stem cells and diabetes the future. diabetes research what is known cells are not generated from...
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Stem Cells and Diabetes
The Future
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Diabetes ResearchWhat is known
cells are not generated from adult stem
cells in the pancreas.
It is unlikely that a cure for diabetes will
come from adult stem cells.
Embryonic stem cells have been shown to
generate insulin-producing cells.
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What Has Been Tried:Whole organ pancreas transplants
Problem: not enough organs to meet the demand
Problem: must take powerful immunosuppressants
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What Has Been Tried: Injections of pancreatic islet cells
Problem: less than 8% of these transplants have been successful
Problem: immunosuppressants are required
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Problem: There is much work to be done before this technique will be ready—if it is ever ready.
Possible Next Step:
Inject cells into the patient’s pancreas
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Possible Next Step:
Activate cells in the patient’s own pancreas Problem: There may be no cells left in
the pancreas of a patient to activate.
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Possible Next Step
Provide type l diabetics with transplants of cells derived from embryonic stem cells.
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What We Need to Know
What properties make embryonic stem cells unique?
Where do these cells come from? How are they involved in the
formation of the pancreas, cells, and other tissues?
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Where do they come from?
“Human Embryonic Development” animation is located on Disc One of Potent Biology DVD andhere: http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/stemcells/human_emb_dev.html
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What makes them unique?
can regenerate an infinite number of times
can be grown in culture indefinitely
are classified as pluripotent
are able to differentiate into specialized cells as needed
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How are stem cells involved in the formation of the pancreas, cells, and other tissues?
“Differentiation and the Fate of Cells” animation is located on Disc One of Potent Biology DVD and here: http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/stemcells/differentiation.html.
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Germ Layer Differentiation
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Forming Specialized Cells
Growth factors and other signals tell a stem cell when to differentiate and what type of cell to become.
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Forming Specialized Cells
The same growth factors and signals could be used to direct the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells grown in culture.
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What is Known
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Role of Location in Differentiation
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Role of Location in Differentiation
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The Task:
Guiding cultured embryonic stem cells to become insulin-producing cells.