GeneralSpecific Unspecialized cells Give rise to more than 250 specialized cells in the body Serve](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1b5503460f94c31811/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Why is research on Why is research on embryonic stem embryonic stem cells important?cells important?
19
![Page 20: Stem Cells Stem Cells 1. What is a Stem Cell? GeneralSpecific Unspecialized cells Give rise to more than 250 specialized cells in the body Serve](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1b5503460f94c31811/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Current IssuesCurrent Issues
Derivation Induced-
pluripotent stem cells
Ethics Challenges
Controlling specialization
Donor acceptance
![Page 21: Stem Cells Stem Cells 1. What is a Stem Cell? GeneralSpecific Unspecialized cells Give rise to more than 250 specialized cells in the body Serve](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1b5503460f94c31811/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Importance of Stem CellsImportance of Stem Cells
Perhaps the most important potential application of human stem cells is the generation of cells and tissues that could be used for cell-based therapies.
21
http://stemcells.nih.gov/index.asp
![Page 22: Stem Cells Stem Cells 1. What is a Stem Cell? GeneralSpecific Unspecialized cells Give rise to more than 250 specialized cells in the body Serve](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1b5503460f94c31811/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Importance of Stem CellsImportance of Stem Cells
Today, donated organs and tissues are often used to replace ailing or destroyed tissue, but the need for transplantable tissues and organs far outweighs the available supply.
22
![Page 23: Stem Cells Stem Cells 1. What is a Stem Cell? GeneralSpecific Unspecialized cells Give rise to more than 250 specialized cells in the body Serve](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1b5503460f94c31811/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Importance of Stem CellsImportance of Stem Cells
Parkinson’s Disease Loss of dopaminergic
producing nerve cell in substantia nigra
Severe motor disturbance Fetal brain cells and iPS
(reprogramming) http://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=1yCgLythe00
23
![Page 24: Stem Cells Stem Cells 1. What is a Stem Cell? GeneralSpecific Unspecialized cells Give rise to more than 250 specialized cells in the body Serve](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1b5503460f94c31811/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Importance of Stem CellsImportance of Stem Cells
Alzheimers Disease Dementia Death brain tissue, protein
placques, hippocampus http://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=zgvm_vvqq3I&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TZA3QFliteA&feature=related
24
![Page 25: Stem Cells Stem Cells 1. What is a Stem Cell? GeneralSpecific Unspecialized cells Give rise to more than 250 specialized cells in the body Serve](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1b5503460f94c31811/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Importance of Stem CellsImportance of Stem Cells
25
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vwCrxomPbtY
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ADchGO-0kGo&feature=related